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الحوار الندائي وملامح الحوار القرآني Dialogues and Features of Quranic dialogue الحوارالندائيوملامحالحوارالقرآني古兰经里对话的对话和特征
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.a1
Lubna Farah
{"title":"الحوار الندائي وملامح الحوار القرآني \u0000Dialogues and Features of Quranic dialogue","authors":"Lubna Farah","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.a1","url":null,"abstract":"The most prominent wise and eloquent method used by the Qur’an is dialogue. The Qur’an follows the method of dialogue to reach the truth for mental persuasion and self-satisfaction, the Quran contains a diverse number of dialogues including the prophet's dialogues, and the wise people's dialogues, The Qur’an follow dialogue methods, The dialogues in the Qur’an have various types of attitudes ranging from criticism, alteration, trials, and reforms whose latter samples are manifested in the prophets’ dialogue with their people, so we see the verses filled with examples and dialogue until almost we never find any surah was devoid of the dialogue of the prophets, peace be upon them, with his people. And the proves his message through dialogues. The topic of the article was chosen due to its importance and its impact on guiding and building human behaviour, because the dialogue has a strong impact on deciding religious issues, because of the importance and need of the topic in the current time to awaken the link of believers with each other. The research results concluded that the Qur’anic dialogue has great importance because it has origins and rules for conducting it with others.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128395577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ماتریدیہ مسلک کا تعارف، عقائد کے بیان کرنے میں منہج اور اس کے اثراتIntroduction to the Maturidia School of Thought, Methodology in Expressing Beliefs, and its Effects ماتریدیہ مسل کا تعارف، عقائد کے بیان کرنے میں منہج اور اس کے اثراتIntduction to Maturidia School of Thought, Methodology in Expressing Beliefs, and its Effects
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u3
Numan Anwar, Waqas Khan
{"title":"ماتریدیہ مسلک کا تعارف، عقائد کے بیان کرنے میں منہج \u0000اور اس کے اثرات\u0000Introduction to the Maturidia School of Thought, Methodology in Expressing Beliefs, and its Effects","authors":"Numan Anwar, Waqas Khan","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u3","url":null,"abstract":"Allah Almighty used revelation as a source of guidance for man which was revealed to the prophets and also endowed man with sound intellect. But one thing must be kept in mind in recognizing the beliefs, principles, and branches of religion, the revelation should be given primary status and intellect should be given secondary status and it should not be made the ruler. We see after the first century that many sects emerged, some of which made revelation the only standard and some the only intellect. The disadvantage of this disruption was that the sects began to quarrel with each other and the goal of defending one's own sect became real. At the same time, another sect emerged, founded by Abu Al۔ Mansur Maturidi, who gave intellect and revelation their own place in the interpretation of religion. The present study gives a brief overview of the Maturidia sect, its principles and rules in the expression of beliefs, their views on various issues, and its effects on the Muslim Ummah. As a result, the opinion of the Maturidia sect is moderate and appropriate. They do not use too much Inflation and deflation in expressing their beliefs. Moreover, this sect has left a profound intellectual impact on the Muslim Ummah which we see in the present era also.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
جہالت ِ راوی کے مصداق اور حکم میں محدثین و اصولیین کا منہج و اسلوبMethod and Style of Muḥaddithīn and Uṣūliyyīn regarding the Meaning and Ruling of Obscurity of the Narrator
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u2
Habib Ur Rehman
{"title":"جہالت ِ راوی کے مصداق اور حکم میں محدثین و اصولیین کا منہج و اسلوب\u0000Method and Style of Muḥaddithīn and Uṣūliyyīn regarding the Meaning and Ruling of Obscurity of the Narrator","authors":"Habib Ur Rehman","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u2","url":null,"abstract":"The obscurity of the narrator is one of the reasons for defamation in the narrator, on the basis of which the narrator is deprived of the status of acceptance. There is a difference of opinion among Muḥaddithīn and Uṣūliyyīn as to its meaning and there is also a difference in ruling on the basis of this. According to the Muḥaddithīn, obscurity depends on the number of narrators narrating from a narrator, and according to the Ḥanafī Uṣūliyyīn, it depends on the number of narrations. Therefore, if two or more narrators narrate from a narrator, he will go out of obscurity, while according to the Ḥanafī Uṣūliyyīn, if only one or two narrators narrate from him, it is a sign that he is not associated with this science.\u0000In the rule of obscure narrator’s narration, Ḥanafī Uṣūliyyīn consider the era, so basically, the narration of an obscure narrator at an early age is acceptable except that there is another reason for not considering it. On the contrary, the obscure narrator is unreliable from the point of view of the Muḥaddithīn unless there is some evidence to dispel his obscurity. The point of view of Mutakallimīn is close to that of the Muḥaddithīn in this regard.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133117668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
عرف و عادت بطور ماخذ قانون فقہ اور وضعی قوانین کا تقابلی مطالعہCustom as a Source of Law – A Comparative Study of Islamic Law of Jurisprudence and Man-Made Laws
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u11
Hafiz Salahuddin, Abdul Khaliq
{"title":"عرف و عادت بطور ماخذ قانون فقہ اور وضعی قوانین کا تقابلی مطالعہ\u0000Custom as a Source of Law – A Comparative Study of Islamic Law of Jurisprudence and Man-Made Laws","authors":"Hafiz Salahuddin, Abdul Khaliq","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u11","url":null,"abstract":"Law is a basic human need without which an orderly, civilized life is impossible. therefore, the concept of law is found in all times and places. A study of history reveals that two types of laws have been prevalent in the world i.e., Man-made laws and Divine law.\u0000This research paper analyses the comparative study of Fiqh and Man-made laws in the context of \"Custom as a source of law\" through Islamic Law of Jurisprudence literature and Non-Muslim thinkers' ideas. The study concludes that Man-Made laws are promulgated to protect the interest and ideologies of a few people in a specific context rather than to provide justice to all sections of society as put by non-Muslim thinkers while Islamic law is based on the sacred commands of Allah and His Messenger. The history of fourteen centuries bears witness to the fact that jurists made preeminent struggles to make clarification difficulties confronted by Muslims according to the need of all times and places, it made the repertoire of Islamic law unparalleled. And it guarantees the observance of customs that do not contradict the shariah texts.\u0000In short, in this article, custom and custom are presented as the source of jurisprudence and it is discussed in such a way that they can be implemented in the laws of the present day.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125711585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Islamic Scholarship on Social Peace and Class Inequalities in Education: Mapping Contemporary Patterns by Abductive Reasoning and Islamic Injunctions 关于社会和平和教育中的阶级不平等的伊斯兰学术:通过溯因推理和伊斯兰禁令绘制当代模式
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.e3
M. Zulqarnain, Qasim Azzam Bhutta
{"title":"Islamic Scholarship on Social Peace and Class Inequalities in Education: Mapping Contemporary Patterns by Abductive Reasoning and Islamic Injunctions","authors":"M. Zulqarnain, Qasim Azzam Bhutta","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.e3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.e3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research paper was to analyze the nexus between social peace and class inequalities in the education system of Pakistan. Qualitative, descriptive, and abductive research techniques were employed for the collection, analysis, and demonstration of data. The review of the literature concluded that the education system in Pakistan had badly failed to establish social peace, justice, tolerance, shared respect, harmony, and cooperation. Despite different measures such as modern techniques of curriculum development, effective teaching pedagogies, huge funds, up-to-date evaluation system, this education system only promoted hatred, evils, corruption, dishonesty, lust, immorality, unfaithfulness, materialism, secularism, and irreligious attitude into the society. The research disclosed that one of the core obstacles to social peace was Class inequalities in Pakistan's education system, which gave birth to uncountable problems in the society. In this context, this article intended to examine the effects of class inequalities in education upon social peace. The author would also recommend some suggestions to get rid of this issue and make a healthy, peaceful, and peace-promoting society in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116598607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
جدید سائنس اور تعلیماتِ اسلامی کی روشنی میں کھجور کی تغذیاتی و طبی افادیت: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہNutritional and medicinal values of Date Fruit in the light of Modern Science and Islamic teachings: An Analytical Study
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u8
Abdul Manan Cheema, Farhat Naseem Alvi
{"title":"جدید سائنس اور تعلیماتِ اسلامی کی روشنی میں کھجور کی تغذیاتی و طبی افادیت: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ\u0000Nutritional and medicinal values of Date Fruit in the light of Modern Science and Islamic teachings: An Analytical Study","authors":"Abdul Manan Cheema, Farhat Naseem Alvi","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u8","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional and medicinal aspects of plants, herbs, and trees have been described in various sayings of the last prophet Hazrat Muhammad (SAW). Holy Prophet (SAW) has advised using dates again and again in His sayings because date fruit provides the body instant energy. There are several varieties of dates grown in the tropical regions of the world. As the Date Palm has economic value so it has been taken for research because of its nutritional popularity and medicinal quality in Islam. Date fruit contains carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and a significant amount of fiber. Most of the calories in dates get from carbohydrates. Fiber can improve the digestive system by preventing constipation. Dates are a source of fructose, which is a natural type of sugar found in dates and does not harm patients with diabetes. Fructose makes a great healthy substitute for white sugar in recipes due to its nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants. Date fruit is comprised of several minerals including phosphorus, iron, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. There are many different ways to use date fruit. This research paper indicates and analyzes the ingredients of date fruit from an Islamic perspective. The research work presented in this article highlights the nutritional and medicinal values of date fruit in light of Islamic teachings.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129629407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emergence of Religious Scholars of Usul al-Fiqh during Mughal-Ottoman Relations 莫卧儿—奥斯曼关系中乌苏勒-菲格宗教学者的出现
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.e1
Farooq Hassan
{"title":"Emergence of Religious Scholars of Usul al-Fiqh during Mughal-Ottoman Relations","authors":"Farooq Hassan","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.e1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.e1","url":null,"abstract":"Egypt and Hijaz (Makkah and Medina) became part of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Saleem 1, (1512-20 AD), 9th Ottoman Sultan. Sultan Sulayman the Magnificent (r. 1520-66) ruled over an intercontinental empire spread Europe, Asia, and Africa. Historical records show that the Mughal Emperors (1526-1857) had relations with Ottomans on multifarious grounds, Humayun (d.1556), 2nd Mughal Emperor, had handed over an imperial letter, addressed to Sulayman, to the shipwrecked Ottoman Admiral Sidi Ali Reis, which acknowledging the sultan as the ‘Khalifa of highest qualities’ and ‘adorner of the throne of the khalifa’. Diplomatic Indian-Ottoman relations (1526-1923) provided breeding grounds for fresh ideas, free flow of information, and production of great works in Usul al-Fiqh by Indian Muslim scholars. A significant number of Indian scholars visited and lived in the Ottoman Central Lands, gained knowledge, came back, and shared this knowledge of Usul al-fiqh with local Shari’a scholars and students. Shaykh Ahmed, known as Mulla Jeevan, a Hanafi Indian scholar (d.1717), went to Hijaz and wrote a remarkable book (Nurul Anwar Sharh ul-Manar), which is still included as an essential part of the syllabus in almost all religious schools (madrasa) of sub-continent. This work is based on qualitative, historical, archival, and descriptive research that discusses the Indian-Ottoman shared legacy of Usul al-fiqh and contains the authors’ brief treaties in chronological order.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131817396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
عقد رہن کی معاصر اطلاقات کا شرعی جائزہ Shariah Analysis of Modern Applications of the Pledge Contract عقدرہنکیمعاصراطلاقاتکاشرعیجائزہ教法分析现代应用程序的质押合同
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u5
Moazzum Shah, Ghulam Hussain Babar
{"title":"عقد رہن کی معاصر اطلاقات کا شرعی جائزہ \u0000Shariah Analysis of Modern Applications of the Pledge Contract","authors":"Moazzum Shah, Ghulam Hussain Babar","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u5","url":null,"abstract":"Rahn Literally means to detain something. From shariah's point of view, Rahn is the security that can be lawfully employed for the satisfaction of claim in respect of a debt. In Rahn, real or corporeal property of material value is pledged as security of debt. This is a contract that protects the rights of parties entering into a financial agreement. On the one hand, it enables the debtor to get a loan to fulfil his financial needs by providing security to the Creditor against the debt. On the other hand, this contract protects the right of the creditor and saves him to incur a financial loss as a result of the default of the debtor in repayment of debt. In the modern banking system, where the major role of a bank is to disburse loans to the customers or to enter into credit transactions with them, the significance of Rahn contracts has increased. Therefore, there is a need to examine the rules and conditions of the Rahn contract in respect of its modern applications. This article proceeds with a discussion on the basic concept, rules, and conditions of the Rahn contract in different Fiqh schools of thought. The second part focuses on the modern applications of the Rahn contract. The last part of this study consists of the conclusion and findings of this article. The study found that it is allowed to pledge shares and ownership documents to use them as collateral in a debit transaction. Moreover, it is also allowed for the creditor to ask for an insured item or good to secure his debt.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132651262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
اجتماعی دائرے میں ترقی کا مفہوم اور حیثیت: اسلام اور مغربی نظریات کا تقابلی مطالعہTotalitarian View of Progression: A Study in Islamic and Western Perspectives
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u7
Muhammad Naeem Javaid, Sajid Iqbal Sheikh
{"title":"اجتماعی دائرے میں ترقی کا مفہوم اور حیثیت: اسلام اور مغربی نظریات کا تقابلی مطالعہ\u0000Totalitarian View of Progression: A Study in Islamic and Western Perspectives","authors":"Muhammad Naeem Javaid, Sajid Iqbal Sheikh","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u7","url":null,"abstract":"Progression and development are a phenomenon that is somehow possessed by human nature. This paper aims to elaborate on diverse views on the issue of growth in Islamic and Western perspectives. Islam in its nature and worldview believes in Devine wisdom and promotes the concept of success in this world and the world hereafter. Islamic injunctions regarding development and growth do not limit to this world only, so the whole scenario of Islamic civilization rounds the view of eternal happiness as a broader concept. On contrary, Western concepts are totally opposing Islamic doctrine. We are quite unable to find religious discourses in the Western scope of success and growth. This paper depicts that as a dominant civilization, Western values have been impacting the whole world but it is totally contradicting Islamic values. Applying the discourse analysis method this study concludes that Islam as a comprehensive religion presents solutions regarding all walks of life including social, economic, political, psychological, etc. Which is totally against the nature of the Western domain.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114453939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
اسلام کا اقتصادی نظام، اہداف، وسائل اور خصوصیاتEconomic System of Islam, Goals, Resources and Features
Al-Wifaq Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u12
Hafiz Sultan Mehmood, Muhammad Madni
{"title":"اسلام کا اقتصادی نظام، اہداف، وسائل اور خصوصیات\u0000Economic System of Islam, Goals, Resources and Features","authors":"Hafiz Sultan Mehmood, Muhammad Madni","doi":"10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v4i2.u12","url":null,"abstract":"Islam's economic system is in harmony with nature and it is the only solution to all economic problems because this system is not the result of the mental efforts of experienced economists but this economic system has been proposed by Allah Almighty. Therefore, this system is the only economic system that is the real source of economic peace for the whole world.\u0000Economics is a part of Islam and the Islamic economic system encompasses all aspects of life; it is impossible to separate it from other branches of Islam.\u0000This article outlines the sources, goals, and characteristics of the Islamic economic system, which will pave the way for the reader to follow a path that leads to ease and prosperity as well as peace of mind and success in this world and the hereafter.","PeriodicalId":180417,"journal":{"name":"Al-Wifaq","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124137873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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