Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly最新文献

{"title":"Features of the interrelation of resilience and value orientations of the personality of youth prone to deviant behavior in the form of attitude to aggressive behavior, in the perspective of the problem of amok and shooting","authors":"Aleksey A. Oschepkov, Elena N. Piskunova, V. Salakhova","doi":"10.20339/am.11-23.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.11-23.031","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the study of the given problem is conditioned by transformations of social-normative structures of the modern world, generating the appearance of new forms of violence. One of such forms became the phenomenon of unmotivated attacks of pupils and students on their peers and teachers with the use of weapon, obtained the name of amok and shooting. Due to this, the given article is directed to theoretical-methodological justification of the study of amok and shooting, because the direct study of the given phenomenon is related to the restrictions of ethical character. With this in mind, the study of amok and shooting is possible on the basis of dispositional concept of personality, because it lets reveal the social-psychological projections of amok and shooting of dispositional character. The leading method of the given study became the psychological testing of systems of value orientations and resilience of personality. The sample of the study is presented by students of the age of 20–22 years of Dimitrovgrad engineering-technological institute — branch of NRNU MEPhI. Thus, it was conducted the empirical study of the features of systems of value orientations and resilience of personality of youth with high and low level of proneness to aggressive behavior. As a result, it was revealed that youth with high level of proneness to aggressive behavior has the statistically significant low mark of the component of resilience ‘Spirituality, meaning the low level of meaningfulness of own vital activity. The given result lets conduct the justified experimental study of influence of level of life meaningfulness of young people to level of proneness to aggressive behavior. In its turn, the given study will contribute to development of knowledge about phenomenon of amok and shooting and to elaboration of psychological-pedagogical technologies of school-shooting preventing.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139292109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer gambling addiction and identity crisis: A socio-philosophical perspective","authors":"A. Petrakova","doi":"10.20339/am.11-23.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.11-23.025","url":null,"abstract":"Gambling addiction as a social problem is becoming more and more relevant in conditions of almost complete transition of society to digital ways of interaction, when people spend most of their working and personal time on the Internet. The author considers computer game addiction as a factor affecting the processes of personal identification and self-identification. This is due to the fact that, immersed in a virtual gaming environment, a gamer has the opportunity to independently form his identity, using a game character and transferring its external data, attributes, character, habits and other parameters, ultimately on himself. In addition, interaction in the network community of players also does not require the demonstration of a real image, practically not limiting the player in the choice of means of personal identification. In the article, the author identified the signs of computer game addiction, including complete immersion in the game, inability to control their behavior during the game and immediately after leaving it, inability to manage time, loss of connection with reality, transformation of goals and interests, leading to an increase in aggression, implementation of antisocial behavior patterns, destruction of social ties and almost complete loss of skills of constructive interpersonal interaction. Substitution of values, loss of moral ideas and guidelines, inability to empathy, aggression, increased anxiety, isolation, decline in general intellectual level — these are not all the consequences of computer game addiction. According to the author, the prevention of cybernetic gambling addiction requires active information work with the population, as well as the development of a mechanism of legal regulation of online gambling.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139305560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive assessment in certification procedures for students and graduates","authors":"Aleksei A. Malygin","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.039","url":null,"abstract":"The competency-based approach, which today serves as the basis for the design and implementation of educational programs for the training of professional specialists, provides a certain set of competencies formed by students and graduates (universal, general professional, professional) as learning outcomes. It is possible to assess competencies as latent characteristics only in activity. This latent characteristic, which is the reason why students and graduates are able to perform professional tasks, is the goal of measurement. But in practice, observable assessments of abilities or skills for performing quasi-professional tasks are obtained, according to which conclusions about the level of formation of latent competencies are made. In turn, the implementation of the competency-based approach involves a change in approaches to assess learning outcomes, since it is impossible to talk about obtaining objective (reliable), comparable (valid) and reliable information about achieved learning outcomes and the level of competency formation. This gives rise to the need to refer to a mixed (biparadigm) methodology of educational measurements, on the one hand, and a special mathematical apparatus of the modern test theory (Item Response Theory — IRT), designed to assess the latent parameters of the subjects and the parameters of the tasks of the assessment tools, on the other hand. The proposed approaches to the organization and conduct of certification procedures for students and graduates provide objective, comparable and reasonable results. Unlike traditional formats for conducting the state exam for the final certification of graduates, adaptive assessment is attractive from the point of view of obtaining more accurate estimates of examinees’ parameters (level of preparedness or level of competence formation) due to fewer tasks and creating a “success situation” for each student in the measurement process through machine algorithms selection of such tasks that he will be able to perform. IRT algorithms based, for example, on the maximum likelihood method, make it possible to implement the humanistic ideas of control and evaluation activities. To implement any of the described adaptive approaches in the intermediate or final certification, the following conditions must be met: availability of a bank of calibrated tasks with stable characteristics (difficulties, differentiating ability) or algorithms for their cloning; availability of computer programs or software and instrumental environment (service, platform) that use one or more selected IRT models that help achieve the highest possible measurement accuracy when assessing the level of preparedness or the formation of student competencies; availability of specifications for assessment tools that ensure the meaningful validity of the measurement results. From a didactic point of view, the latter condition is especially important, since in order to obtain objective and comparable results during certifi","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121867549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitude and perception of sociology students and undergraduates towards their chosen profession and future career","authors":"F.Yu. Kushnarev","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.078","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the attitude of sociology students towards their chosen specialty and future profession. The author conducted a sociological study among students studying sociology in leading universities of the country. It was found that girls, unlike boys, rely on the advice of their family, relatives, and friends when choosing their field of study and university. It was also established that master's students, unlike undergraduate students, rely primarily on the advice of friends and acquaintances when choosing their field of study and university, rather than the opinions of their family and relatives. Only about one third of the students believe that the profession of ‘sociologist’ is in demand on the job market. Thus, the majority of students believe that the knowledge, skills, and abilities obtained in the university correspond to the requirements of the modern market. It has been found that the quality of education in the university affects the attitude towards the chosen specialty and future profession. The lower the quality of teaching at the university, the more likely it is that the sociology student will become disappointed in the chosen specialty and profession. It has been established that only a small proportion of students who (unconsciously) enrolled in the sociology program decided to work in the field after completing their studies. It has been established that male students, unlike female students, strive to secure more prestigious (status-oriented) jobs in government or municipal service after graduation, despite their lower pay. For them, status is more important than money. On the other hand, female students aim to get jobs that are not necessarily prestigious, but better paying (such as firms conducting marketing research, etc.). For senior-level students and master’s degree students in sociology, the most important aspect of their future job as a sociologist is the opportunity to influence important decisions in their region or country. First year students aspire to become sociologists mainly because it is a well-compensated profession. Measures aimed at improving career guidance activities are proposed.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134462519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specifics of motivation of higher education students’ learning","authors":"V. Musina","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.088","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the specifics of motivation for teaching university students. A compiled and tested set of psycho-diagnostic techniques for studying the characteristics of the manifestation of learning motivation in university students is described. It is shown that students with low motivation for learning, compared with students with high motivation for learning, have a number of features in the motivational sphere and personality traits. Recommendations for the psychological services of the university on the development of learning motivation among university students are presented.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114451511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parity of technical and humanitarian potentials of society as a factor of its sustainable development","authors":"Nikolay N. Gubanov","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.015","url":null,"abstract":"A thoughtful study of the historical process with all its ups and downs allows us to argue that at all turning points in the development of mankind such a characteristic feature of social consciousness as its humanitarian-instrumental dualism has clearly manifested itself. The subject of this study is interdependent and mutually complementary evolution of the two parameters of social intelligence — technical and humanitarian. Substantively the article is divided into two parts. The first discusses the possibilities of using reason in the field of morality. One of the main trump cards of ethical skeptics (non-cognitivists), D. Hume’s guillotine, is presented, and the conclusion is made that it only limits ways of justification of moral norms, but does not exclude this perspective in principle. Some of the foundations of ethical cognitivism are discussed, and a firm belief is expressed that this is the approach that needs to be cultivated by the educational system to provide a justificatory sentence to reason in the field of morality. The second part of the article is devoted to a description of various aspects of the techno-humanitarian balance model. It is shown that modernity is marked by a painful process of cultural-psychological adjustment to new information and communication technologies. Two levels of this process — global and existential — are distinguished. The role of education in mitigating the lapping and increasing its efficiency at each of these levels is assessed.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"281 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127476351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mission of the university as a response to the challenges of the time","authors":"Vitalii I. Lukashchuk","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.027","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses topical issues of the formation and transformation of the university’s mission in accordance with the needs of society in different historical epochs. It is shown that the main components of the university’s mission were and remain education, scientific research and service to society, to which other concepts were added at different times in accordance with public requests. It is noted that in the twentieth century the mission of the university was formed under the influence of significant conceptual changes in the social role of higher education associated with the transition from an elite model of university education to a mass one. It was aimed at meeting the needs of industry, producing humanitarian knowledge for the development of culture, intelligence and spirituality. It is shown that the mission of a modern university is transformed in accordance with the needs of a global society with a market economy by adding a number of other components related to economic, social and globalization factors to its classical components. It is emphasized that in the current realities, in connection with the conduct of a special military operation, the main task of university education is not only to convey information to students, but also to teach them how to work with it using modern scientific methods. The needs of modern Russian society encourage universities, in addition to scientific and educational, to fulfill a social mission.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132826565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subject training","authors":"A. V. Kupavtsev","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.050","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to act in the subject world of human existence and the cognitive world of cognition is not genetically transmitted, but is absorbed lifetime, subjectively, which is the fundamental basis of all learning. A person, filling the content with the position of personal and professional self-development, masters the social experience of activity in subject self-study. The necessary conditions for assimilating public experience in subject learning are formulated, illustrated by examples.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130716456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic freedom in Uzbekistan: Problems and prospects","authors":"S. Saidov","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.036","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern world, along with many principles of democratic development, the factor of “academic freedom” is very important. Academic freedom is used in many areas, such as education, science, research, innovation, and is generally the political culture of the society. This article provides a scholarly analysis of academic freedom in Uzbekistan, its characteristics, problems and prospects. Despite numerous positive educational reforms in recent years, academic studies and related problems remain. Attracting young people into science, developing new skills and competences and ensuring academic freedom are the urgent tasks of today. The article identifies the factors that condition academic freedom and draws scientific and practical conclusions.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133319864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of adaptation of young teachers in higher educational institutions (on the example of the Altai Territory)","authors":"Marina M. Ivanova, Artem V. Tomas, Nikita E. Rodichev","doi":"10.20339/am.08-23.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20339/am.08-23.064","url":null,"abstract":"Professional formation of a personality is a multi-level process that covers a long period of human ontogenesis from the origin of professional interests to the completion of professional activity. One of the most important stages, largely determining the success of professional development, is adaptation to professional activity. Adaptation is the process of “entering” a profession, mastering the knowledge, skills, and skills necessary for its mastery. The problem of professional adaptation is of scientific interest from the perspective of various disciplines: pedagogy, psychology, sociology, vocational guidance, acmeology, etc. The conducted research is based on systematic and interdisciplinary approaches. In this article, the authors carried out a theoretical analysis of the problem of adaptation of young teachers, identified and characterized the main types of adaptation: social, psychological, professional. The article contains the results of a sociological study related to the adaptation of young teachers in higher educational institutions of the Altai Territory. The results of the study made it possible to identify the problems that complicate the adaptation of young teachers at the university. These problems fully reflect the realities of the modern system of higher professional education. The conducted research may be of scientific interest, first of all, for students at the stage of completion of professional education, young teachers, as well as for scientists whose sphere of interests includes professional personal development.","PeriodicalId":179308,"journal":{"name":"Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114004045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}