Korean Journal of Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Pediatric Neck CT at Nine University Hospitals in South Korea.","authors":"Jisun Hwang, Hee Mang Yoon, Jae-Yeon Hwang, Young Hun Choi, Yun Young Lee, So Mi Lee, Young Jin Ryu, Sun Kyoung You, Ji Eun Park, Seok Kee Lee","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0689","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for pediatric neck CT based on age, weight, and water-equivalent diameter (WED) across multiple university hospitals in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed pediatric neck CT examinations from nine university hospitals, involving patients aged 0-18 years. Data were categorized by age, weight, and WED, and radiation dose metrics, including volume CT dose index (CTDI_vol) and dose length product, were recorded. Data retrieval and analysis were conducted using a commercially available dose-management system (Radimetrics, Bayer Healthcare). Local DRLs were established following the International Commission on Radiological Protection guidelines, using the 75th percentile as the reference value.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1159 CT examinations were analyzed, including 169 scans from Institution 1, 132 from Institution 2, 126 from Institution 3, 129 from Institution 4, 128 from Institution 5, 105 from Institution 6, 162 from Institution 7, 127 from Institution 8, and 81 from Institution 9. Radiation dose metrics increased with age, weight, and WED, showing significant variability both within and across institutions. For patients weighing less than 10 kg, the DRL for CTDI_vol was 5.2 mGy. In the 10-19 kg group, the DRL was 5.8 mGy; in the 20-39 kg group, 7.6 mGy; in the 40-59 kg group, 11.0 mGy; and for patients weighing 60 kg or more, 16.2 mGy. DRLs for CTDI_vol by age groups were as follows: 5.3 mGy for infants under 1 year, 5.7 mGy for children aged 1-4 years, 7.6 mGy for ages 5-9 years, 11.2 mGy for ages 10-14 years, and 15.6 mGy for patients 15 years or older.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Local DRLs for pediatric neck CT were established based on age, weight, and WED across nine university hospitals in South Korea.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiofrequency Ablation for Recurrent Thyroid Cancers: 2025 Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology Guideline.","authors":"Eun Ju Ha, Min Kyoung Lee, Jung Hwan Baek, Hyun Kyung Lim, Hye Shin Ahn, Seon Mi Baek, Yoon Jung Choi, Sae Rom Chung, Ji-Hoon Kim, Jae Ho Shin, Ji Ye Lee, Min Ji Hong, Hyun Jin Kim, Leehi Joo, Soo Yeon Hahn, So Lyung Jung, Chang Yoon Lee, Jeong Hyun Lee, Young Hen Lee, Jeong Seon Park, Jung Hee Shin, Jin Yong Sung, Miyoung Choi, Dong Gyu Na","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0963","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive treatment modality used as an alternative to surgery in patients with benign thyroid nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers (RTCs), and primary thyroid microcarcinomas. The Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology (KSThR) initially developed recommendations for the optimal use of RFA for thyroid tumors in 2009 and revised them in 2012 and 2017. As new meaningful evidence has accumulated since 2017 and in response to a growing global interest in the use of RFA for treating malignant thyroid lesions, the task force committee members of the KSThR decided to update the guidelines on the use of RFA for the management of RTCs based on a comprehensive analysis of current literature and expert consensus.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"10-28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faster Acquisition and Improved Image Quality of T2-Weighted Dixon Breast MRI at 3T Using Deep Learning: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Caroline Wilpert, Hannah Schneider, Alexander Rau, Maximilian Frederic Russe, Benedict Oerther, Ralph Strecker, Marcel Dominic Nickel, Elisabeth Weiland, Alexa Haeger, Matthias Benndorf, Thomas Mayrhofer, Jakob Weiss, Fabian Bamberg, Marisa Windfuhr-Blum, Jakob Neubauer","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2023.1303","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2023.1303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare image quality features and lesion characteristics between a faster deep learning (DL) reconstructed T2-weighted (T2-w) fast spin-echo (FSE) Dixon sequence with super-resolution (T2_DL) and a conventional T2-w FSE Dixon sequence (T2_STD) for breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted between November 2022 and April 2023 using a 3T scanner. Both T2_DL and T2_STD sequences were acquired for each patient. Quantitative analysis was based on region-of-interest (ROI) measurements of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Qualitative analysis was performed independently by two radiologists using Likert scales to evaluate various image quality features, morphology, and diagnostic confidence for cysts and breast cancers. Reader preference between T2_DL and T2_STD was assessed via side-by-side comparison, and inter-reader reliability was also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total of 151 women were enrolled, with 140 women (mean age: 52 ± 14 years; 85 cysts and 31 breast cancers) included in the final analysis. The acquisition time was 110 s ± 0 for T2_DL compared to 266 s ± 0 for T2_STD. SNR and CNR were significantly higher in T2_DL (<i>P</i> < 0.001). T2_DL was associated with higher image quality scores, reduced noise, and fewer artifacts (<i>P</i> < 0.001). All evaluated anatomical regions (breast and axilla), breast implants, and bone margins were rated higher in T2_DL (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.008), except for bone marrow, which scored higher in T2_STD (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Scores for conspicuity, sharpness/margins, and microstructure of cysts and breast cancers were higher in T2_DL (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.002). Diagnostic confidence for cysts was improved with T2_DL (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Readers significantly preferred T2_DL over T2_STD in side-by-side comparisons (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T2_DL effectively corrected for SNR loss caused by accelerated image acquisition and provided a 58% reduction in acquisition time compared to T2_STD. This led to fewer artifacts and improved overall image quality. Thus, T2_DL is feasible and has the potential to replace conventional T2-w sequences for breast MRI examinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training of Radiology Residents in Macau.","authors":"Chon Man Ieong","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1062","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"8-9"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11717858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Clinical Impact of Subsolid Lung Nodules ≥6 mm During Long-Term Follow-Up After Five Years of Stability.","authors":"Jong Hyuk Lee, Woo Hyeon Lim, Chang Min Park","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0564","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the incidence and timing of late growth of subsolid nodules (SSNs) ≥6 mm after initial 5-year stability, its clinical implications, and the appropriate follow-up strategy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included SSNs ≥6 mm that remained stable for the initial five years after detection. The incidence and timing of subsequent growth after five years of stability were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Descriptive analyses were conducted to evaluate the clinical stage shift in the SSNs, showing growth and the presence of metastasis during the follow-up period. Finally, an effective follow-up CT scan strategy for managing SSNs after a 5-year period of stability was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred thirty-five eligible SSNs (211 pure ground-glass and 24 part-solid nodules) in 235 patients (median age, 63 years; 132 female) were followed for additional <1 to 181 months (median, 87.0 months; interquartile range [IQR], 47.0-119.0 months) after 5-year stability. Fourteen SSNs (6.0%) showed growth at two to 145 months (median, 96 months; IQR: 43.0-122.25 months) from the CT scan confirming 5-year stability, with the estimated cumulative incidence of growth of 0.4%, 2.1%, and 6.5% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Nine SSNs (3.8%) exhibited clinical stage shifts. No lung cancer metastases were observed. Hypothetical follow-up CT scans performed at 5, 10, and 15 years after 5-years of stability, would have detected 5 (36%), 11 (79%), and 14 (100%) of the 14 growing SSNs, along with 4 (44%), 8 (89%), and 9 (100%) of the nine stage shifts, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During a long-term follow-up of pulmonary SSNs ≥6 mm after 5-years of stability, a low incidence of growth without occurrence of metastasis was noted. CT scans every five years after the initial 5-year stability period may be reasonable.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1093-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Non-Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Should Be Noted.","authors":"Hongnan Ye","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1021","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"25 12","pages":"1100-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142751066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular Treatment With Targeted Embolization of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Single-Center Study.","authors":"Sangil Park, Kyubong Lee, Eunji Moon, Jung Cheol Park, Boseong Kwon, Deok Hee Lee, Dae Chul Suh, Yunsun Song","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0351","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of targeted embolization for cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study investigated patients with CSDAVF who underwent endovascular treatment at a tertiary hospital between October 1991 and March 2023. Treatment strategies were determined based on clinical symptoms and shunt characteristics. Targeted or non-targeted curative embolization was performed to achieve complete shunt occlusion. Initially, targeted embolization, selective occlusion of the shunted pouch while preserving the normal cavernous sinus lumen, was conducted, should that fail, non-targeted embolization was performed. In contrast, palliative embolization solely reduced shunt flow. Clinical signs, imaging characteristics, and outcomes were evaluated according to the agreed treatment strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 198 patients with CSDAVF (mean age 59.0 ± 12.1 years, 23.2% male) participated in this study. Of which, 94 patients (47.5%) were treated with targeted embolization, 75 (37.9%) with non-targeted embolization, and 29 (14.6%) with palliative treatment. For patients undergoing curative embolization, 55.7% (94/169) successfully achieved targeted embolization; this procedure was usually used to treat focal fistulas (restrictive or late-restrictive types), whereas diffuse fistulas (proliferative type) often underwent non-targeted or palliative embolization. For patients that underwent targeted embolization, the rate of complete or near-complete occlusion on immediate post-treatment digital subtraction angiography was 93.6% (88/94), with a complication rate of 2.1% (2/94), symptom improvement rate of 96.8% (91/94), and retreatment rate of 5.3% (5/94). No serious complications were reported during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When successful, targeted embolization of CSDAVF causes low rates of cranial nerve palsy, retreatment, and good clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"The Value of Non-Clinical Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Radiology Should Be Noted\".","authors":"Nicole Kessa Wee, Kim-Ann Git, Wen-Jeng Lee, Gaurang Raval, Aziz Pattokhov, Evelyn Lai Ming Ho, Chamaree Chuapetcharasopon, Noriyuki Tomiyama, Kwan Hoong Ng, Cher Heng Tan","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1073","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"25 12","pages":"1102-1103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LI-RADS: Current Status and Future Directions.","authors":"Sang Hyun Choi, Kathryn J Fowler, Victoria Chernyak, Claude B Sirlin","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0161","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a comprehensive system that uses standardized terminology, technique, interpretation, and reporting of imaging studies for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance, diagnosis, and locoregional treatment response assessment. Since its initial release in 2011, LI-RADS has evolved and expanded in scope. In this article, we discuss recent updates intended to address clinical needs and mitigate current challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"25 12","pages":"1039-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining Disease Activity and Glucocorticoid Response in Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy: Preliminary Study Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.","authors":"Hao Hu, Xiong-Ying Pu, Jiang Zhou, Wen-Hao Jiang, Qian Wu, Jin-Ling Lu, Fei-Yun Wu, Huan-Huan Chen, Xiao-Quan Xu","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0335","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the role of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) for determining the activity of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and treatment response to glucocorticoids (GCs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively enrolled 65 patients with TAO (41 active, 82 eyes; 24 inactive, 48 eyes). Twenty-two active patients completed the GC treatment and follow-up assessment, including 15 patients (30 eyes) and 7 patients (14 eyes), defined as responsive and unresponsive, respectively. Model-free (time to peak [TTP], area under the curve [AUC], and Slope_max) and model-based (K^trans, K_ep, and V_e) parameters of EOMs in embedded simplified histogram analyses were calculated and compared between groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Active patients exhibited significantly higher TTP at the 10th percentile (-10th), TTP-mean, and TTP at the 90th percentile (-90th); AUC-10th, AUC-mean, AUC-90th, and AUC-max; K^trans-10th and K^trans-mean; and V_e-10th, V_e-mean, V_e-90th, and V_e-max than inactive patients (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Responsive patients exhibited significantly lower TTP-min; higher K^trans-mean and K^trans-max; and higher K_ep-10th, K_ep-mean, and K_ep-max than unresponsive patients (<i>P</i> < 0.05). TTP-mean and V_e-mean were independent variables for determining disease activity (<i>P</i> = 0.017 and 0.022, respectively). A combination of the two parameters could determine active TAO with moderate performance (AUROC = 0.687). TTP-min and K^trans-mean were independent predictors of the response to GCs (<i>P</i> = 0.023 and 0.004, respectively), uniting which could determine the response to GCs with decent performance (AUROC = 0.821).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DCE-MRI-derived model-free and model-based parameters of EOMs can assist in the evaluation of TAO. In particular, TTP-mean and V_e-mean could be useful for determining the activity of TAO, whereas TTP-min and K^trans-mean could be promising biomarkers for determining the response to GCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1070-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}