Lasers in Surgery and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Exportable Model of a Pro-Bono Laser Tattoo Removal Clinic: Guidelines for Clinicians Seeking to Make an Impact in Their Communities.","authors":"Eryn Patin, Kathyana P Santiago Mangual, Sepideh Ashrafzadeh, Neha Kinariwalla, Christina Marcelus, Paul M Friedman, Arianne S Kourosh","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70066","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photochemical Crosslinking as an Adjunct for Repairing Corneal Perforations in Rabbits.","authors":"Honghu Jiang, Lu Zhu, Lanting Yang, Hongyuan Ren, Yan Yu, Jingyin Zhu","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the efficacy and tolerability of Rose Bengal-induced photochemical crosslinking (RB-PCL) as an adjunct to suturing for corneal perforation repair in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 4.5 mm corneal wound was created in New Zealand White Rabbits (right eyes), followed by suturing and RB-PCL treatment using 532 nm green light (0.6 W/cm²) and 0.01% RB photosensitizer. A control group received sutures alone. Healing was evaluated at Weeks 1, 2, and 4 using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), RT-PCR for α-SMA gene expression, and immunofluorescence for myofibroblast activation. Histopathological changes were assessed via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, and corneal endothelial cell counts were taken to assess cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RB-PCL accelerated suture removal by Day 5, while sutures in the control group required longer retention. At Weeks 1 and 2, RB-PCL demonstrated lower inflammation and reduced corneal opacity. By Weeks 2 and 4, α-SMA expression was significantly reduced in the RB-PCL group, indicating reduced myofibroblast activation and fibrosis. H&E staining showed complete healing in the RB-PCL group by Week 2, whereas the control group had incomplete repair. By Week 4, the RB-PCL group had better fiber arrangement, while the control group showed persistent fibrosis. Immunofluorescence confirmed reduced α-SMA expression in the RB-PCL group. No retinal damage was observed, and endothelial cell counts were similar between groups, indicating RB-PCL's tolerability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RB-PCL improved corneal wound healing, reduced fibrosis and opacity, and allowed earlier suture removal without phototoxicity. These results suggest RB-PCL is a promising adjunct for corneal perforation repair, enhancing both efficacy and tolerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond Laser Ablation Behaviors of Bovine Bone With High Ablation Rate and Low Damage.","authors":"Daisun Wang, Guohu Luo, Yongxiang Hu, Zijie Lu","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The utilization of ultrafast lasers in bone material ablation is of paramount importance in minimally invasive surgical procedures. While ultrafast lasers are precise, achieving high efficiency and low thermal damage in bone ablation remains challenging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study investigates the ablation behaviors of bovine bone (storage in water) under different defocus distances using a femtosecond laser under ambient air conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of bone canaliculi on the ablated surface indicates that the microstructure of the bone is well-preserved during laser ablation. The surface morphology and ablation area far beyond the heat-affected zone indicate that mechanical forces, rather than thermal effects from the femtosecond laser, were the primary factor in bone removal. The laser fluence and the overlap rate are pivotal in determining the ablation rate, which can be expressed in terms of cumulative laser fluence. The use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a Raman spectrometer has revealed that no thermal damage occurs during laser ablation when the laser parameters are appropriately adjusted. It has been demonstrated that excessive cumulative laser fluence can result in thermal damage during continuous ablation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ablation method achieves a rate of 1.2 mm³/s with no thermal damage, which is comparable to that of the Er: YAG laser. The study thus establishes a threshold for a process that removes bone material with a high ablation rate and minimal damage, using a femtosecond laser.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate Tissue Responses to Multipulse Low Fluence Laser Treatment in a Chorioallantoic Membrane Model of Port Wine Birthmarks.","authors":"Cemre Busra Turk, James Childs, Ilya Yaroslavsky, Gregory Altshuler, R Rox Anderson, Yakir S Levin","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The standard Port Wine Stains (PWS) treatment involves using single pulse high fluence (SPHF) laser therapy, which often leads to discomfort and requires multiple sessions. According to the Arrhenius theory, employing multiple pulses with low fluence (MPLF) that have lower peak power could potentially reduce pain while still achieving the therapeutic goals. This study aims to explore the potential of MPLF at 530 nm in achieving the desired clinical endpoints in treating PWS. Additionally, it seeks to validate the predictions of the Arrhenius theory regarding thermal denaturation against empirical data, utilizing established kinetic parameters.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We evaluated vascular responses to SPHF and MPLF approaches using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and a 530 nm customized fiber laser. Vascular changes were observed with a digital microscope, and temperature was monitored with a thermal camera during irradiation through a 3 × 3 mm spot at 9-10 ms pulse durations, targeting stable coagulum and vessel collapse. First, we established the SPHF threshold, then applied MPLF at 20%-75% of this fluence with a pulse duration of 9-10 ms and a repetition rate of 0.1 or 0.2 Hz (corresponding to 1 pulse every 10 or 5 s, respectively). Additionally, we used the Arrhenius theory with specific kinetic parameters to predict and validate thermal damage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that both SPHF and MPLF approaches effectively achieved clinical endpoints. Stable coagulum formation was successful at a fluence of 4.2 J/cm² with a pulse width of 10 ms under SPHF. Similarly, MPLF achieved stable coagulum at a lower fluence of 2.2 J/cm², with the thrombus forming after 16 pulses and enlarging by the 32nd pulse. Vessel collapse was also noted at a fluence of 10.8 J/cm² in the SPHF regime and at 5.9 J/cm² with MPLF, with early closure observed after the fourth pulse and completion by the sixteenth. Surface temperature measurements indicated a minor rise following laser exposure, which quickly returned to near baseline levels. Using two sets of activation energies, the Arrhenius model predicted the extent of vessel denaturation and informed the number of pulses required to reach the damage threshold, indicating a lower slope and thus easier damage accumulation with MPLF below the SPHF threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence that using MPLF laser treatment at 530 nm with fluences ranging from 50% to 70% of the SPHF threshold can effectively induce stable coagulum and vessel collapse within the CAM model while maintaining baseline temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145125012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficacy of Low-Energy Delicate Pulsed Light and Q-Switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser in the Treatment of Post-Acne Erythema: A Prospective Randomized Split-Face Study.","authors":"Hongshan Liu, Luyue Zhang, Ziyun Gao, Jingchen Liang, Yuxin Ma, Youbao Li, Jing Liu, Weihui Zeng","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Post-acne erythema (PAE), a common consequence of acne, is characterized by capillary dilation and erythema, which significantly impact facial aesthetics and quality of life. This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light (DPL) and 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser in treating PAE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, randomized, self-controlled, evaluator-blinded clinical trial compared DPL and 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatments on one side of the face, with biweekly sessions for 6 weeks. Patients were assessed during the treatment period using the VISIA 6.0 system, CEA scale, GAIS, and skin physiological parameters. Photographs were taken before and after each session, and adverse reactions and pain were recorded. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, with p-values < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 26 patients were enrolled, all completing follow-up. Both treatments significantly reduced PAE lesions (p < 0.001) compared with baseline, with the DPL group showing more significant improvement from Week 8. After six treatments, both groups showed significant reductions in erythema index and red zone area (p < 0.001), with no significant differences between the groups (p > 0.05). The DPL group had significantly lower CEA scores at week 8 (p < 0.043), but no significant difference was found at Week 12. Both treatments improved wrinkles (p < 0.001), with the Nd:YAG group showing better skin elasticity recovery (p = 0.044). GAIS scores indicated significant improvement in both treatments. Patient satisfaction was 92.31%, with the DPL group slightly higher. No pigmentation or depigmentation was observed, ensuring good safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both DPL and low-dose Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser effectively treat PAE. DPL yields better early results, while Q-switched Nd:YAG laser improves skin retraction more effectively. Both are safe, well-tolerated options for PAE therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Shaping and Skin Appearance Improvement in the Abdomen and Flanks by Radiofrequency Technology.","authors":"Alejandra Fernández Santos, Alejandra Iglesias Fernández, Lorena Suárez Fernández, Leticia Huergo Zapico, Susana Valero Freitag","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Symmed radiofrequency (RF)-based device (Termosalud Inc., Gijón, Spain) in body contouring and skin appearance improvement treatments for abdomen/flanks.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Eight sessions of Symmed RF were performed in 15 volunteers' abdomen/flanks. Sessions were conducted every 72/96 h. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the device, photographs, body contours, and ultrasound scans of dermal echogenicity, and adipose tissue thickness were taken at baseline and after the treatments. Additionally, a blind evaluation of the photographic results was conducted. Data regarding the satisfaction level of the participants was also obtained through a customized survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the follow-up visit, significant reductions of 2% in body circumference and 9% in fat thickness were detected in the abdomen/flanks. These effects were accompanied by a significant 12% increase in dermal echogenicity, related to skin collagen content and organization. Furthermore, the blind evaluation of the photographic results revealed an overall visual improvement. A high satisfaction level was reported by the participants and no severe adverse events were detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Symmed treatment is a noninvasive procedure treating skin laxity and reducing abdomen/flanks circumferences safely and effectively.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>This clinical trial is not registered in a publicly accessible database, and no clinical trial registration number is available. At the time of the investigation, the intended use for fat reduction through radiofrequency was not classified as a medical application under European legislation (COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 93/42/EEC). In accordance with Spanish and European regulations, only clinical trials evaluating medical devices are required to be registered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal Laser Therapy as a Potential Treatment Option for Postmenopausal Women With Recurrent Cystitis: Initial Experience From a Single Institution.","authors":"Hirokazu Abe, Fumihiko Urabe, Minoru Nakazono, Ayaka Kawaharada, Takahiro Kimura","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recurrent cystitis is a prevalent condition, especially among postmenopausal women, significantly impairing their quality of life. Antibiotic therapy has historically been the primary treatment; however, concerns over antimicrobial resistance have highlighted the need for alternative therapies. Vaginal laser therapy, a noninvasive approach, has shown promise in improving vaginal health and may help prevent recurrent cystitis. This study assessed the efficacy of vaginal laser therapy in reducing cystitis episodes and improving the vaginal environment among postmenopausal women with recurrent cystitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study involved 51 postmenopausal women who received vaginal laser therapy between January 2023 and July 2024. Eligible patients underwent a pretreatment phase with estriol ovules, followed by vaginal laser therapy. The Vaginal Health Index (VHI), vaginal pH, and cystoscopic findings were evaluated before and after treatment and are presented as median (interquartile range). The cystitis-free interval (CFI) was calculated to assess the duration between treatment and recurrence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median number of cystitis episodes significantly decreased from 4 (3-6) in the 6 months before treatment to 0 (0-1) in the 6 months after treatment (p < 0.001 unless stated otherwise). The median CFI was 9.2 months. The VHI score significantly improved from 10 (9-13) to 18 (15-21), and vaginal pH significantly decreased from 8.0 to 5.5. Cystoscopic assessments indicated significant improvements in the atrophy of vaginal and periurethral tissues. Only grade 1 adverse events (7.8%) were observed, including vaginal pain and dyspareunia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaginal laser therapy significantly reduced cystitis episodes and improved vaginal tissue health in postmenopausal women with recurrent cystitis. These findings suggest that this therapy may represent a promising alternative in selected patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are required to confirm these results and investigate the long-term benefits of vaginal laser therapy in managing recurrent cystitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Cutaneous Collagenous Vasculopathy With Pulsed Dye Laser.","authors":"Hannah L Hanania, Isabella Camacho-Hubbard, Zeena Y Nawas","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cutaneous collagenous vasculopathy (CCV) is a rare, idiopathic microangiopathy marked by widespread telangiectasias and histologic vessel wall thickening. Due to its rarity and clinical overlap with other vascular conditions, CCV poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This report highlights the successful use of pulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy in treating a case of extensive CCV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 40-year-old woman with a decade-long history of progressive telangiectasias involving the extremities, trunk, and forearms underwent treatment with a 595-nm PDL. Six treatment sessions were conducted over 14 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient experienced significant improvement in erythema, telangiectasias, and associated discomfort, with sustained clinical response and substantial cosmetic benefit observed across all treated areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PDL is a safe and effective treatment for CCV, offering both symptomatic relief and cosmetic improvement. This case adds to limited existing literature supporting its use and highlights the importance of individualized laser parameters for optimal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"571-574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoporfin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy-Caused Skin Barrier Damage and Triggered Dermatitis in Port-Wine Stains.","authors":"Kai Chen, Yan-Yan Hu, Shan-Shan Qian, Jin-Zhao Wu, Li-Juan Cao, Lin-Lin Wang, Meng Li, Yu-Xin Xia, Qian Jiang, Hong-Ying Chen, Liu-Qing Chen, Dong-Sheng Li","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a high efficacy treatment alternative for port-wine stains (PWS) patients, and PDT also induced eczematous dermatitis in treated areas. However, the effect of PDT treatment on the prevalence and risk of dermatitis in patients with PWS have not been reported.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the association between PDT and dermatitis incidence and to investigate the mechanism of PDT-triggered dermatitis in PWS patients.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 512 PWS patients who received hemoporfin-mediated PDT treatment between June 2020 and September 2022 at the dermatology department of Wuhan No.1 Hospital were recruited in this study. Clinical images were used to calculate the percentage of dermatitis in treated areas. The arithmetic mean roughness (Ra), the average depth of roughness (Rz) and the mean square roughness (Rq) were used to assess the change of surface roughness. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration (SCH) and total lipid content (TLC) were used to analyze the skin barrier function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After treatment, we found that 27.15% (139/512) of PWS patients developed dermatitis on the treated areas, and the percentage of dermatitis was closely related to the treatment times and age of the patient. Moreover, these treated areas also exhibited markedly increased skin roughness (Ra, Rz, Rq; p < 0.05) and impaired barrier function, evidenced by significantly elevated TEWL and TLC (p < 0.05) and reduced SCH (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PDT caused skin barrier dysfunction in PWS patients, which may lead to increased permeability of the epidermis and contribute to the dermatitis development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"575-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography Enables the Depth-Resolved Measurement of Cilia Beat Frequency in Ex Vivo Human Fallopian Tubes.","authors":"Dilara J Long, Tian Xia, Photini F Rice, Deirdre M Scully, Makayla Johnson, Ryan Mistifer, Andrea Aguirre, John M Heusinkveld, Irina V Larina, Jennifer K Barton","doi":"10.1002/lsm.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The movement of cilia in the fallopian tubes (FTs) facilitates important processes involved in fertility, and abnormalities in cilia function are linked with diseases including endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease. For the first time, we demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to create depth-resolved mapping of motile cilia locations and quantify cilia beat frequency (CBF) in human FT samples ex vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Segments of the FT ampulla were acquired from five patients following salpingectomy under an IRB approved protocol. The samples were longitudinally opened to expose the luminal surface for imaging. A sequence of at least 500 OCT images were acquired at 5-10 locations on each sample. To define the location of the motile cilia in the images, pixel-wise Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of intensity fluctuations with a sliding temporal window was performed on each image sequence. The frequencies corresponding to the physiological range of CBF (2-10 Hz) were selected for mapping, while the part of the FFT spectrum at higher frequencies (> 23 Hz) was used to define the noise threshold. The frequency with the highest FFT amplitude for each supra-threshold pixel was considered the CBF for this pixel and used to create a color-coded CBF map. The CBF map was overlaid with the OCT intensity image sequences to reveal cilia locations. Frequency histograms from the sliding window were examined to assess temporal consistency of the mapping and evaluate movement artifacts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCT image sequences clearly showed the structure of FT plicae. The ciliated epithelium was obvious as a \"shimmering\" (rapidly changing intensity) layer atop plicae. Colored pixels on CBF maps visually aligned to these shimmering regions. Frequency histograms revealed that the image sequence peak CBF could be robustly determined, even in the presence of outliers attributable to table vibrations or bulk sample movement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OCT can provide depth-resolved maps of CBF in human ex vivo FT tissue. Potentially, this technique can aid in understanding cilia dynamics in the normal human FT over the menstrual cycle and across age, as well as in diseases that affect the FTs. Future work will be directed toward in vivo implementation including miniaturization and robust motion compensation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"598-607"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}