Lipids in Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal changes in endocannabinoidome and dietary lipid profile in severe obesity: impact of sleeve gastrectomy.","authors":"Gabrielle St-Arnaud, Justine Daoust, Mélissa Pelletier, Caroline Gagnon, Laurent Biertho, Léonie Bouvet-Bouchard, Elizabeth Dumais, Nicolas Flamand, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Andréanne Michaud, Alain Veilleux","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02988-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02988-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The endocannabinoid system and its extension, the endocannabinoidome (eCBome), are lipid-based signalling systems involved in regulating energy balance and metabolic homoeostasis. The eCBome includes a variety of bioactive lipids derived from fatty acids, such as N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2‑MAGs), which have been linked to different patterns of adiposity. Dietary intake, particularly fatty acid intake, plays a key role in shaping the circulating eCBome profile. Bariatric surgery and subsequent diet modifications can significantly modulate the eCBome, potentially restoring metabolic balance in individuals with obesity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is to identify longitudinal changes in the circulating profile of eCBome mediators in individuals living with severe obesity, before and after a sleeve gastrectomy, and to relate these changes to metabolic improvements and changes in dietary intake.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cohort includes 33 adults with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²), awaiting a sleeve gastrectomy. Blood samples, anthropometric measurements, metabolic profile and dietary intakes (assessed via 24 h dietary recalls) were collected before and 4 months after surgery. Circulating eCBome mediators were quantified by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in fasting plasma samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four months after sleeve gastrectomy, reductions in adiposity (BMI, body fat mass, waist and neck circumferences) and improvements in metabolic parameters (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and fasting insulin) were accompanied by significant changes in the levels of some circulating eCBome mediators. Post-surgery circulating levels of EPEA and DHEA reduced, whereas levels of 2-AG, 2-LG, 2-DPG and 2-DHG increased after adjusting for pre-surgery levels and sex (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the circulating levels of eCBome mediators within each family (i.e., NAEs and 2-MAGs) were more closely intercorrelated after surgery than before. Adiposity measurements and dietary fatty acid intakes, such as arachidonic acid and omega-3 fatty acids, were associated with the circulating eCBome profile only after surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Weight loss and metabolic profile improvements induced by sleeve gastrectomy correlate with changes in the circulating eCBome profile. In severe obesity, neither adiposity nor dietary fatty acid intake appear to directly influence the circulating eCBome profile. The contribution of these factors, which had been previously observed in individuals with normal weight to moderate obesity, only becomes evident following weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13495446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of continuous cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome severity score (cCKMS-S) complementing CKM staging.","authors":"Safdar Masoumi, Mohamadamin Tarighat-Payma, Farhad Shaker, Ladan Mehran, Ramin Assempoor, Fereidoun Azizi, Maryam Adib, Atieh Amouzegar, Davood Khalili","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02990-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02990-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome integrates metabolic, renal, and cardiovascular dysregulation into a unified construct. Current CKM staging systems rely on categorical thresholds that can obscure within-stage heterogeneity, leading to misclassification due to population-specific cut-offs. This study aimed to develop and validate a continuous CKM severity score (cCKMS-S) to mitigate these limitations of categorical staging as a continuous adjunct severity index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from 7,343 adults aged 20-80 years in phase III (2005-2008) of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to derive age- and sex-specific latent CKM constructs. Temporal validation was performed in TLGS VI, and independent external validation in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018. Within-stage heterogeneity was assessed by stratifying Stage 2 into tertiles. Discrimination was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and mortality associations using Cox models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In temporal external validation, area under the curves (AUCs) for stage classification were ≥ 0.83 for identifying CKM stage ≥ 2 and ≥ 0.90 for stage ≥ 3, across population subgroups. Similar discriminative performance was observed in NHANES (AUC 0.90 for stage ≥ 2 and 0.84 for stage ≥ 3). Each 1-SD increase in cCKMS-S was associated with a higher risk of all-cause (HR = 3.2;95%CI:2.7-3.9) and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality (HR = 4.7;95%CI:3.6-6.2). In NHANES, cCKMS-S also demonstrated consistent associations with mortality outcomes, with each 1-SD increase associated with a higher risk of all-cause (HR = 1.2;95%CI:1.2-1.3) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.4;95%CI:1.3-1.5), with adjusted C-indices for all-cause and CVD mortality (0.83 and 0.86, respectively) comparable to those observed in the TLGS cohort. Within Stage 2, cCKMS-S identified a marked gradient in all-cause mortality risk across tertiles (HR = 2.16, 3.33, and 9.43). Time-dependent ROC analysis for all-cause mortality in TLGS showed AUCs of 0.71 and 0.77 for cCKMS-S versus 0.66 and 0.69 for CKM staging at 10 and 18 years, improving to 0.85 and 0.84 after adjustment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>cCKMS-S introduces a continuous severity score that complements CKM staging by capturing within-stage heterogeneity and demonstrating generalizability across populations. It provides a practical tool for longitudinal monitoring and assessment of intervention efficacy, and preventive risk stratification in clinical practice. The developed online calculator of cCKMS-S is available at safdar-masoumi.github.io/ckm-calc.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13501602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148258499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond traditional risk factors: the impact of cumulative inflammation and remnant cholesterol on myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Kanghao Zhou, Guangcheng Liu, Bin Zhang, Xiong Zhang, Wei Wu, Shouling Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02992-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02992-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The residual risk of myocardial infarction (MI) persists despite the management of traditional risk factors. Although remnant cholesterol and systemic inflammatory activity, reflected by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), may contribute to atherothrombosis, their long-term combined impact on MI remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In all, 42,303 participants from the Kailuan prospective cohort (2006-2010) with repeated remnant cholesterol and hs-CRP measurements were included. Cumulative exposure to remnant cholesterol and hs-CRP was calculated across three visits. Participants were stratified into six groups according to cumulative remnant cholesterol (below/above median) and cumulative hs-CRP concentrations (< 1, 1-3, ≥ 3 mg/L). Incident MI was ascertained through insurance and hospital records, with a median follow-up period of 10.99 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During a median follow-up of approximately 11.0 years, 741 MI events were identified. The risk of MI increased progressively with increasing cumulative hs-CRP levels in both cumulative remnant cholesterol strata. Participants with concurrent cumulative remnant cholesterol and high cumulative hs-CRP levels had the greatest risk (HR 3.16, 95% CI 2.37-4.20). The associations remained robust across age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, and diabetes, and sensitivity analyses excluded early events, cancer, acute infection and major cardiovascular diseases at baseline. Women appeared to demonstrate a more pronounced relative risk under dual high exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term cumulative exposure to elevated RC and systemic inflammation was associated with markedly increased MI risk. Simultaneous assessment of cumulative lipid-related and inflammatory burden may improve long-term risk stratification, help identify individuals who may benefit from intensive preventive care, and support combined lipid-lowering and inflammation-targeted strategies for MI prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13488246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the triglyceride-glucose index and kidney stone disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Shiva Maleki, Bahar Darouei, Alireza Amin, Ali Amani-Beni, Arsham Seifnezhad, David J Tunnicliffe, Javier A Neyra, Reza Amani-Beni","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02994-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02994-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an accessible marker of insulin resistance and may reflect metabolic susceptibility to kidney stone disease (KSD). This review synthesizes observational evidence on TyG and KSD and examines whether the association varies with increasing TyG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and ProQuest were searched up to May 22, 2026 according to PRISMA 2020 and a PROSPERO-registered protocol. Eligible studies enrolled adults, assessed TyG as either a continuous or categorical exposure, reported KSD as the outcome, and provided extractable effect estimates. Study quality was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. Maximally adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were synthesized using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) random-effects model. One-stage dose-response meta-analyses using linear and restricted cubic spline models were also conducted, and the certainty of evidence was judged using GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen studies (total n = 1,066,215; KSD cases = 50,286) met the inclusion criteria. In the continuous analysis, each 1-unit increment in TyG corresponded to higher KSD odds (pooled adjusted OR: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.54). Compared with the lowest TyG category, the highest had 52% higher odds of KSD (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.26-1.84). In a one-stage random-effects dose-response meta-analysis, restricted cubic spline models provided the best fit but showed no statistical evidence of non-linearity, supporting a linear association with a 26% increase in odds per 1-unit increase in TyG (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12-1.42; 95% PI: 0.91-1.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A higher TyG index was associated with greater odds of KSD in a broadly linear manner; however, the marked heterogeneity across studies suggests that TyG should be viewed as a potential metabolic risk marker rather than a routine screening tool. These findings may support broader cardiometabolic risk assessment and standard preventive counseling in patients at risk of KSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13495508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Episodic migraine is associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile rather than independent insulin resistance: a case-control study.","authors":"Simona Szabóová, Oľga Duraníková, Balázs Örzsik, Monika Glevická, Igor Straka, Peter Valkovič","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02997-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02997-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiometabolic factors may influence migraine biology through metabolic, inflammatory, and vascular mechanisms, but studies examining insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in migraine have yielded inconsistent results, partly due to heterogeneity in study design, fasting status, and timing of blood sampling relative to migraine attacks. We evaluated insulin-resistance indices and lipid profiles, including derived lipid ratios, in episodic migraine compared with healthy controls under standardised interictal fasting conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional case-control study, 45 adults with episodic migraine and 45 healthy controls aged 18-50 years underwent 12-hour fasting blood sampling during the interictal period. Co-primary endpoints were homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C ratio), and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and smoking, episodic migraine remained associated with a higher TC/HDL-C ratio (B = 0.956, p < 0.001), higher AIP (B = 0.122, p = 0.008), higher total cholesterol, LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and fasting glucose, and lower HDL-C, whereas no adjusted association was found for HOMA-IR or fasting insulin. In unadjusted analyses, triglycerides were also higher in the migraine group. Monthly migraine days and attack intensity were not associated with the co-primary metabolic indices. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed nominal lipid-related differences by aura status, which did not remain significant after false discovery rate correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Under standardised interictal fasting conditions, episodic migraine was associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile, including higher TC/HDL-C ratio and AIP. In contrast, fasting surrogate markers of insulin resistance were not associated with episodic migraine after adjustment for selected covariates, although small effects cannot be excluded. Larger longitudinal studies with more detailed metabolic assessment are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148226221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of remnant cholesterol with long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Jingru Chen, Xinyi Gao, Xinxuan Meng, Xiaowei Lou, Jianghua Chen","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02996-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02996-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-transplant dyslipidemia is frequently observed and has been associated with graft survival. Traditional lipid parameters show inconsistent associations with graft outcomes, whereas remnant cholesterol (RC) may provide additional prognostic value; however, its role remains unclear in kidney transplant recipients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort of 1,943 living donor kidney transplant recipients, a 365-day landmark design was applied. Lipid exposure was defined as mean levels within the first year after transplantation, including RC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios, and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to explore potential dose-response patterns. Lipid parameters were additionally analyzed as categorical variables. Subgroup analyses assessed potential effect modification, and incremental value analyses evaluated model improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated RC (HR 2.38, 95% CI: 1.26-4.50, P = 0.008) and TG (HR 1.38, 95% CI: 1.06-1.79, P = 0.015) were independently associated with higher allograft loss risk and showed dose-response patterns. Similar results were observed in categorical analyses. Non-HDL-C was not significantly associated with allograft loss in the primary analysis (HR 1.64, 95% CI: 1.00-2.70, P = 0.051), and LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC showed no consistent associations with graft outcomes. No lipid parameter was significantly associated with all-cause mortality. The TG-allograft loss association was stronger among recipients with fewer human leukocyte antigen mismatches (P for interaction = 0.012). Adding RC to the baseline risk model modestly improved model performance (ΔC-index = 0.008, P = 0.007; ΔAIC = - 4.78).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher RC and TG levels were independently associated with an increased risk of kidney allograft loss in living donor recipients. RC showed the most consistent association with graft outcomes and modest improvement in model performance, supporting further evaluation of RC as an adjunctive marker in post-transplant lipid assessment and long-term graft care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13479568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148226219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prognostic model based on integrated clinical indicators for recurrent acute pancreatitis in patients with hypertriglyceridemia: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Junyan An, Gaoyuan Zhang, Xinling Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02995-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02995-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrence after a first episode of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) remains common, whereas admission-time prediction models are still limited. We aimed to identify independent predictors of 3-year recurrence and develop a practical nomogram for early risk assessment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with first-episode HTG-AP admitted between January 2019 and January 2023. Clinical variables, laboratory indices obtained within 24 h of admission, and CT-derived skeletal muscle density (SMD) were collected. All patients had at least 3 years of potential follow-up. Candidate variables were screened using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of recurrence. A nomogram was constructed and evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration, bootstrap validation, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Sensitivity analyses included ln(CRP + 1) adjustment and Fine-Gray regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 278 patients were included in the primary logistic regression cohort, of whom 82 (29.5%) developed recurrence within 3 years. Higher triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (OR 5.027, 95% CI 2.599-9.723, P < 0.001) and smoking history (OR 2.358, 95% CI 1.149-4.838, P = 0.019) were independent risk factors, whereas higher SMD (OR 0.868, 95% CI 0.821-0.917, P < 0.001) and albumin (OR 0.866, 95% CI 0.801-0.936, P < 0.001) were protective factors. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with an AUC of 0.896, and remained stable after bootstrap validation (AUC 0.891). Calibration, DCA, CRP-adjusted analysis, and Fine-Gray regression supported model performance and robustness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A nomogram integrating TyG, SMD, albumin, and smoking history showed good performance for predicting 3-year recurrence after first-episode HTG-AP and may support early risk stratification and individualized follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The small dense LDL cholesterol-glucose index combined with visceral adiposity (sdLG-cVAI) as a novel predictor of incident cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Xumao Deng, Tao Wu, Qiyuan Liang, Xiunan Liu, Panpan Qin, Simeng Li, Zhuoxing Li, Hongwei Leng, Yun Sun, Kun Zhang, Xiang Xiao","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02987-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02987-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, and obesity are established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Composite markers like the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index reflect lipid quantity but overlook qualitative features such as small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C), a highly atherogenic subfraction linked to dysglycemia. This study aimed to develop a novel sdLDL-C-glucose (sdLG) index, combine it with obesity indicators to enhance CVD risk stratification, and evaluate its predictive value for incident CVD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults aged ≥ 45 years without baseline CVD from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were included (2011-2020). CVD (heart disease and stroke) events were identified during follow-up. The sdLG index, calculated from sdLDL-C and fasting glucose, was integrated with obesity indicators to form derived indices. The predictive performance of the indices was compared using time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Concordance index (C-index), and net reclassification improvement/integrated discrimination improvement (NRI/IDI) to select the optimal index. Dose-response relationships were examined via restricted cubic splines (RCS). Associations of the optimal index (baseline, cumulative exposure, and trajectory patterns) with incident CVD were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, supplemented by subgroup and sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3,969 participants, 1,029 incident CVD events occurred. The sdLG index outperformed TyG index in long-term discrimination. Among derived indices, sdLG index combined with the Chinese visceral adiposity index (sdLG-cVAI) showed the best discrimination and reclassification performance. Dose-response relationships for baseline (P for overall < 0.001; P for nonlinearity = 0.105) and cumulative sdLG-cVAI (cusdLG-cVAI) (P for overall < 0.001; P for nonlinearity = 0.522) were linear. In fully adjusted models, the highest vs. lowest quartile was associated with increased CVD risk for both baseline sdLG-cVAI (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.44-2.16, P < 0.001) and cumulative sdLG-cVAI (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.53-2.29, P < 0.001). Participants in the persistently high trajectory cluster faced higher risk than those in the stable low cluster (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.46-2.10, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed some heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses yielded results consistent with the main regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sdLG index outperforms the traditional TyG index for long-term CVD risk prediction. The novel composite sdLG-cVAI independently predicts incident CVD and improves risk stratification in middle-aged and older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the role of neuroglobin in cholesterol metabolism: a spotlight on brain-derived cells.","authors":"Sara Caputo, Martina Parente, Mayra Colardo, Marco Fiocchetti, Maria Marino, Marco Segatto, Valentina Pallottini","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02985-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02985-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cholesterol is a crucial determinant of membrane structure, signaling, and synaptic function in the central nervous system, where its homeostasis is tightly controlled to support neuronal viability and plasticity to prevent neurodegeneration. Altered brain cholesterol metabolism is increasingly recognized as a shared feature of several neurological disorders as well as age-associated cognitive decline. In parallel, neuroglobin has emerged as an endogenous neuroprotective protein in the brain, where its overexpression limits oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death in experimental models of hypoxia, ischemia, and proteinopathy. Despite extensive research on cholesterol turnover in the brain and on neuroglobin-mediated cytoprotection, the functional relationship between these two processes remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether neuroglobin modulates the cholesterol regulatory network in brain-derived cells and whether it affects the astrocyte-dependent cholesterol supply to neurons.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human neuronal-like (SH-SY5Y) and astrocyte-like (U373) cell lines overexpressing neuroglobin were used to examine the effects of globin on key regulators of cholesterol synthesis, uptake, intracellular trafficking, and storage, as well as on susceptibility to oxidative stress. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrate that neuroglobin is seemingly associated with changes in cholesterol homeostasis in a cell type-specific manner, modulating the expression of different proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism and promoting cellular cholesterol accumulation without affecting the cross-talk between astrocytes and neurons.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these findings suggest that NGB can be a novel modulator of cholesterol homeostasis in brain-derived cells, extending its role beyond the mitigation of oxidative stress in neurons to include defense against metabolic dysregulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13449314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148157219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An explainable machine learning method for identifying key atherogenic lipid biomarkers in abdominal obesity among the Southern Chinese population.","authors":"Xi Meng, Shuaijing Zhang, Yunkai Lin, Yiting Fang, Panpan Huang, Jian Wen, Xingfen Yang, Guiyuan Ji, Jiewen Peng, Wei Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12944-026-02989-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-026-02989-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Abdominal obesity (AO) significantly contributes to cardiometabolic diseases and poses an increasing public health challenge. Composite lipid-derived indices have been proposed as simple indicators of atherogenic dyslipidemia, but their relative importance for identifying AO at the population level remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to evaluate the link between various atherogenic lipid indices and AO, identifying key lipid-related predictors through interpretable machine learning methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed 5,612 adults from a population-based survey in Guangdong Province, China. Atherogenic lipid indices encompass the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), atherogenic coefficient (AC), Castelli risk indices I and II (CRI-I and CRI-II), lipid composite index (LCI), and the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C). Feature selection was conducted using Boruta and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) methods prior to machine learning modeling. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, and F1 score. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied to quantify feature importance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with AO were generally older and more likely to exhibit lower education levels, reduced physical activity, cardiometabolic comorbidities, and unfavorable metabolic profiles. Feature selection identified 15 key predictors. Logistic regression demonstrated the most stable performance (training AUC: 0.767; testing AUC: 0.768; accuracy: 0.712; F1 score: 0.667) with good calibration and clinical utility. SHAP analysis consistently identified AIP, sex, CRI-II, uric acid, and diastolic blood pressure as the most influential predictors of AO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Composite lipid indices, particularly AIP and CRI-II, are strongly associated with AO and may serve as practical indicators for identifying individuals at elevated metabolic risk. Because these indices are derived from routinely measured lipid parameters, they may support scalable approaches for metabolic risk screening and monitoring in both clinical and community health settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13466383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}