Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Study on the expression of testin in the testes of dogs","authors":"Rafał Ciaputa, Marcin Nowak, Stanisław Dzimira, Eleonora Brambilla, Małgorzata Kandefer-Gola, Alicja Tomaszek, Aneta Popiel-Kopaczyk, Piotr Dzięgiel, Valeria Grieco","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Testin is a protein involved in cell mobility, adhesion and colony formation. In rats, testin presence has been reported in the testes, and its possible role in spermatogenesis has been suggested. Studies in humans also suggest a possible role of testin as a cancer suppressor protein. In the dog, which represents both an important pet species and a good animal model for studying biological and pathological testicular processes, the presence of testin has never been reported. Material and Methods In the present study, the expression of testin in foetal, prepubertal, adult and aged canine testes was investigated. Testes from 5 adult and 3 aged dogs, from 2 one-month-old puppies and from 2 foetuses miscarried at the end of pregnancy were immunohistochemically examined with a commercial antibody against testin. Results Testin was intensely expressed in Sertoli cells in every testis examined. Spermatids were also positive for testin in mature dogs and in the testicular areas of the aged ones which were not atrophic. Weak expression of testin was also detected in all testes examined. Conclusion The present study, the first demonstrating the presence of testin in canine testes, provides the basis for further dog–human comparative research and for studies on the role of this protein in canine physiology, reproduction and testicular pathologies.","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"48 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of plant extracts and bacteriophages as an alternative therapy approach in combatting bacterial infections: the study of lytic phages and <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>","authors":"Xymena Stachurska, Małgorzata Mizielińska, Magdalena Ordon, Paweł Nawrotek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0059","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction In the light of the problem of antibiotic resistance, the use of combined alternative therapies in combatting bacteria-related disorders has gained popularity. Bacteriophages are one element implemented in new combination therapy. Stevia rebaudiana is known to have antimicrobial activity and regarded as potentially having a synergistic effect with bacteriophages. Therefore, possible interactions of lytic bacteriophages (MS2, T4 and Phi6) with acetone and methanol S. rebaudiana extracts (SRa and SRm) in the bacterial environment were examined. Material and Methods The interactions were tested using a microdilution method, phage-extract co-incubation assay, static interaction (synography) and dynamic growth profile experiments in a bioreactor. Results The interactions of the tested factors in a static environment differed from those in a dynamic environment. Dynamic conditions altered the effect of the extracts in a concentration-dependent manner. How different the effect of the SRa extract was to that of the SRm extract on bacterial growth in a dynamic environment depended on the species of the phage and bacterial host. The greatest differences were observed for E. coli strains and their phages, whereas Pseudomonas syringae and the Phi6 phage reacted very similarly to both extracts. Differences also emerged for the same extract in different E. coli strains and their phages. Conclusion Every extract type should be tested on a case-by-case basis and experiment outcomes should not be generalised before gathering data. Moreover, many varied experiments should be performed, especially when examining such multifactorial mixtures. The tested mixtures could potentially be used in multidrug-resistant bacterial infection treatments.","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterovirus E infects bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Implications for pathogenesis?","authors":"Joanna Małaczewska, Małgorzata Wróbel, Edyta Kaczorek-Łukowska, Wojciech Rękawek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0061","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Enterovirus E (EV-E) is a common viral pathogen endemic in cattle worldwide. Little is known, however, about its potential interactions with bovine immune cells. Material and Methods The EV-E-permissiveness of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated. The infectious titres of extracellular virus were measured and the intracellular viral RNA levels were determined by reverse transcription quantitative PCR after cell inoculation. The effects of EV-E on cell viability and proliferative response were investigated with a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide reduction assay, the percentages of main lymphocyte subsets and oxidative burst activity of blood phagocytes were determined with flow cytometry, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion was measured with an ELISA. Results Enterovirus E productively infected bovine PBMCs. The highest infectious dose of EV-E decreased cell viability and T-cell proliferation. All of the tested doses of virus inhibited the proliferation of high responding to lipopolysaccharide B cells and stimulated the secretion of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion Interactions of EV-E with bovine immune cells may indicate potential evasion mechanisms of the virus. There is also a risk that an infection with this virus can predispose the organism to secondary infections, especially bacterial ones.","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"60 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135267457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilic granuloma in cats","authors":"Hanna Omelchenko, Natalia Avramenko, Serhii Kulynych, Maksym Petrenko, Vladyslav Volosovets, Natalia Volosovets, Grzegorz Woźniakowski","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Eosinophils represent the most active cells in mammals that show protective and assistive activity in the host immune defence against helminth parasites. These cells are also responsible for the reduction of allergic and inflammatory reactions. The eosinophils play a key role in allergic reactions by secretion of different chemical molecules leading to swelling, lesions and granuloma onset. Material and Methods The study was carried out on 30 cats with inflammatory skin lesions. The cats ranged in age from seven months to 13 years, and had an average age of three years. The research methodology included information on the disease, dermatological conclusions, concomitant disorders, medical and laboratory data and the treatment strategy. Results In total, 30 cats were diagnosed with eosinophilic granuloma complex. The distribution of lesions was 87.1% in the skin and 12.9% at the skin–mucosal junction. The lesions increased and decreased with the seasons of spring and summer, and the onset of the disease usually coincided with exposure to fleas. Conclusion Eosinophilic granuloma complex in cats is a serious pathology and frequently requires lifelong treatment, so it is important to diagnose it quickly and accurately to ensure optimal treatment of affected animals.","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug resistance in <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> in sheep - can it be overcome?","authors":"Michal Babják, Alžbeta Königová, Michaela Komáromyová, Tetiana Kuzmina, Pawel Nosal, Marián Várady","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Gastrointestinal nematodes pose a threat to animal health and affect farmers by negatively impacting farm management. Material and Methods The study was conducted on a sheep farm with suspected reductions in the efficacies of anthelmintics. Efficacy was determined using in vivo faecal egg count reduction, in vitro egg hatch (EHT) and larval development (LDT) tests. In the first phase, 60 sheep were equally split into six groups. Group 1 received the recommended dose of albendazole (ALB), group 2 received the same after fasting for 24 h, group 3 received the dose divided into two halves at 6 h intervals, group 4 received a double dose of ALB, and group 5 received the recommended dose of ivermectin (IVM). Group 6 served as a control. The second phase of the experiment had two groups: one treated with levamisole (LEV) and a control group. Faecal samples were collected from all sheep. Results No reduction of egg output was observed in the groups treated with single, double, or divided doses of ALB, but one of 13.7–16.9% was noted in the fasting group. Efficacy in the IVM group ranged from 31.50 to 39.97%. The mean concentrations sufficient to prevent 50% of the eggs from hatching in the in vitro EHT and the mean concentrations in which the development of larvae to the L3 stage was inhibited by 50% in the LDT exceeded established thresholds for benzimidazoles and IVM. Haemonchus contortus was the only species identified after treatment. The LDT did not indicate the presence of resistance to LEV. All animals treated with LEV were negative for eggs 10 d after treatment. Conclusion Resistance to ALB and IVM in Haemonchus contortus was confirmed. Alternative approaches to improve the efficacies of benzimidazole did not sufficiently increase the efficacy, but LEV was an efficient anthelmintic treatment.","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"70 19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135993170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of perfluoroalkyl substances in cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk – dietary intake and risk assessment","authors":"Szczepan Mikołajczyk, Małgorzata Warenik-Bany, Marek Pajurek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction Milk from cows, goats and sheep was analysed in terms of content of fourteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Material and Methods Altogether, 73 milk samples from cows (n = 38), goats (n = 20) and sheep (n = 15) were collected from various regions of Poland. Concentrations of analytes were determined using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results The lower-bound sum of four PFAS (∑4 PFASs) concentrations (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid) were highest in sheep’s (0.0055 μg/kg), lower in goat’s (0.0046 μg/kg), and lowest in cow’s milk (0.0008 μg/kg). Goat’s and sheep’s milk was statistically significantly more contaminated than cow’s milk. None of the samples exceeded the indicative values set by Commission Recommendation (EU) 2022/1431, and even the maximum detected concentrations were an order of magnitude lower. The most frequently detected was linear PFOS, which was found in 33%, 76% and 93% of cow’s, goat’s and sheep’s milk samples, respectively. Based on mean upper-bound ∑4 PFAS concentrations and average milk consumption, the estimated intake of ∑4 PFASs ranged from 0.153 to 0.266 ng/kg body weight (b.w.) for children and from 0.050 to 0.88 ng/kg b.w. for adults, which indicates that exposure is very low and is merely <7% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for children and <2% of the TWI for adults. Conclusion Regardless of the milk type, the intake of PFASs via consumption of Polish milk does not contribute significantly to the overall PFAS intake of either adults or children.","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135853161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> genetic diversity based on isolates from pigs confirmed the characteristic haplotype distribution and the presence of the Asian-like haplotype in Central Europe","authors":"Jacek Karamon, Małgorzata Samorek-Pieróg, Ewa Bilska-Zając, Weronika Korpysa-Dzirba, Jacek Sroka, Aneta Bełcik, Jolanta Zdybel, Tomasz Cencek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to determine the genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in pigs in highly endemic areas in Poland, as well as to attempt to confirm the occurrence and geographical distribution of haplotypes characteristic for these areas, which were previously described on the basis of examination of adult tapeworms isolated from foxes. Material and Methods Twenty samples of E. multilocularis larval forms were obtained from pigs’ livers in four provinces of Poland. Genetic analyses were conducted on sequences of two mitochondrial genes: cox1 and nad2. Results Seven haplotypes were found for the cox1 gene (OQ874673–OQ874679) and four haplotypes for nad2 (OQ884981–OQ884984). They corresponded to the haplotypes described earlier in foxes in Poland (some of them differing only in one nucleotide). The analysis showed the presence of the Asian-like haplotype in both the cox1 and nad2 genes. The remaining haplotypes were grouped in the European clade. The geographical distribution of haplotypes identified in the pig samples was noticed to bear a similarity to the distribution of haplotypes previously isolated from foxes in the same regions. Conclusion The characteristic geographical distribution of E. multilocularis haplotypes in Central Europe (including the presence of the Asian-like haplotype) previously described in the population of definitive hosts (foxes) has now been confirmed by the analysis of samples from non-specific intermediate hosts (pigs).","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136356418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> serogroups IIa and IVb from food and food-production environments in Poland.","authors":"Beata Lachtara,&nbsp;Kinga Wieczorek,&nbsp;Jacek Osek","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is an important foodborne pathogen responsible for human listeriosis, which is a disease with high hospitalisation and mortality rates. The bacteria are usually susceptible to most antibacterial substances, but resistance to some of them has been recently observed. The present study introduces the evidence on the emergence of antibiotic resistance among <i>L. monocytogenes</i> strains isolated from food and food-production environments in Poland.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 283 <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates classified into serogroups IIa and IVb which had been recovered from food and food production environments were tested with 17 antimicrobials. These included those that are recommended for treatment of severe listeriosis cases in humans. A multiplex PCR was used to identify serogroups, and a microbroth dilution method was applied for the determination of antibiotic resistance among the isolates tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Only 34 (12.0%) strains were susceptible to all the antimicrobials used in the study. The remaining 249 (88.0%) strains displayed different instances of resistance to the antimicrobials tested, from insusceptibility to one (112 strains; 39.6%) to resistance to four antibacterial substances (6 strains; 2.1%). Among them, there were 38 strains (13.4%) with multiresistance patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polish food and its processing environments may be a potential source of antimicrobial-resistant <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, which may pose a potential health risk to consumers in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"373-379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/28/42/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0050.PMC10541657.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41124663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of caesium-137 in food of animal origin in Poland.","authors":"Magdalena Gembal,&nbsp;Paweł Czerski,&nbsp;Ewelina Milczarczyk,&nbsp;Małgorzata Warenik-Bany","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radioactive contamination of the environment is one of the greatest threats after a nuclear accident due to released radionuclides. From a radiotoxicological point of view, the most important radionuclide is caesium-137. Formed mainly during nuclear explosions, caesium-137 can persist in the soil for many years, from where it constantly enters the food chain. One of the elements of ensuring food safety is the monitoring of its radioactive contamination, mainly with radioactive caesium isotopes. The aim of the study was to determine the content of caesium-137 in food of animal origin.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 1,416 muscle samples from cattle, sheep, pigs, game and fish, as well as chicken eggs and dairy products were examined using gamma-ray spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caesium-137 activities ranged from below the minimum detectable activity concentration (MDC) to over 4,000 Bq/kg wet weight (w.w.). Most often, the values did not exceed the MDC or were in a range below 100 Bq/kg. The exception was the muscle tissue of game animals, especially wild boar, where a significant activity of caesium-137 was recorded, the highest of which was 4,136.8 ± 238 Bq/kg w.w. Committed effective doses determined for each matrix ranged from 0.01 to 0.83 µSv/kg, with the highest value determined for wild boar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The calculated exposure doses with values well below the accepted low radiation dose (100 mSv) did not indicate any significant amounts of ionising radiation from the food consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"407-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/00/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0044.PMC10541660.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of automatic methods MALDI-TOF, VITEK2 and manual methods for the identification of intestinal microbial communities on the example of samples from alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>).","authors":"Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak,&nbsp;Karolina Wódz,&nbsp;Zuzanna Strzałkowska,&nbsp;Monika Żychska,&nbsp;Tomasz Nowak,&nbsp;Adam Kwieciński,&nbsp;Piotr Kwieciński,&nbsp;Wojciech Bielecki,&nbsp;Anna Rodo,&nbsp;Magdalena Rzewuska,&nbsp;Daria Kłosińska,&nbsp;Krzysztof Anusz,&nbsp;Blanka Orłowska","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Universally, in microbiological diagnostics the detection of live bacteria is essential. Rapid identification of pathogens enables appropriate remedial measures to be taken. The identification of many bacteria simultaneously facilitates the determination of the characteristics of the accompanying microbiota and/or the microbiological complexity of a given environment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The effectiveness of the VITEK2 Compact automated microbial identification system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), analytical profile index (API) and Remel RapID tests were compared in identification of bacteria isolated from the alpaca gastrointestinal tract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most isolates were Gram-positive, such as <i>Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis; Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae</i> and <i>Enterococcus casseliflavus; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus equorum</i>, <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> and <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i>; <i>Paenibacillus amylolyticus</i>; <i>Cellulosimicrobium cellulans</i>; <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i>; <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>; <i>Corynebacterium stationis</i>, <i>Corynebacterium xerosis</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> (the last only isolated manually by API Coryne and the VITEK2 system and <i>Corynebacteria</i> (CBC) card). <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> was misidentified by MALDI-TOF MS as <i>Candida lipolytica</i> (currently <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>). Gram-positive and Gram-variable <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> were also isolated. Gram-negative <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, <i>Enterobacter gergoviae</i>, <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> and <i>Enterobacter ludwigii</i>; <i>E. coli</i>; <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> subsp. <i>pneumoniae</i>; <i>Citrobacter braakii</i> and <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>; <i>Serratia liquefaciens</i>, <i>Serratia odorifera</i> and <i>Serratia marcescens</i>; <i>Morganella morganii</i> subsp. <i>morganii</i>; <i>Providencia alcalifaciens</i>; <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>; <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>; <i>Moraxella osloensis</i>; and <i>Ochrobactrum intermedium</i> were also found. The yeasts <i>Candida albicans, Candida haemulonii</i> and <i>Candida ciferrii</i> were also present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MALDI-TOF MS enabled the identification of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens from the alpaca gut which may represent a high risk to human and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"361-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/e2/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0051.PMC10541665.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}