{"title":"Natural Outlier Rejection with Shepherd's Psychometric Similarity Metric","authors":"Dibyasha Mahapatra, Alex James","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182174","url":null,"abstract":"The human mind does not recognize absolute distances. Instead, it seeks comparisons based on similarity, often called psychometric metrics. While many psychometric metrics have been used in cognitive studies, they are seldom used for machine learning or neural computing studies. In this paper, we present a case of Shepherd's similarity metric that can be effective in naturally removing outliers in natural language classification problems. Natural language processing uses multiple cognitive regions of the human brain, investigations of which can help with developmental studies of the human mind. The proposed similarity metric can help understand the causal links of language processing, giving a sense of human mind functions. A comparison with other similarity metrics indicates that Shepherd's similarity shows unusual tolerance to noise changes and the ability to reject outliers naturally.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129078925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rotation-Invariant Point Cloud Segmentation With Kernel Principal Component Analysis and Geometry-Based Weighted Convolution","authors":"Yuqi Li, Qin Yang, Wenrui Dai, Chenglin Li, Junni Zou, H. Xiong","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182102","url":null,"abstract":"Learning a rotation-invariant (RI) representation is of significant importance for real-world point cloud segmentation that is perturbed by arbitrary rotations. Recent principal component analysis (PCA)-based methods provide an effective alternative to align point clouds and produce the RI representation under the preservation of global information. However, conventional PCA with 3-D coordinates cannot fully represent high-dimensional geometric structures like surfaces and curves and cannot uniformly align these structures for learning RI representation. In this paper, we propose a novel rotation-invariant method for point cloud segmentation, which leverages kernel PCA (KPCA) for aligning point clouds in a projected high-dimensional space via non-linear mapping and develops a Geometry-based Weighted Convolution (GWConv) to distinguish part boundaries during segmentation. Specifically, the KPCA produces a RI representation with polynomial kernels for effectively representing complicated geometric structures in point clouds. Moreover, the GWConv incorporates geometric structures into convolution and enhances neighboring points with similar geometry for fine-grained segmentation based on the RI representation. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve competitive performance with the state-of-the-arts and outperforms existing PCA-based methods in part segmentation on ShapeNet. Furthermore, it achieves evident performance gains on complicated 3-D shapes such as Earphone and Car and facilitates segmentation around the part boundaries.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"1944 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129262085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harideep Nair, P. Vellaisamy, Albert Chen, Joseph Finn, Anna Li, Manav Trivedi, J. Shen
{"title":"tuGEMM: Area-Power-Efficient Temporal Unary GEMM Architecture for Low-Precision Edge AI","authors":"Harideep Nair, P. Vellaisamy, Albert Chen, Joseph Finn, Anna Li, Manav Trivedi, J. Shen","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181357","url":null,"abstract":"General matrix multiplication (GEMM) is a ubiqui-tous computing kernel/algorithm for data processing in diverse applications, including artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL). Recent shift towards edge computing has inspired GEMM architectures based on unary computing, which are predominantly stochastic and rate-coded systems. This paper proposes a novel GEMM architecture based on temporal-coding, called tuGEMM, that performs exact computation. We introduce two variants of tuGEMM, serial and parallel, with distinct area/power-latency trade-offs. Post-synthesis Power-Performance-Area (PPA) in 45 nm CMOS are reported for 2-bit, 4-bit, and 8-bit computations. The designs illustrate significant advantages in area-power efficiency over state-of-the-art stochastic unary systems especially at low precisions, e.g. incurring just 0.03 mm2 and 9 mW for 4 bits, and 0.01 mm2 and 4 mW for 2 bits. This makes tuGEMM ideal for power constrained mobile and edge devices performing always-on real-time sensory processing.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125399501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 18-22GHz, 13.2mW, 0.22mm2, 5 bit VGA with 15.5dB linear in dB gain control in 130nm SiGe for Satcom on the Move (SOTM) applications","authors":"Chan Kuen Sim, R. Kumarasamy","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181876","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a linear in dB variable gain amplifier (VGA) employing a compact topology obtained by modifying the Gillbert Cell. The difference between the quiescent currents of the differential switches stacked over the main transconductor is made to vary exponentially with the controlled current to ensure linear-in-dB control. Single stage is able to provide 15.5dB gain control by biasing the switching transistors through a current DAC exploiting the exponential I-V relationship in BJTs. The presented VGA operating from 18-22GHz outperforms state of the art digitally controlled VGAs in terms of low power consumption (13.2mW) and wide dynamic range (15.5dB, 5-Control bits + 3 Calibration bits) while all other performance metrics like chip area are comparable.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126531882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yanchen Zhao, Suhong Wang, Kai Lin, Meng Lei, Chuanmin Jia, Shanshe Wang, Siwei Ma
{"title":"Towards Next Generation Video Coding: from Neural Network Based Predictive Coding to In-Loop Filtering","authors":"Yanchen Zhao, Suhong Wang, Kai Lin, Meng Lei, Chuanmin Jia, Shanshe Wang, Siwei Ma","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181462","url":null,"abstract":"Audio Video Coding Standard (AVS) Intelligent Coding Group mainly studies video coding tools based on neural network technology and its potential benefit for next generation video coding. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to the research on neural network (NN) based coding tools. In this paper, we present a novel NN based video coding framework by leveraging the supervised trained NN models for multiple modules in the hybrid coding framework, from the predictive coding to the in-loop filtering. Specifically, NN based intra prediction models the non-linear mapping from contextual pixels to the predictions. The inter prediction efficiency is enhanced by introducing a virtual reference frame (VRF) network. The convolutional neural network based loop filtering (CNNLF) with discriminative model selection exploits the texture adaptivity. The experimental results show that the CNNLF, NN Intra, and VRF models can bring 8.60%, 1.02%, and 2.26% luma BD-rate reduction under random access (RA) configuration compared with AVS reference software HPM13.0. Additional experiments with the combined three NN coding tools reveal that around 13% YUV BD-rate reduction could be obtained. The proposed framework opens novel sights for next generation video coding from the intelligent coding perspective.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121303932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Demir, Lorenzo Marzano, P. Ros, L. Fachechi, D. Demarchi, M. Vittorio
{"title":"Wearable Multiple Body Signal Monitoring System with Single Biocompatible AlN Piezoelectric Sensor","authors":"S. M. Demir, Lorenzo Marzano, P. Ros, L. Fachechi, D. Demarchi, M. Vittorio","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181333","url":null,"abstract":"Remote monitoring of vital body signals has drawn the attention of late, particularly with the burst of COVID-19. Wearable devices are started to be widely used for non-invasive health monitoring tasks. This work presents a wearable system for multiple body signal monitoring using only one biocompatible aluminum nitride piezoelectric sensor and a custom wireless electronic device for data acquisition and transmission. The proposed sensor has been customized for the suprasternal notch, where we can simultaneously extract heart rate, respiration rate, and deglutition events. These parameters are helpful for the remote diagnosis of multiple diseases like cardiac arrhythmia, asthma, and dysphagia. Moreover, heart sound components have been derived from the same signal, providing critical information about heart health and insight into possible heart diseases. The preliminary experimental results show that the proposed wearable system can be used for personalized healthcare applications and offers a promising solution for unobtrusive remote health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121305865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingbing Zhang, Songping Mai, Ruolin Zhou, Xincheng Yang
{"title":"A Low-power ASK Demodulator for Wireless Power and Data Transfer Systems Supporting Ultra-low Modulation Depth of 0.03%","authors":"Qingbing Zhang, Songping Mai, Ruolin Zhou, Xincheng Yang","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182191","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless power and data transfer (WPDT) systems implemented with amplitude shift keying (ASK) data demodulation, the low amplitude modulation depth (MD) is usually preferred as it helps to improve energy harvesting efficiency, transmission range and stability. In this paper, a fully integrated ASK demodulator supporting ultra-low MD is proposed, which comprises a two-stage self-biased shifted limiter (SSL) that provides sufficient conversion gain and operates at low power consumption by introducing an adaptive biasing circuit. This structure is implemented in 0.18 $mu mathbf{m}$ high-voltage Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology. The detectable MD is measured as low as 0.03%, while the power consumption is only 52.5 $mu mathbf{W}$.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121558733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Moraitis, Martin Brisfors, E. Dubrova, Niklas Lindskog, Håkan Englund
{"title":"A side-channel resistant implementation of AES combining clock randomization with duplication","authors":"M. Moraitis, Martin Brisfors, E. Dubrova, Niklas Lindskog, Håkan Englund","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181621","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning transformed side-channel analysis and made many conventional countermeasures obsolete. This brings the need for more effective, deep learning-resistant defense mechanisms. We propose a method for protecting hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms that combines clock randomization with duplication. The presented method ensures that the duplicated block generates algorithmic noise that is dependent on the input of the primary block and has a similar power profile. In addition, the duplicated block does not create any secret key-related leakage. We evaluate the presented method on the example of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm implemented in FPGA. Our experimental results show that the protected AES implementation is resistant to deep learning-based power analysis.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"881 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123004135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"HEBGS: Homomorphic Encryption-based Background Subtraction Using a Fast-Converging Numerical Method","authors":"Justin Shyi, Sunwoong Kim","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181453","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in cloud services provide greater computing ability to edge devices on cyber-physical systems (CPS) and internet of things (IoT) but cause security issues in cloud servers and networks. This paper applies homomorphic encryption (HE) to background subtraction (BGS) in CPS/IoT. Cheon et al. 's numerical methods are adopted to implement the non-linear functions of BGS in the HE domain. In particular, square- and square root-based HE-based BGS (HEBGS) designs are proposed for the input condition of the numerical comparison operation. In addition, a fast-converging method is proposed so that the numerical comparison operation outputs more accurate results with lower iterations. Although the outer loop of the numerical comparison operation is removed, the proposed square-based HEBGS with the fast-converging method shows an average peak signal-to-noise ratio value of 20dB and an average structural similarity index measure value of 0.89 compared to the non-HE-based conventional BGS. On a PC, the execution time of the proposed design for each $128times 128$-sized frame is 0.34 seconds.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126377470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Mini-Living Lab Project as a Pedagogical Approach to AI-driven Autonomous Systems in Undergraduate Engineering and CS+[X] Education","authors":"Y. Massoud, Xianyong Yi, Muhammad Zubair","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181481","url":null,"abstract":"We present the living lab methodology as a pedagogical approach to artificial intelligence (AI) based autonomous systems under the framework of place-based learning. Due to time, location, weather, traffic safety, and other issues, performing road testing on autonomous cars is challenging. Autonomous driving testing has been made easier by the virtual test platform, which can partly replace road testing. To improve the system-designed skills of the students and to validate autonomous driving ideas in real life settings to further refine solutions proposed, we proposed Mini-Living Lab system. The platform may also give a significant number of test scenarios for the driver during early verification of the autonomous driving control approach. We provide the detailed system design and implement an artificial intelligence based autonomous driving model on our proposed system. For the neural network model, we adopt PointNet++ and improve its design to process the lidar point cloud data, then further to perform the autonomous steering control tasks. The proposed project provides an opportunity for students to actively participate in co-creation of knowledge and innovation in real-life contexts, thus leading to an enhanced understanding of complex engineering problems and development of required skills for their innovative solutions.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122274502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}