Lasers in Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Clinical study on the effectiveness of laser combined with topical tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma.","authors":"Junlong Wang, Hongyu Luo, Xiaoling Zhao, Chengcheng Wang, Fang Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04639-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04639-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted aimed at investigating the effectiveness of combined laser and topical tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma. A total of 160 melasma patients treated in the dermatology department at the author's hospital from May 2021 to October 2022 were randomly assigned to a control group (laser treatment only, n = 80) and an observation group (combined laser and topical tranexamic acid, n = 80). General patient information was collected, and clinical analysis of melasma area and depth scores was performed before and after treatment. After treatment, the observation group showed significantly smaller melasma area and depth compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Skin quality scores post-treatment were higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). Upon re-examination at the 6th and 12th month, the observation group exhibited smaller melasma areas than the control group (P < 0.05), indicating superior long-term control. The observation group had a lower incidence of side effects (P < 0.05), higher rates of both very satisfied and totally satisfied patients (P < 0.05), and lower dissatisfaction rates (P < 0.05) than the control group. Combined laser and topical tranexamic acid treatment is significantly more effective than laser treatment alone in reducing melasma area and depth, minimizing side effects, and improving patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on \"Immunomodulatory effects of photobiomodulation: a comprehensive review.","authors":"Cheng-Chiang Chang, Yu-He Li, Hsin-Hung Chen, Shu-Fen Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04635-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04635-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-Spectrum phototherapy in hair loss management: a systematic review of wavelength-dependent mechanisms, clinical efficacy, and future directions.","authors":"Wei Feng Zhang, Hao Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04616-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04616-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alopecia is a complex condition with profound social and psychological implications, creating an urgent need for safe and effective therapeutic interventions. This review introduces a novel \"Wavelength-Penetration Depth-Targeting Mechanism\" model to clarify the multi-level regulatory effects of full-spectrum phototherapy (spanning from ultraviolet to mid-infrared wavelengths) on hair follicle regeneration. Unlike traditional treatments such as drugs and surgery, phototherapy provides non-invasive, wavelength-specific modulation of key pathways. Specifically, UVB/UVA selectively induce apoptosis of T cells, thereby restoring immune privilege in alopecia areata (AA). Red light activates mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, promoting dermal papilla cell proliferation and inhibiting the progression of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and fibrosis in scarring alopecia. Short-wavelength near-infrared light enhances hair follicle angiogenesis and metabolic activity by penetrating deep tissues. Long-wavelength near-infrared and mid-infrared light can induce minimally invasive wound healing responses. Despite progress in clinical applications across different spectral bands, several challenges remain unresolved, including narrow therapeutic windows, variable patient responses, and limited tissue penetration. These factors collectively represent bottlenecks for the advancement of full-spectrum phototherapy. Future research directions encompass artificial intelligence-driven parameter optimization (e.g., dual-network deep learning for real-time hair follicle monitoring), collaborative strategies (e.g., dual-wavelength synergy and the use of optical clearing agents to enhance light transmission efficiency), and the integration of multi-dimensional efficacy evaluation. This review elucidates the significance and future development potential of phototherapy as a precise and non-invasive treatment modality, while also delineating feasible pathways for transitioning from mechanistic insights to clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of laser-photobiomodulation different irradiation parameters on macrophages (RAW 264.7) inflammatory mediators' production.","authors":"Guilherme Aparecido Monteiro Duque da Fonseca, Denise Carvalho Roxo, Mariana Moreira Figueira, Rodrigo Scherer, Igor da Silva Brum, Lucio Frigo, Marcio Fronza","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04614-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04614-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Macrophages are pivotal cells in the inflammatory process, and their functions can be modulated by laser irradiation. However, there is no consensus in the literature about Laser-photobiomodulation (L-PBM) parameters that are more suited to stimulate or inhibit them. The goal of this research is to contribute to the understanding of the effects of different L-PBM protocols on inflammatory mediators' production/inhibition and cell viability of macrophage cells in vitro.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The macrophages cells (RAW 264.7) were divided into two groups: LPS-stimulated (Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli) and non-LPS-stimulated. Each group was subdivided into non-irradiated and irradiated groups. The irradiated group was further divided into: 660 nm, 1 J, 10s; 660 nm, 2 J, 20s; 660, 3 J, 30s; 808 nm 1 J, 10s; 808 nm, 2 J, 20s; 808, 3 J, 30s groups. To all groups and subgroups, a negative (non-irradiated) group was added. All groups and subgroups were evaluated for cell viability, Nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α (TNF-α) production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that macrophages irradiated at 660 nm and 808 nm, operating in 1 J, 10s; 2 J, 20s and 3 J, 30s did not change NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production nor cell Viability in non-LPS groups. However, in LPS-stimulated macrophages, a significant stimulatory effect on NO production was observed after laser-irradiation with 660 nm for 2 J, 20s. This NO-stimulatory effect was not observed in the 880 nm irradiated group. LPS-activated macrophages and L-PBM irradiation at 660 nm and 808 nm also resulted in significant inhibitory effects on TNF-α and IL-6 production after 2 J, 20s irradiation. However, TNF-α and IL-6 inhibition using 1 J, 10s was achieved only in 660 nm group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggested that, if other parameters are fixed, time and related fluence/energy delivery are important dimensions to consider in L-PBM-production/inhibition on the inflammatory mediators tested. The NO synthesis was more prone to be modulated by a specific wavelength (660 nm) and a broader time-range inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 was observed in 660 nm groups. Cell viability was not changed in any parameter tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of laser monotherapy in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars: A look at the carbon dioxide laser. A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Christophe Abi Zeid Daou, Nohra Ghaoui, Lana Ghzayel, Krishna Patel","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04594-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04594-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser monotherapy in treating HS and keloids compared to other laser treatments. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane databases for studies comparing fractional CO2 laser therapy to other laser treatments for hypertrophic scars and keloids. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics, assessing Vancouver Scar Scale scores, percent improvement in scar characteristics, and patient satisfaction. The search yielded 8,656 articles, with seven studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Analysis included 404 patients with 506 scars. The meta-analysis showed that CO2 laser treatment resulted in significantly better mean VSS scores and percent improvement compared to other lasers. However, there were no significant differences in color, pliability, height, or vascularity improvements and patient satisfaction rates. Fractional CO2 laser therapy is effective in improving the appearance of HS and keloids, with superior outcomes in VSS scores compared to other lasers. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore combination therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of 808 nm diode laser hair reduction in Sudanese women with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI.","authors":"Rania Mamoun Ali Mohammed, Shaza Mohammed Yousif, Ali A S Marouf","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04634-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-025-04634-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Unwanted hair growth can cause significant cosmetic and psychosocial distress, particularly in women with darker skin types, for whom safe and effective long-term hair reduction options are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of 808 nm diode laser hair reduction in Sudanese women with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI, with a focus on documenting adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective clinical study, ten Sudanese women with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI underwent three sessions of 808 nm diode laser hair reduction (20 W, 12 mm spot size, 8-9 J/cm² fluence, 36 ms pulse width, 1 Hz frequency) with integrated sapphire cooling. Treatments targeted the underarm (n = 6) and chin (n = 4) areas at three-week intervals. Efficacy was assessed by quantifying hair reduction, while safety was evaluated through systematic documentation of adverse effects. Patient satisfaction was measured using a 10-point Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After three treatment sessions, the mean hair reduction was 57.9% (range 45.7-66.7%) in the underarm group and 56.7% (range 45.5-70.8%) in the chin group. Hair texture changed from coarse to fine, and skin at treated sites appeared smoother and lighter. Side effects were minimal and transient: one patient (skin type VI) reported pain during the first session, and one developed a mild, superficial blister at 9 J/cm², with no further complications after fluence adjustment. No cases of keloid formation, scarring, wound infection, prolonged erythema, purpura, or pigmentary changes were observed. All patients (100%) reported satisfaction with the treatment, attended all follow-up visits, and would recommend the procedure; 80% rated their results as excellent (> 6/10), and 20% as good (4-6/10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 808 nm diode laser is a safe and effective modality for hair reduction in Sudanese women with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI, producing high satisfaction and minimal side effects. These findings provide valuable evidence for the use of diode lasers in darker-skinned populations, who are traditionally at higher risk for laser-related complications. Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up is recommended to optimize treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of combined 1927 nm thulium fiber laser and supramolecular salicylic acid in photoaging treatment.","authors":"Simeng Qiao, Ziyun Gao, Mengyao Yang, Min Zhu, Weihui Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04611-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04611-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser (TFL) has been shown to be effective in improving skin appearance by reducing pigmentation and loss of elasticity caused by photoaging. Supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) has been utilized for chemical peeling with rejuvenation effect. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined TFL and SSA treatment for photoaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six patients with moderate-to-severe photoaging were enrolled and the two sides of the participants' face were randomly assigned to receive 30% SSA combined with TFL or TFL monotherapy. TFL was administered to both sides of the face on four occasions at four-week intervals, while the side receiving combined treatment additionally underwent eight chemical peels of 30% SSA fortnightly, supplemented by daily applications of 2% SSA. For the TFL-alone side, an equivalent dose of a placebo preparation was applied. The photographs, photoaging scores, melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), skin hydration, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), dermal thickness, elasticity index, and skin rebound time were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined TFL and SSA treatment was significantly more effective in reducing photoaging scores than TFL treatment alone. The average reduction in photoaging scores was 10.51% for the combined treatment group and 7.26% for the TFL-only group (P < 0.001). The combined therapy enhanced skin parameters including MI, EI, hydration, and TEWL, along with ultrasound-measured dermal thickness, elasticity index, and skin resilience post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The synergistic application of 1927 nm fractional thulium fiber laser and SSA for photoaging treatment has been demonstrated to be both effective and safe.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective laser trabeculoplasty positively impacts long-term intraocular pressure fluctuation in untreated open-angle glaucoma patients.","authors":"Frederico de Miranda Cordeiro, Maria Betânia Lemos, Ricardo Y Abe, Heloísa A Maestrini, Guilherme B Guedes, Marcelo M Nascimento, Tiago Santos Prata","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04620-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04620-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to investigate the influence of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), as a primary treatment option, on long-term (between visits) intraocular pressure (IOP) variation parameters in eyes with ocular hypertension (OH) or open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This multicenter, real-world data based, retrospective study consecutively enrolled untreated patients that had undergone a single SLT treatment and had a minimum follow-up of 24 months post-SLT. All included patients had to have at least 3 IOP measurements before (within 90 days) the SLT procedure. Patients requiring any glaucoma medication or procedure during the follow-up were excluded. Main outcome measurements were the comparison between pre and post-SLT IOP variation parameters (mean, peak and IOP fluctuation), based on data collected from each follow-up visit. Among 835 patients that had undergone SLT between January 2011 and December 2020, 67 eyes from 67 patients (mean age, 60.5 ± 16.8 years) fulfilled all study inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. After 24 months of follow-up, mean baseline IOP was significantly reduced from 19.1 ± 2.9 mmHg to 13.6 ± 2.1 following SLT (IOP change, 29%; p < 0.001). Regarding IOP variation parameters, mean baseline IOP peak was significantly reduced from 20.7 ± 3.5 mmHg to 15.1 ± 2.5 mmHg (IOP change, 27%; p < 0.001). In addition, mean baseline IOP fluctuation (based on within subject standard deviation values) was significantly reduced from 1.8 ± 0.1 mmHg to 1.2 ± 0.1 mmHg (IOP change, 33%; p < 0.001). Our results, derived from real world data, suggest that SLT not only effectively reduces mean IOP values, but also positively impacts (by approximately 30%) both IOP fluctuation and peak. Even though our findings provide additional support for the use of SLT on clinical practice, they certainly warrant confirmation by a prospective study.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of 1550-nm Non-Ablative fractional laser for neck rejuvenation.","authors":"Hanie Babaie, Faezeh Khorasani Zadeh, Maedeh Ansari, Zeinab Aryanian, Amirhossein Rahimnia, Amir Hooshang Ehsani, Ala Ehsani, Pedram Noormohammadpour, Safoura Shakoei, Zahra Razavi","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04600-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04600-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was designed to determine the efficacy and safety of a 1550nm non-ablative fractional (NAFL) diode laser for neck skin rejuvenation. Both internal and external factors can cause the neck to age, leading to the development of wrinkles, laxity, and volume loss. Neck is more challenging to treat with conventional ablative methods due to its decreased vascularity and fewer adnexal structures. Although there is little information on the effectiveness of the 1550 nm NAFL for neck rejuvenation, it provides a minimally invasive option for reducing wrinkles and improving skin texture. Nineteen female patients aged 35-55; having moderate to severe neck wrinkles (WSRS scores 2-4), and Fitzpatrick skin types I-IV were enrolled. Patients underwent three monthly session of 1550-nm NAFL (Frax Pro™). Standardized photos were evaluated by dermatologists blinded to the study, using the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS). Changes in dermal and hypodermal thickness and elasticity were measured using shear wave elastography and high-frequency ultrasound. Three months after the last treatment session, patient satisfaction was measured. The treatment resulted in a significant clinical improvement in neck wrinkles. A significant shift in WSRS scores from severe/very severe to moderate levels (p < 0.001) happened. Dermal thickness increased significantly from 1.15 ± 0.20 mm to 1.30 ± 0.23 mm (p < 0.001), while hypodermal thickness decreased from 7.69 ± 2.06 mm to 6.57 ± 1.71 mm (p = 0.003). Dermal and hypodermal elasticity did not significantly change. The average patient satisfaction score was 6.68 ± 1.49 out of 10. Other than temporary erythema and edema, there were no significant side effects. The 1550-nm NAFL offers a minimally invasive, safe, and effective neck skin rejuvenation option with a short recovery period. It is capable of enhancing dermal thickness and wrinkle severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of photodynamic therapy with various photosensitizers for peri-implantitis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.","authors":"Xin Li, Hang Liu, Lian Yang, Yiming Ji, Dingli Feng, Ruiqi Shao, Guanhua Zhang, Shichen Lin, Shaoyu Duan, Xue Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10103-025-04612-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10103-025-04612-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To systematically evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in treating peri-implantitis and compare the effectiveness of various photosensitizers based on randomized clinical trials. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, incorporating data from PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CNKI up to December 31, 2024. Randomized clinical trials that assessed the efficacy of photodynamic therapy with various photosensitizers for peri-implantitis were included. Primary outcomes included bleeding on probing, probing depth, plaque index, clinical attachment level, crestal bone loss, and bleeding index. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome to quantify the effect size. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. 13 randomized clinical trials involving 678 participants were included in the analysis. Photodynamic therapy significantly improved several clinical outcomes compared to controls: bleeding on probing (SMD = -0.49, 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.09), probing depth (SMD = -1.49, 95% CI: -2.31 to -0.66), plaque index (SMD = -1.11, 95% CI: -1.98 to -0.25), and crestal bone loss (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.17). Subgroup analyses revealed that Toluidine Blue was the most effective photosensitizer, showing superior improvements across multiple outcomes. Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for peri-implantitis, particularly when using Toluidine Blue, which consistently outperformed other photosensitizers in improving clinical outcomes. These findings provide strong evidence for integrating photodynamic therapy into peri-implantitis management protocols, offering a promising, minimally invasive alternative to conventional treatments. Future studies should focus on optimizing photodynamic therapy protocols, assessing long-term outcomes, and evaluating its effectiveness in diverse patient populations.Clinical trial number: PROSPERO (CRD42024600326).</p>","PeriodicalId":17978,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Medical Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"359"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}