Legal and Criminological Psychology最新文献

{"title":"(MIS)measuring cognitive load and arousal in deception: A multitrait–multimethod analysis","authors":"Ryan Lahay,&nbsp;Amy-May Leach,&nbsp;Brian L. Cutler,&nbsp;Lyndsay R. Woolridge,&nbsp;Elizabeth Elliott","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12299","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cognitive load and arousal are cornerstones of many deception detection strategies and theories; in turn, their effective measurement is critical. However, fundamental criteria for establishing the quality and accuracy of measures have largely been overlooked. In this study, we examined the reliability and construct validity of common cognitive load and arousal measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We obtained three independent secondary datasets in which participants (<i>N</i> = 238) had lied or told the truth about witnessing a suspicious event. Using a multitrait–multimethod analysis, we assessed three measures of their cognitive load and arousal: participants' self-reports, trained coders' observations, and objective behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although all measures were reliable, they achieved differing levels of validation. Specifically, measures of cognitive load showed evidence of convergent validity, but not discriminant validity. There was no empirical support for the construct validity of arousal measures.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that inconsistencies in the diagnosticity of cues to deception and theory support may be attributable to the measures employed. Researchers may not be assessing constructs of interest, particularly in the case of arousal.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applicability and validity of the reaction time-based concealed information test in a prison sample","authors":"Julian Haberler,&nbsp;Kristina Suchotzki,&nbsp;Maria Meinhardt,&nbsp;Matthias Gamer","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12277","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12277","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) can be used to reveal crime-related memories based on an analysis of response latencies in a computerized task. While laboratory research shows high validity of the RT-CIT in student samples, only very few studies have been conducted with forensic target groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We investigated the applicability and validity of the RT-CIT in prison inmates and examined the influence of a response deadline (RD) on RT-CIT validity. In a within-subjects design, participants memorized a criminal activity and subsequently underwent two identical RT-CITs differing only in the length of the RD (2000 ms vs. 1000 ms). In the first experiment, the 2000 ms condition was always presented first and in the second experiment the order was switched.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Results revealed large effect sizes and classification accuracies with both RDs and strong order effects with larger effects in the respective first RD conditions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In sum, the RT-CIT has the potential for detecting concealed knowledge in forensic settings and even a relatively demanding RD of 1000 ms seems feasible for such samples. Further research should extend this investigation of the RT-CIT in forensic settings, preferably investigating the effects of faking attempts and increasing the ecological validity of the research design.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"112-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgent issues and prospects on investigative interviews with children and adolescents","authors":"Victoria Talwar,&nbsp;Angela M. Crossman,&nbsp;Stephanie Block,&nbsp;Sonja Brubacher,&nbsp;Rachel Dianiska,&nbsp;Ana Karen Espinosa Becerra,&nbsp;Gail Goodman,&nbsp;Mary Lyn Huffman,&nbsp;Michael E. Lamb,&nbsp;Kamala London,&nbsp;David La Rooy,&nbsp;Thomas D. Lyon,&nbsp;Lindsay C. Malloy,&nbsp;Lauren Maltby,&nbsp;Van P. Nguyen Greco,&nbsp;Martine Powell,&nbsp;Jodi Quas,&nbsp;Corey J. Rood,&nbsp;Sydney D. Spyksma,&nbsp;Linda C. Steele,&nbsp;Zsofia Szojka,&nbsp;Yuerui Wu,&nbsp;Breanne Wylie","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12269","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While there has been considerable research on investigative interviews with children over the last three decades, there remains much to learn. The aim of this paper was to identify some of the issues and prospects for future scientific study that most urgently need to be addressed. Across 10 commentaries, leading scholars and practitioners highlight areas where additional research is needed on investigative interview practices with youths. Overarching themes include the need for better understanding of rapport-building and its impact, as well as greater focus on social-cultural and developmental factors and the needs of adolescents. There are calls to examine how interviews are occurring in real-world contexts to better inform best practice recommendations in the field, to find means for ensuring better adherence to best practices among various groups of practitioners, and to understand their importance and impact when not followed, including by those testifying in courts. All reflect the need to better address that recurring challenge of reliably and consistently eliciting accurate and credible information from potentially reluctant young witnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"61-82"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of growth trajectories in communication skills on juvenile recidivism","authors":"Lin Liu","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12270","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increasing numbers of children with behaviour problems in school are recognized as having language and communication difficulties. However, communication limitations have not been assessed adequately as a risk factor for juvenile recidivism. The aim of this study was to examine how changes in communication skills impacted subsequent engagement in crime among youth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four waves of longitudinal data of youth who were placed in juvenile justice residential facilities were used for the study. Group-based trajectory and multivariate regression analyses were used to investigate how the growth trajectories of communication skills impacted recidivism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Group-based trajectory analysis revealed heterogeneous growth in communication skills among residential youth. More interestingly, the scale of growth predicted recidivism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study extends an understanding of juvenile aggression and criminal offences by underlining communication limitation issues as a focal predictor of recidivism. Sufficient resources are needed for the development, evaluation and implementation of intervention programmes to help youth overcome limitations in communication.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"92-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes towards the penal system, ideology and dark traits","authors":"Miguel Clemente,&nbsp;Pablo Espinosa,&nbsp;Ana Cerezo,&nbsp;J. Alonso Aguilar-Valera,&nbsp;Patricia Bello-San-Juan,&nbsp;Claudia Karina Guevara-Cordero,&nbsp;Carlos José Quintero-Cárdenas,&nbsp;Oscar Ulises Reynoso-Gonzáles,&nbsp;Laura Ferreiros","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12268","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examines the relationship between dark personality traits and attitudes towards punishment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Considering the evidence, we propose two hypotheses to be tested in this study: Of four dark tetrad traits, Machiavellianism will be the most strongly related to punitiveness (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance); high scores in conservatism/right-wing ideology will be positively related to deterrence, incapacitation, desert and moral balance attitudes. People with a liberal/left-wing ideology will score higher in restorative justice and rehabilitation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study sample was composed of 1552 participants from Spain and Latin America (Mexico, Colombia and Peru). Participants responded to an adaptation of penal attitudes scale, the Short Dark-Tetrad Questionnaire and a political ideology scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results indicated that among demographic characteristics, ideology was the best predictor of penal justice attitudes, whereas Machiavellianism surpassed other dark traits as a predictor.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No previous research examined how De Keiser et al. scale of attitudes towards criminal justice relates to dark personality and ideology. This research shows that dark personality predicts punitiveness and how Machiavellianism plays a relevant role. Future research could also combine Big-Five ‘bright personality’ variables and since Dark Personality variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the four dark personality traits, Machiavellianism is the strongest predictor of all punitiveness penal attitudes (deterrence, incapacitation, desertion and moral balance). Conservative/right-wing ideology is related to punitive attitudes; however, rehabilitation and restorative justice were unrelated to ideology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"83-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141926418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial to special issue on direct replications in legal and criminological psychology","authors":"Ewout H. Meijer,&nbsp;Bruno Verschuere","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12267","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12267","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perils of methods that detect lies 70% of the time: A reply to Ben-Shakhar and Verschuere (2024)","authors":"Tim Brennen,&nbsp;Svein Magnussen","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12266","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ben-Shakhar and Verschuere (2024) commented on Brennen and Magnussen's (2023) review of the literature on lie detection. They argued that the review's conclusion that such methods are not ready for forensic use is too pessimistic and that they already are in use worldwide. While we agree that many jurisdictions do in fact use such methods, we see this as cause for alarm rather than confirmation of their utility. It is documented that several lie detection methods distinguish to a statistically significant degree between deceitful and truthful statements, but they also have substantial error rates. This means that applying them at the level of the individual statement will frequently be misleading, making them unsuited to guiding police investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"29 2","pages":"128-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationships between criminal self-efficacy factors and recidivism","authors":"Jamie Ung,&nbsp;Caleb D. Lloyd","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12265","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Criminal self-efficacy</i>, an antisocial belief representing positive appraisal of one's capabilities to enact crime, is theorized to drive criminal behaviour, but few measures exist. Our aim was to re-validate one measure of criminal self-efficacy by re-testing its ability to predict recidivism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used <i>Criminal Self-efficacy Scale-15</i> scores from 353 people on community corrections orders measured up to three times.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Confirmatory factor analysis revealed three latent factors we called <i>criminal connections</i>, <i>physical violence</i>, and <i>criminal expertise</i>. Cox regression survival analysis demonstrated that only <i>physical violence</i> scores predicted recidivism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The three factors provide a meaningful conceptual basis for future attempts to develop measures of criminal self-efficacy that improve on the limitations of current measures. More broadly, there is a need to understand how specific antisocial beliefs such as criminal self-efficacy are related to criminal behaviour.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"29 2","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of probation officer procedural justice, low self-control, and recidivism after release from prison","authors":"Thomas Baker,&nbsp;Matthias van Hall,&nbsp;James V. Ray,&nbsp;Paul Nieuwbeerta,&nbsp;Anja J. E. Dirkzwager","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12264","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12264","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"29 2","pages":"181-194"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar rates of denial in NICHD and control interviews with alleged child abuse victims in the Netherlands","authors":"Charlotte A. Bücken,&nbsp;Ivan Mangiulli,&nbsp;Brenda Erens,&nbsp;Corine de Ruiter,&nbsp;Henry Otgaar","doi":"10.1111/lcrp.12261","DOIUrl":"10.1111/lcrp.12261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the current study, we investigated whether denial and avoidance rates differed statistically significantly based on the interview protocol used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We examined 38 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) interview transcripts, and 30 control transcripts from interviews from an earlier study (<i>Applied Cognitive Psychology</i>, 2022, <b>36</b>, 7) conducted with alleged child victims of abuse at Dutch child protection services.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We detected 57 denial and 282 avoidance statements across the 68 interviews. No statistically significant differences emerged between (1) the proportion of denials using NICHD (42%, <i>n</i> = 16/38) and control interviews (30%, <i>n</i> = 9/30), and (2) the average number of denial statements between NICHD (<i>M</i> = 0.84) and control interviews (<i>M</i> = 0.83). Furthermore, denials (and avoidances) were not more or less likely to occur in response to certain types of questions, even though the majority of denials in our sample occurred in response to option-posing questions (60%, <i>n</i> = 34/57). Denials did occur statistically significantly less often within the first half of the individual interviews in NICHD than in control interviews.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings call attention to the difficulties child protection services face in investigative interviews with alleged child victims.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18022,"journal":{"name":"Legal and Criminological Psychology","volume":"29 2","pages":"166-180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/lcrp.12261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}