Korean Journal of Radiology最新文献

{"title":"Contrast-Enhanced Abdominopelvic CT After Peripheral Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.","authors":"Eun Sun Choi, Jong Keon Jang","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0256","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"734-737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12235549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o in Korean Society of Radiology In-Training Examinations.","authors":"Arum Choi, Hyun Gi Kim, Moon Hyung Choi, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Youme Kim, Seung Eun Jung","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1096","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite the potential of large language models for radiology training, their ability to handle image-based radiological questions remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o in radiology resident examinations, to analyze differences across question types, and to compare their results with those of residents at different levels.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 776 multiple-choice questions from the Korean Society of Radiology In-Training Examinations were used, forming two question sets: one originally written in Korean and the other translated into English. We evaluated the performance of GPT-4 Turbo (gpt-4-turbo-2024-04-09) and GPT-4o (gpt-4o-2024-11-20) on these questions with the temperature set to zero, determining the accuracy based on the majority vote from five independent trials. We analyzed their results using the question type (text-only vs. image-based) and benchmarked them against nationwide radiology residents' performance. The impact of the input language (Korean or English) on model performance was examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GPT-4o outperformed GPT-4 Turbo for both image-based (48.2% vs. 41.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.002) and text-only questions (77.9% vs. 69.0%, <i>P</i> = 0.031). On image-based questions, GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o showed comparable performance to that of 1st-year residents (41.8% and 48.2%, respectively, vs. 43.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.608 and 0.079, respectively) but lower performance than that of 2nd- to 4th-year residents (vs. 56.0%-63.9%, all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.005). For text-only questions, GPT-4 Turbo and GPT-4o performed better than residents across all years (69.0% and 77.9%, respectively, vs. 44.7%-57.5%, all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.039). Performance on the English- and Korean-version questions showed no significant differences for either model (all <i>P</i> ≥ 0.275).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GPT-4o outperformed the GPT-4 Turbo in all question types. On image-based questions, both models' performance matched that of 1st-year residents but was lower than that of higher-year residents. Both models demonstrated superior performance compared to residents for text-only questions. The models showed consistent performances across English and Korean inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"524-531"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of C-X-C-Chemokine-Receptor-Type-4-Directed PET/CT Using [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-QHY-04 in Identifying Molecular Subtypes of Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Yuxi Luo, Kai Cheng, Jingru Liu, Jinli Pei, Shengnan Xu, Xinzhi Zhao, Shijie Wang, Kunlong Zhao, Wanhu Li, Jie Liu, Jinming Yu","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1266","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Molecular subtyping of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has major implications for prognostic relevance and treatment guidance. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of a novel tracer targeting C-X-C-chemokine-receptor-type-4 (CXCR4) for distinguishing different SCLC subtypes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-five patients with pathologically confirmed SCLC were enrolled in this prospective study. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to classify the molecular subtypes into SCLC-A, SCLC-N, SCLC-P, and SCLC-I. [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-QHY-04 PET/CT parameters were obtained, including the maximum, mean, and peak standard uptake values (SUV_max, SUV_mean, and SUV_peak, respectively) and the ratios of tumors (T) and normal tissues (NT) based on the SUV_max (T/NT). These parameters were compared among the molecular subtypes. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the performance of the parameters for distinguishing SCLC-N from other subtypes and neuroendocrine (NE) subtypes (SCLC-A and SCLC-N) from non-NE subtypes (SCLC-P and SCLC-I).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The molecular subtypes were SCLC-A (n = 17), SCLC-N (n = 6), SCLC-P (n = 7), and SCLC-I (n = 5). The SCLC-N subtype exhibited significantly higher uptake in both primary tumors and lymph node metastases than the other three subtypes (<i>P</i> < 0.05). When SCLC-N was compared with the other three subtypes combined (referred to as \"other SCLCs\"), all parameters were significantly higher in the SCLC-N group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that these parameters had high accuracy in distinguishing SCLC-N from other SCLCs (area under ROC curve: 0.868-0.948 for primary tumors and 0.783-0.888 for lymph node metastases). Compared with the non-NE group, the SUV_max, SUV_mean, and T/NT_lung were significantly higher in the NE group for primary tumors. ROC analysis showed moderate accuracy in distinguishing between the NE and non-NE groups (ROC area: 0.692-0.786 for primary tumors and 0.692-0.815 for lymph node metastases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our preliminary findings indicate that CXCR4-directed PET/CT imaging using [¹⁸F]AlF-NOTA-QHY-04 may differentiate between SCLC-N and other molecular subtypes and between NE and non-NE subtypes of SCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"26 6","pages":"593-603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of South Korean Guidelines for Approval of Large Language or Multimodal Models as Medical Devices: Key Features and Areas for Improvement.","authors":"Seong Ho Park, Geraldine Dean, Ernest Montañà Ortiz, Joon-Il Choi","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0257","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0257","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"519-523"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123075/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncover This Tech Term: Variational Autoencoders.","authors":"Advait Teli","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0073","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"616-619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior Diagnostic Yield of Core Needle Biopsy Over Fine Needle Aspiration in Diagnosing Follicular-Patterned Neoplasms: A Multicenter Study Focusing on Bethesda IV Results.","authors":"Leehi Joo, Jung Hwan Baek, Jungbok Lee, Dong Eun Song, Sae Rom Chung, Young Jun Choi, Jeong Hyun Lee","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1022","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the diagnostic outcomes of core needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) using Bethesda IV as a test-positive criterion for diagnosing follicular-patterned neoplasms in a large multicenter cohort.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 5463 thyroid nodules ≥1 cm from 4883 patients (4019 females, 864 males; mean age 53.8 years) that underwent FNA or CNB across 26 hospitals in Korea between June and September 2015. The final diagnosis in cases diagnosed as Bethesda IV (follicular neoplasm) in biopsies were confirmed by surgical pathology. The primary study outcome was the diagnostic yield, defined as the proportion of nodules with follicular-patterned neoplasms confirmed at surgery after receiving Bethesda IV results on biopsy (FNA or CNB), among all that underwent biopsy. Secondary outcomes included false referral rate (FRR) and positive predictive value (PPV). All nodules were analyzed before matching (823 and 4640 nodules for CNB and FNA, respectively) and after nodule matching in a 1:2 ratio (799 and 1571 nodules, respectively) according to age, sex, nodule size, and Korean Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (K-TIRADS) category. Additionally, the diagnostic yields of various histological subtypes of follicular-patterned neoplasms and nodule subgroups were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNB demonstrated a significantly higher diagnostic yield than FNA both before (9.0% vs. 0.5%; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and after matching (9.0% vs. 0.6%; <i>P</i> < 0.001). CNB consistently had higher diagnostic yields than FNA for most histological subtypes and all subgroups. FRR was not significantly different between the CNB and FNA groups after matching (0.4% vs. 0.1%; <i>P</i> = 0.337). The PPV was consistently greater than 90% for both methods, with no significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CNB had a higher diagnostic yield than FNA for follicular-patterned neoplasms, with no significant difference in FRR using Bethesda IV as the test-positive criterion.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"604-615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"MRI Morphometry of the Spinal Cord Depends on Several Factors That Must Be Taken Into Account When Selecting Healthy Volunteers\".","authors":"Bio Joo, Hyung Jun Park, Mina Park, Sang Hyun Suh, Sung Jun Ahn","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0190","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"622-623"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Peripheral Nerves and Fascicles of the Knee Using Double Echo Steady State Sequence at 7 Tesla.","authors":"Pinzhen Chen, Zhiming Zhen, Jing Li, Taotao Yang, Wenjing Hou, Meng Zeng, Mingshan Du, Suyi Zhou, Wei Chen, Yicheng Hsu, Bo Wang, Zhi Liu, Yi Wu, Jiafei Chen, Wei Chen","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0912","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.0912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the applicability of the double echo steady state (DESS) sequence at 7 tesla (7T) for high-resolution imaging of the peripheral nerves and fascicles of the knee.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively included 32 healthy participants (mean age 39 ± 14 years, 20 females). The patients underwent 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee using proton density turbo spin-echo fat suppression (PD-TSE FS), three-dimensional DESS (3D-DESS), and higher in-plane resolution DESS (DESS_HR) sequences. The signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the peroneal nerve (PN) and tibial nerve (TN) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) between the nerves and adjacent fat, vessels, and muscles were quantitatively measured by two readers and averaged. Five radiologists qualitatively assessed the overall image quality, pulsatile flow artifacts, and visualization of the PN and its branches, the TN, and the saphenous nerve (SN) using a five-point Likert-type scale, with the results averaged. The results of the three image sequences were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SNR for the TNs in the DESS_HR sequence were lower than those in the PD-TSE FS (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and 3D-DESS (<i>P</i> = 0.024) sequences, whereas the SNR for the PNs did not differ significantly across the three sequences. The DESS_HR sequence exhibited superior TN- or PN-to-fat and PN-to-muscle CNR values when compared with the PD-TSE FS and 3D-DESS sequences (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.016). The TN- and PN-to-vessel CNR values in the DESS_HR and PD-TSE FS sequences were higher than those in the 3D-DESS sequence (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Qualitative assessments revealed fewer pulsatile artifacts in 3D-DESS than in DESS_HR and PD-TSE FS (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with DESS_HR exhibiting fewer artifacts than PD-TSE FS (<i>P</i> = 0.035). DESS_HR excelled in visualizing the common PN, TN, and SN when compared with other sequences (<i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas 3D-DESS provided superior visualization of PN branches when compared with other sequences (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The DESS sequence at 7T MRI enhances visualization of peripheral nerves and fascicular structures around the knee.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":"26 6","pages":"581-592"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging of Peripheral Arthritis: Special Focus on Differences in Inflammatory Lesions Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis.","authors":"Takeshi Fukuda, Akira Ogihara, Shunsuke Kisaki, Mami Momose, Yoshinori Umezawa, Akihiko Asahina, Hiroya Ojiri","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0036","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2025.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Differentiating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) remains challenging, particularly when clinical and serological markers are inconclusive. Imaging provides critical insights, with MRI and dual-energy CT iodine maps highlighting key distinctions. Both conditions share inflammatory features such as capsular synovitis, tenosynovitis, and bone marrow edema. However, periarticular inflammation is often a strong indicator of PsA. This reflects their differing inflammatory targets: RA primarily involves the synovium, whereas PsA targets the enthesis. This distinction contributes to the broader bone marrow edema seen in PsA and explains inflammatory changes at the distal interphalangeal joint and dactylitis, which are characteristic of PsA but not RA. Recognizing these inflammatory patterns and distributions is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment guidance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"569-580"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123072/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance Outcomes by Imaging Methods in the First 5 Years After Breast Cancer Surgery.","authors":"Myoung Kyoung Kim, Min Su Park, Min Gyu Go, Jeong Eon Lee, Jong Han Yu, Boo-Kyung Han, Eun Young Ko, Ji Soo Choi, Jeongmin Lee, Haejung Kim, Yeon Hee Park, Eun Sook Ko","doi":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1101","DOIUrl":"10.3348/kjr.2024.1101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the outcomes of imaging methods (mammography alone, ultrasound [US] alone, mammography combined with US, and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]-based examination) for surveillance during the first 5 years after breast cancer surgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent breast cancer surgery at a single institution between January 2011 and December 2015. Imaging surveillance was performed at 6-month or 1-year intervals during the first 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6371 women (median age, 49 years; age range, 20-90 years) underwent 28199 mammograms, 42759 US, and 2619 MRI examinations. Of 172 second breast cancer diagnoses, 19 (11.0%) were interval cancers. Mammography combined with US demonstrated higher cancer detection rate (CDR) compared to mammography alone (odds ratios [OR] = 3.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-8.96, <i>P</i> = 0.009) and US alone (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.71-4.65, <i>P</i> < 0.001), whereas there was no statistical significance when compared with MRI-based examinations (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.49-1.74, <i>P</i> > 0.999). A statistically significant interaction was observed between the mammographic breast density (MBD) and CDR of the imaging methods (<i>P</i> for interaction = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CDR of surveillance mammography combined with US was comparable with that of MRI-based examinations in an intensive surveillance setting. Considering the significant interaction between MBD and the CDR, a tailored approach for surveillance based on breast density is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17881,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"532-545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}