Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Inter-laboratory validation of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry multi-mycotoxin determination in animal feed - method transfer from the reference laboratory to regional laboratories.","authors":"Piotr Jedziniak,&nbsp;Łukasz Panasiuk,&nbsp;Katarzyna Pietruszka,&nbsp;Krzysztof Kolano,&nbsp;Radosław Zbytniewski","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The results are presented of the inter-laboratory validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of eight mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, ochratoxin A, toxin T-2, toxin HT-2 and zearalenone) in animal feeds.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was an essential part of the method's transfer from the National Reference Laboratory to six regional laboratories in Poland working in the official survey of mycotoxins in feed. The laboratories received a batch of standard solutions, blank samples and quality control materials on which to perform analysis with one procedure and different liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The validation results show good precision (reproducibility coefficient of variation 3.7-20.5%) and accuracy of the method (recovery 89-120% and trueness 94-103%) and sufficient skills of the laboratory personnel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study is an example of the successful transfer of the method among laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"397-406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/a6/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0045.PMC10541672.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41149325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities of using mussels (<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>) to predict rotavirus contamination in Albania.","authors":"Arta Lugaj,&nbsp;Kastriot Korro,&nbsp;Anna Maria Tolomeo,&nbsp;Rigers Bakiu,&nbsp;Gianfranco Santovito","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rotaviruses are non-enveloped viruses that each consist of 11 double-stranded RNA molecules. These viruses are able to persist in the environment, and therefore play a fundamental role in the epidemiology of gastroenteritis and severe diarrhoea in children worldwide. While mussels have been primarily used as indicators of chemical pollution, they can also be used to monitor viral contamination. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> mussel can also be used to detect microbial contamination, owing to its tendency to naturally concentrate viruses and other pathogens.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 102 <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> mussel samples from Albania were collected over a three-year period: 37 samples off the Cape of Stillo in 2015, 39 samples from Butrinti Lake in 2019 and 26 samples from Butrinti Lake in 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The presence of rotavirus in the Cape of Stillo samples in 2015 was noted in 47% of samples from site 1, 33% from site 2, and 52% from site 3. In Butrinti Lake the percentage of infected individuals in 2019 was 33% from site 1, 41% from site 2, and 33% from site 3, whereas in 2021, it was 50% from site 1, 19% from site 2, and 0% from site 3. In total the percentage of infected individuals off the Cape of Stillo in 2015 was 44%, in Butrinti Lake in 2019 it was 36%, and in Butrinti Lake in 2021 it was 23 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate the presence of rotavirus in the shellfish specimens tested, and further analysis is needed to assess the potential health risks associated with consuming these shellfish. This study also indicates that mussels can be used in marine virological surveillance programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/7d/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0053.PMC10541656.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41125708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification of <i>bla</i>TEM and <i>bla</i>CTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia.","authors":"Agus Widodo,&nbsp;Mirni Lamid,&nbsp;Mustofa Helmi Effendi,&nbsp;Wiwiek Tyasningsih,&nbsp;Dadik Raharjo,&nbsp;Aswin Rafif Khairullah,&nbsp;Shendy Canadya Kurniawan,&nbsp;Lita Rakhma Yustinasari,&nbsp;Katty Hendriana Priscilia Riwu,&nbsp;Otto Sahat Martua Silaen","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Escherichia coli</i> is an opportunistic bacteria that can grow easily, produce toxins, and resist antibiotics. The phenomenon of <i>E. coli</i> developing multidrug resistance is currently the subject of extensive research. The objective of this study was to molecularly identify <i>bla</i>TEM and <i>bla</i>CTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant <i>E. coli</i> found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>One hundred and ten milk samples were collected from 45 dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and in citrate tests and triple iron sugar agar tests were used to identify <i>E. coli</i>. Multidrug resistance was determined in isolates through antibiotic sensitivity tests using tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and aztreonam. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase enzyme production was confirmed by double-disc synergy test (DDST). Molecular identification was performed to confirm the <i>bla</i>TEM and <i>bla</i>CTX-M genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and one (91.82%) <i>E. coli</i> strains were isolated from the samples. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed four (3.96%) multidrug-resistant (MDR) and one (0.99%) ESBL-positive <i>E. coli</i> by DDST confirmation. There were three (77.78%) <i>bla</i>TEM genes and one (0.99%) <i>bla</i>CTX-M gene discovered in the MDR <i>E. coli</i> isolates using PCR for molecular identification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of the <i>bla</i>TEM and <i>bla</i>CTX-M genes encoding ESBL <i>E. coli</i> in dairy cattle milk in Tulungagung, Indonesia is concerning and argues for prompt action to stop the emergence of antibiotic resistance which has an impact on public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"381-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ef/89/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0052.PMC10541667.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41134247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of SNP markers for canine mammary gland tumours in females based on a genome-wide association study - preliminary results.","authors":"Anna Mucha,&nbsp;Błażej Nowak,&nbsp;Stanisław Dzimira,&nbsp;Bartłomiej Liszka,&nbsp;Magdalena Zatoń-Dobrowolska","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The development of genetic research over recent decades has enabled the discovery of new genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This, as well as the full sequencing of the dog genome, has enabled genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to be used in the search for genetic causes of canine mammary tumours (CMTs).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Genotypic data containing 175,000 SNPs, which had been obtained using the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip microarray technique, were available for analysis in this study. The data concerned 118 bitches, including 36 animals with CMT, representing various breeds and age groups. Statistical analysis was performed in two steps: quality control of genotyping data and genome-wide association analysis based on dominant, recessive, overdominant, codominant, and log-additive models with the single SNP effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 40 different SNPs significantly associated with CMT appearance were detected. Moreover, twelve SNPs showed statistical significance in more than one model. Of all the significant SNPs, two, namely <i>BICF2G630136001</i> in the overdominant model and <i>TIGRP2P107898_rs9044787</i> in the log-additive model, reached the 5^-8 significance level. The other SNPs were significant to a 1^-5 level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the group of SNPs indicated as significant in the GWAS analysis, several transpired to be localised within genes that may play an important role in CMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"427-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/79/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0040.PMC10541661.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41136757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porcine carcasses as an underestimated source of antimicrobial resistant <i>Campylobacter coli</i>.","authors":"Jacek Osek,&nbsp;Kinga Wieczorek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Campylobacteriosis is the most common human foodborne bacterial infection worldwide and is caused by bacteria of the <i>Camplylobacter</i> genus. The main source of these bacteria is poultry, but other food-producing animals such as pigs are also responsible for human infections. An increasing number of strains with resistance to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials such as macrolides were recently noted. The aim of the study was to investigate <i>Campylobacter</i> contamination of porcine carcasses and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the obtained isolates.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 534 swabs from carcasses of pigs slaughtered in Poland during 2019-2022 were tested for <i>Campylobacter</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>Campylobacter</i> was detected in 164 (30.7%) carcasses; among them 149 (90.8%) were classified as <i>C. coli</i> and the remaining 15 (9.2%) samples were <i>C. jejuni</i>-positive. Because a low number of <i>C. jejuni</i> isolates were identified, only the <i>C. coli</i> isolates were subjected to antimicrobial resistance analysis. The majority of these isolates were resistant to streptomycin (94.0%), ciprofloxacin (65.8%) and tetracycline (65.1%). A total of 94 (63.1%) strains displayed antimicrobial multiresistance patterns and were mainly resistant to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines (74; 49.7% of the isolates tested).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained results showed that pig carcasses may be contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant <i>C. coli</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"389-395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/80/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0047.PMC10541655.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the examination of different types of hive samples be a non-invasive method for detection and quantification of viruses in honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) colonies?","authors":"Eliška Čukanová, Jana Prodělalová, Miroslava Palíková, Kristýna Kováčová, Petr Linhart, Ivana Papežíková","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Honey bee viruses have been shown to negatively affect the vigour and longevity of European honey bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L). In the present work, beehive materials were tested for their potential to serve as non-invasive samples for honey bee virus detection.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Honey, pollen, hive debris, hive grid smears and forager honey bees were collected from 24 hives at four locations in the Czech Republic. Deformed wing virus (DWV), acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), sacbrood virus (SBV) and black queen cell virus (BQCV) were detected using a reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR and the results for bees and alternative materials compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All forager bee samples contained DWV, BQCV and SBV and 54.2% had ABPV. When comparing beehive materials to bees, the most promising results were obtained from honey and pollen samples, with BQCV and SBV detected in all honey samples and ABPV in 12.5%. Detection of SBV was achieved in 91.6% of pollen samples, detection of BQCV in 87.5% and detection of DWW in 75%. The results for debris and smears were less consistent with the viral profile of the forager samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The best candidate materials for honey bee virus detection in a non-invasive technique are honey and pollen.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"323-331"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/83/a2/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0046.PMC10541673.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41121245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody response to 1.0 and 0.5 mL doses of an inactivated bacterial vaccine against bovine respiratory disease in young Holstein calves: a field trial.","authors":"Kazusa Mori,&nbsp;Toshihide Kato,&nbsp;Keigo Kosenda,&nbsp;Osamu Yokota,&nbsp;Hiromichi Ohtsuka","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Early vaccination of cattle with an inactivated commercial bacterial vaccine against bovine respiratory disease has been reported to increase antibody production and can alleviate the disease. However, its dosage has been little investigated in young Holstein calves. This study addresses the need to establish guide values for vaccine dosage in these animals.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Healthy calves received an inactivated vaccine for <i>Histophilus somni</i>, <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> and <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> intramuscularly at the ages of 1 and 4 weeks. Administered vaccine doses were 1.0 mL for the primary and booster vaccinations (1.0 + 1.0 group), 0.5 mL for the primary and 1.0 mL for the booster vaccination (0.5 + 1.0 group), or 0.5 mL for both vaccinations (0.5 + 0.5 group).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences in the vaccine responses between the 1.0 + 1.0 group and 0.5 + 1.0 group were minor. However, the number of calves with a positive vaccine response to <i>H. somni</i> in the 0.5 + 0.5 group was less than half of that in the 1.0 + 1.0 and 0.5 + 1.0 groups. In logistic regression analysis, although the booster vaccination dose was positively correlated with seropositivity for <i>H. somni</i>, the primary vaccination dose was not correlated with vaccine response. The number of calves with positive vaccine responses to <i>M. haemolytica</i> was low even after booster vaccination regardless of the dose.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dose of 0.5 mL can be used for primary vaccinations in newborn Holstein calves, but 1.0 mL may be required for booster vaccinations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"315-321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/05/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0037.PMC10541654.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEG-liposomal doxorubicin as a potential agent for canine metastatic osteosarcoma - <i>in vitro</i> and <i>ex ovo</i> studies.","authors":"Magdalena Walewska,&nbsp;Anna Małek,&nbsp;Bartosz Taciak,&nbsp;Anna Wojtalewicz,&nbsp;Sylwia Wilk,&nbsp;Agata Wojtkowska,&nbsp;Katarzyna Zabielska-Koczywąs,&nbsp;Roman Lechowski","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly aggressive and metastatic primary bone tumour in dogs. Standard therapy is amputation and adjuvant chemotherapy (<i>e.g</i>. with doxorubicin). Liposomal drug delivery may augment therapeutic efficacy and reduce negative side effects. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-liposomal doxorubicin treats human metastatic cancers effectively. The study aimed was to evaluate PEG-liposomal doxorubicin's inhibitory effect on canine metastatic proliferation and migration <i>in vitro</i>. It also aimed to appraise the drug's extravasation inhibition <i>in vivo</i> using the human medicine-proven chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane <i>ex ovo</i> model.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The canine D-17 OSA cell line was cultured and inoculated with decreasing concentrations of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin and conventional doxorubicin in a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test of cell viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry with Annexin V and Draq 7 staining confirmed the MTT test results, indicating dead, early and late apoptotic, and live cells. The inhibitory effect of the two preparations on cancer cell migration was investigated with a wound-healing assay. Culture plates seeded with cells were prepared. The cell monolayer was scratched and images of cells migrating to the scratch were captured at 0 h, 12 h and 24 h. Also, embryos were removed from three-day-incubated fertilised chicken eggs. On the 12^th day, labelled D-17 cells were injected into each embryo. Embryos in one group received 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline as controls, those in another group 30 μg/mL of PEG-liposomal doxorubicin, and those in the last group 6 μg/mL of conventional doxorubicin. The effectiveness of the intravascular administration of the D-17 cells was confirmed under a microscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PEG-liposomal doxorubicin inhibited the migration of canine OSA cells more effectively than conventional doxorubicin (P ≤ 0.05). The <i>ex ovo</i> model showed that both drugs had similar impacts on canine metastatic OSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The liposomal form of the drug may be considered a potentially effective compound in canine metastatic OSA; nevertheless, further <i>in vivo</i> studies are essential to confirm this hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"297-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/ef/jvetres-67-2-jvetres-2023-0026.PMC10541662.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of the enniatins and beauvericin in raw and UHT cow's milk in Poland.","authors":"Katarzyna Pietruszka,&nbsp;Łukasz Panasiuk,&nbsp;Piotr Jedziniak","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The enniatins A, A1, B and B1 (ENNs) and beauvericin (BEA) are structurally related compounds produced by <i>Fusarium</i> species. They occur as contaminants in cereals, such as wheat, barley and maize. They are called \"emerging mycotoxins\", because they have been reported in feed and food and their toxic effects are not fully known. Data on their levels in food (especially in milk) are limited. The study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ENNs and BEA in milk.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 103 bovine milk samples (76 of raw milk and 27 of UHT milk) were collected from different parts of Poland and analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 76 raw milk samples, 31 (41%) and 15 (20%) samples were contaminated with ENN B and with BEA, respectively. No contamination with other enniatins was found. The highest concentration of BEA was found in raw milk and was 6.17 μg kg^-1. Out of the 27 samples of UHT milk, 16 (59%) were contaminated with ENN B at concentrations ranging from 0.157 μg kg^-1 to 0.587 μg kg^-1 (limit of quantification (LOQ) 0.098 μg kg^-1). Beauvericin was detected in 9 UHT milk samples (33%) at concentrations ranging from 0.101 μg kg^-1 to 1.934 μg kg^-1 (LOQ 0.095 μg kg^-1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated constant but low milk contamination in Poland with ENN B and BEA. The analysis of milk samples revealed that the emerging mycotoxins ENN B and BEA were measured in trace amounts. It does not suggest any immediate risk to milk consumers; however, it is unknown whether long-term exposure to low levels of toxins may be harmful.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"259-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/1f/jvetres-67-2-jvetres-2023-0021.PMC10541658.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of an extract rich in proteins obtained from <i>Trametes versicolor</i>.","authors":"Katarzyna Michalak,&nbsp;Stanisław Winiarczyk,&nbsp;Łukasz Adaszek,&nbsp;Urszula Kosikowska,&nbsp;Sylwia Andrzejczuk,&nbsp;Katarzyna Garbacz,&nbsp;Anna Dobrut,&nbsp;Łukasz Jarosz,&nbsp;Wiktoria Czupryna,&nbsp;Dorota Pietras-Ożga","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bioactive proteins and peptides generated from fruit, vegetables, meat or fish have great potential as functional food or substitutes for antibiotics. In recent years it has also been demonstrated that the fungus kingdom could be a source of these compounds. The study investigated the bioactivity of an extract of the lignicolous fungus <i>Trametes versicolor</i> and its hydrolysate.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The fungus was collected in a mixed forest in October, extracted and hydrolysed. To inspect the protein and peptide profiles before and after hydrolysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis was performed. To evaluate the antioxidant properties of the preparations, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^•) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS^•+) radical scavenging assays were used. The activity of the fungus extract and hydrolysate against <i>Aeromonas veronii</i>, <i>Bacillus cereus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i>, <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i>, and <i>Streptococcus uberis</i> was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extract and its hydrolysate showed almost 100% ABTS^•+ and DPPH^• radical scavenging with a low half maximal inhibitory concentration. The water extract and hydrolysate of <i>T. versicolor</i> exhibited antimicrobial activity against two <i>S. aureus</i> strains, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results provide compelling evidence that the analysed fungus extract and its hydrolysate hold promise with their antibacterial and antioxidant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 2","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/63/d5/jvetres-67-2-jvetres-2023-0036.PMC10541659.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41131069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}