Lasers in Surgery and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Novel 40 µm spot size 3050/3200 nm DFG laser versus CO2 laser for laser-assisted drug delivery","authors":"Parita T. Suwan MD,&nbsp;Ga Ram Ahn MD, PhD,&nbsp;Roger Sumner MSc,&nbsp;Dilip Paithankar PhD,&nbsp;Ilya V. Yaroslavsky PhD,&nbsp;Gregory Altshuler PhD,&nbsp;Valeriya Arkhipova PhD,&nbsp;Dieter Manstein MD, PhD,&nbsp;Michael Wang-Evers PhD","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23755","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23755","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of ablative fractional lasers to enhance the delivery of topical drugs through the skin is known as laser-assisted drug delivery. Here, we compare a novel 3050/3200 nm difference frequency generation (DFG) fiber laser (spot size: 40 µm) to a commercially used CO₂ laser (spot size: 120 µm). The objective is to determine whether differences in spot size and coagulation zone (CZ) thickness influence drug uptake.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fractional ablation was performed on ex-vivo human abdominal skin with the DFG (5 mJ) and CO₂ (12 mJ) lasers to generate 680 µm deep lesions. To evaluate drug delivery, 30 kDa encapsulated fluorescent dye was topically applied to the skin and histologically analyzed at skin depths of 100, 140, 200, 400, and 600 µm. Additionally, transcutaneous permeation of encapsulated and 350 Da nonencapsulated dye was assessed using Franz Cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DFG laser generated smaller channels (diameter: 56.5 µm) with thinner CZs (thickness: 22.4 µm) than the CO₂ laser (diameter: 75.9 µm, thickness: 66.8 µm). The DFG laser treated group exhibited significantly higher encapsulated dye total fluorescence intensities after 3 h compared to the CO₂ laser treated group across all skin depths (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Permeation of nonencapsulated dye was also higher in the DFG laser treated group vs the CO₂ laser treated group after 48 h (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), while encapsulated dye was not detected in any group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The DFG laser treated skin exhibited significantly higher total fluorescence uptake compared to the CO₂ laser. Additionally, the smaller spot size and thinner CZ of the DFG laser could result in faster wound healing and reduced adverse effects while delivering similar or greater amount of topically applied drugs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"186-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lsm.23755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of hypopigmented burn hypertrophic scars with short-term topical tacrolimus does not lead to repigmentation","authors":"Esteban A. Molina MS,&nbsp;Taryn E. Travis MD,&nbsp;Lou'ay Hussein BS,&nbsp;Mary A. Oliver BS,&nbsp;John W. Keyloun MD,&nbsp;Lauren T. Moffatt PhD,&nbsp;Jeffrey W. Shupp MD,&nbsp;Bonnie C. Carney PhD","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23754","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23754","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Dyschromia is an understudied aspect of hypertrophic scar (HTS). The use of topical tacrolimus has successfully shown repigmentation in vitiligo patients through promotion of melanogenesis and melanocyte proliferation. It was hypothesized that HTSs treated with topical tacrolimus would have increased repigmentation compared to controls.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methodology&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Full-thickness burns in red Duroc pigs were either treated with excision and meshed split-thickness skin grafting or excision and no grafting, and these wounds formed hypopigmented HTSs (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 8). Half of the scars had 0.1% tacrolimus ointment applied to the scar twice a day for 21 days, while controls had no treatment. Further, each scar was bisected with half incurring fractional ablative CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; laser treatment before topical tacrolimus application to induce laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD). Pigmentation was evaluated using a noninvasive probe to measure melanin index (MI) at Days 0 (pretreatment), 7, 14, and 21. At each timepoint, punch biopsies were obtained and fixed in formalin or were incubated in dispase. The formalin-fixed biopsies were used to evaluate melanin levels by H&amp;E staining. The biopsies incubated in dispase were used to obtain epidermal sheets. The ESs were then flash frozen and RNA was isolated from them and used in quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for melanogenesis-related genes: Tyrosinase (TYR), TYR-related protein-1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT). Analysis of variance test with Šídák's multiple comparisons test was used to compare groups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Over time, within the grafted HTS and the NS group, there were no significant changes in MI, except for Week 3 in the −Tacro group. (+Tacro HTS= pre = 685.1 ± 42.0, w1 = 741.0 ± 54.16, w2 = 750.8 ± 59.0, w3 = 760.9 ± 49.8) (−Tacro HTS= pre = 700.4 ± 54.3, w1 = 722.3 ± 50.7, w2 = 739.6 ± 53.2, w3 = 722.7 ± 50.5). Over time, within the ungrafted HTS and the NS group, there were no significant changes in MI. (+Tacro HTS= pre = 644.9 ± 6.9, w1 = 661.6 ± 3.3, w2 = 650.3 ± 6.2, w3 = 636.3 ± 7.4) (−Tacro HTS= pre = 696.8 ± 8.0, w1 = 695.8 ± 12.3, w2 = 678.9 ± 14.0, w3 = 731.2 ± 50.3). LADD did not lead to any differential change in pigmentation compared to the non-LADD group. There was no evidence of increased melanogenesis within the tissue punch biopsies at any timepoint. There were no changes in TYR, TYRP1, or DCT gene expression after treatment.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Hypopigmented HTSs treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment w","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"175-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139472554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of nonablative monopolar radiofrequency in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris","authors":"Woraphong Manuskiatti MD,&nbsp;Supisara Wongdama MD,&nbsp;Noldtawat Viriyaskultorn MD,&nbsp;Jayne Bernadeth Li MD,&nbsp;Kanokvalai Kulthanan MD,&nbsp;Thanya Techapichetvanich MD","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23757","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23757","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Acne vulgaris (AV) is a prevalent skin condition known for its potential to cause scarring and psychological distress, often leading to diminished self-esteem. While topical and oral treatments are commonly prescribed, some patients experience treatment failure, adverse effects, or contraindications to conventional therapies. In response to these challenges, laser and energy-based device therapies have emerged as promising alternatives for individuals who fall into these categories, showing considerable potential in the treatment of AV.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of a nonablative monopolar radiofrequency (NMRF) in treatment of moderate to severe AV.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twenty-four patients with moderate to severe AV underwent a series of two NMRF treatment sessions, spaced 4 weeks apart. To evaluate treatment outcomes, live in-person lesion counts and measurements of pore size and volume, and sebum production were quantified using Antera® 3D imaging system, and Sebumeter®, respectively. Patients' self-assessment data regarding degree of improvement and facial oiliness were gathered. Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) questionnaire was utilized to assess the impact of AV on their quality of life. All objective and subjective evaluations were conducted at the baseline, 1 month after the first treatment, and during follow-up visits 1, 3, and 6 months after the last treatment sessions. Adverse effects were also recorded during each visit.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Twenty out of the 24 subjects completed the study protocol. The mean inflammatory lesion counts significantly reduced by 42.86% and 45.71% from the baseline at 3 (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027) and 6 months (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.032) after the second treatment. Sebum excretion likewise significantly decreased from baseline by 11.62% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.012), 13.37% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), and 21.51% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004), 1 month after the first treatment, 1 and 6 months after the second treatment, respectively. The pore volume continued to decrease by 35% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and 41.5% (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) at 1 and 6 months following the final treatment, respectively. The DLQI significantly decreased from 10.00 (interquartile range [IQR]: 6.50−15.00) to 2.00 (IQR: 1.00−4.75), corresponding to 80% improvement of the index, 1 month after the last treatment and was sustained up to the last follow-up visit. Patients' self-assessments on degree of improvemen","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lsm.23757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the 2024 special dermatology plastic surgery issue","authors":"Emily Wenande MD, PhD,&nbsp;Merete Haedersdal MD, PhD, DMSc","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23753","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23753","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"5-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139098141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography for in vivo visualization of morphological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma in a murine model","authors":"Uffe H. Olesen PhD,&nbsp;Camilla Foged MD,&nbsp;Kevin Jacobsen MD,&nbsp;Vinzent K. Ortner PhD,&nbsp;Gabriella Fredman MD,&nbsp;Uwe Paasch PhD,&nbsp;Merete Haedersdal PhD, DMSc","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23750","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23750","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-invasive imaging with line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) can support the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through visualization of morphological characteristics specific to skin cancer. We aimed to visualize prominent morphological characteristics of SCC using LC-OCT in a well-established murine SCC model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nine hairless mice were exposed to ultraviolet radiation three times weekly for 9 months to induce SCC development. Visible SCC tumors (<i>n</i> = 9) were imaged with LC-OCT and the presence of 10 well-described morphological characteristics of SCC were evaluated in the scans by two physicians with adjudication by a third.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, murine morphological characteristics resembled corresponding features previously reported in human SCCs. Interrupted dermal-epidermal junction occurred in 100% of tumors. In epidermis, the most frequently observed characteristics were severe epidermal dysplasia (100%) and tumor budding (89%). Common dermal characteristics included broad strands (100%) and collagen alterations (78%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LC-OCT imaging can be used to non-invasively visualize morphological characteristics specific to SCC in an in vivo preclinical model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal wound healing following infrared laser irradiation at the wavelengths of 1.319 and 10.6 μm","authors":"Congling Zhou MSc,&nbsp;Yixue Yin MSc,&nbsp;Jiarui Wang PhD,&nbsp;Ziqi Ren MSc,&nbsp;Luguang Jiao PhD,&nbsp;Li Zhong PhD,&nbsp;Zaifu Yang PhD","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23749","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23749","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the wound healing of rabbit cornea following infrared laser irradiations at the wavelengths of 1.319 and 10.6 μm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Twelve New Zealand rabbits were selected to establish a corneal injury model. The right and left eyes were irradiated with a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser at the wavelength of 1.319 μm (140 J/cm²) for 0.7 s and a CO₂ laser at the wavelength of 10.6 μm (5.94 J/cm²) for 0.14 s, respectively. The incident spot diameter was 3 mm. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to monitor injuries at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 30 h, 36 h, 42 h, 48 h, 54 h, 60 h, 66 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 3 m, and 6 m postexposure. Meanwhile, slit-lamp microscopy and histopathology were performed at 6 h, 24 h, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, 3 m, and 6 m postexposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After the two types of infrared laser injuries, distinct white circular lesions on the corneal surface were directly observed. Deeper corneal injury, more severe edema, and faster migration of new epithelium were found for the wavelength of 1.319 μm, compared to the wavelength of 10.6 μm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>OCT combined with histopathology and slit-lamp microscopy can clearly observe the dynamic process of corneal wound healing after infrared laser irradiation. The damage characteristics for the two different wavelengths were visibly different, but the whole wound healing process was similar. The obtained results may provide references for the diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of laser-induced damages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"218-225"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138715081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic elastography, a new era showing the improvement of episiotomy scar treated with Er:YAG laser, a case-series","authors":"Cemal Tamer Erel,&nbsp;Mert Urfalioglu MD,&nbsp;Rauf Hamid MD,&nbsp;Osman Aykan Kargin MD,&nbsp;Ipek Betul Ozcivit Erkan MD,&nbsp;Elif Bayraktar MD,&nbsp;Ibrahim Adaletli,&nbsp;Ozge Askin","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23748","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138806602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image: Volume 55 Issue 10","authors":"Arsham Hamidi PhD,&nbsp;Yakub A. Bayhaqi PhD,&nbsp;Sandra Drusová PhD,&nbsp;Alexander A. Navarini MD, PhD,&nbsp;Philippe C. Cattin PhD,&nbsp;Ferda Canbaz PhD,&nbsp;Azhar Zam PhD","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23751","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover micrograph: The cover image is based on the Basic Science Article Multimodal feedback systems for smart laser osteotomy: Depth control and tissue differentiation by Arsham Hamidi et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23732.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"55 10","pages":"i"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lsm.23751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138634164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral effects and enhancement quantification in healthy human saliva with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver nanopillar substrates","authors":"Esmat Zamani BEng,&nbsp;Nassim Ksantini MSc,&nbsp;Guillaume Sheehy MSc,&nbsp;Katherine J. I. Ember PhD,&nbsp;Bill Baloukas PhD,&nbsp;Oleg Zabeida PhD,&nbsp;Tran Trang BSc,&nbsp;Myriam Mahfoud MEng,&nbsp;Jolanta-Ewa Sapieha PhD,&nbsp;Ludvik Martinu PhD,&nbsp;Frédéric Leblond PhD","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23746","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23746","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for biofluid applications is limited by low inelastic scattering contributions compared to the fluorescence background from biomolecules. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can increase Raman scattering signals, thereby offering the potential to reduce imaging times. We aimed to evaluate the enhancement related to the plasmonic effect and quantify the improvements in terms of spectral quality associated with SERS measurements in human saliva.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dried human saliva was characterized using spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and SERS. A fabrication protocol was implemented leading to the production of silver (Ag) nanopillar substrates by glancing angle deposition. Two different imaging systems were used to interrogate saliva from 161 healthy donors: a custom single-point macroscopic system and a Raman micro-spectroscopy instrument. Quantitative metrics were established to compare spontaneous RS and SERS measurements: the Raman spectroscopy quality factor (QF), the photonic count rate (PR), the signal-to-background ratio (SBR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SERS measurements acquired with an excitation energy four times smaller than with spontaneous RS resulted in improved QF, PR values an order of magnitude larger and a SBR twice as large. The SERS enhancement reached 100×, depending on which Raman bands were considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-point measurement of dried saliva with silver nanopillars substrates led to reproducible SERS measurements, paving the way to real-time tools of diagnosis in human biofluids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"206-217"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lsm.23746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of lithotripsy efficiency and stone retropulsion displacement according to pulse characteristics of Ho: YAG laser with Moses effect","authors":"Kanghae Kim PhD,&nbsp;Young-Seok Seo PhD,&nbsp;Phil-Sang Chung MD, PhD,&nbsp;Joo Beom Eom PhD","doi":"10.1002/lsm.23743","DOIUrl":"10.1002/lsm.23743","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background and Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared to the conventional Ho: YAG laser, a Ho: YAG laser device has been reported that has a Moses effect to reduce stone retropulsion and increase lithotripsy efficiency. The principle of this equipment is to convert a single laser pulse into two pulses. Most studies on such lasers are limited to lithotripsy efficiency and the prevention of stone retropulsion; studies according to each pulse condition have not been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the bubble shape, lithotripsy efficiency, and stone retropulsion displacement in a ureteral phantom according to the modulation of the first pulse characteristics of the Moses effect laser under conditions that maintained the total energy and repetition rate.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Material and Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In this study, a Ho: YAG laser system (Holinwon Pro, Wontech Inc., Korea) with an emission wavelength of 2.10 μm and a Moses effect was used. To verify the Moses effect based on the changes in the pulse, a water tank was fabricated, and the ureteral phantom was manufactured in a structure that could be easily installed in the water tank. Additionally, a spherical artificial stone in the ureteral phantom was prepared by mixing calcined gypsum (Cacinated Gypsum) and water at a ratio of 3:1. In the ureteral phantom, a high-speed camera (FASTCAM NOVA S12, Photron Inc.) and visible light were used to record pulse-dependent image analysis of bubbles and stone retropulsion.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Result&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;After mounting the artificial stone in the ureteral phantom, the pulse duration and energy of the first pulse of the Moses effect laser were varied; 30 laser shots for 3 s at a repetition rate of 10 Hz were applied to quantify the lithotripsy efficiency and stone retropulsion displacement, and the experimental values were compared. The fragmentation efficiency was confirmed by measuring the mass before and after the laser pulse application, the original position of the stone retropulsion displacement, and the distance moved. The minimum value of stone retropulsion displacement appeared when the pulse duration of the first pulse was 300 μs, the pulse energy was 100 mJ, and the value was approximately 0.28 mm. The highest fragmentation efficiency was observed under the same conditions, and the mass loss of the artificial stone at that time was approximately 3.7 mg.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Quantitative indices, such as lithotripsy efficiency and stone retropulsion displacement, were confirmed using ultrahigh-speed cameras to determine the effect of the first","PeriodicalId":17961,"journal":{"name":"Lasers in Surgery and Medicine","volume":"56 2","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}