Journal of Veterinary Research最新文献

{"title":"Levels of caesium-137 in food of animal origin in Poland.","authors":"Magdalena Gembal,&nbsp;Paweł Czerski,&nbsp;Ewelina Milczarczyk,&nbsp;Małgorzata Warenik-Bany","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radioactive contamination of the environment is one of the greatest threats after a nuclear accident due to released radionuclides. From a radiotoxicological point of view, the most important radionuclide is caesium-137. Formed mainly during nuclear explosions, caesium-137 can persist in the soil for many years, from where it constantly enters the food chain. One of the elements of ensuring food safety is the monitoring of its radioactive contamination, mainly with radioactive caesium isotopes. The aim of the study was to determine the content of caesium-137 in food of animal origin.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 1,416 muscle samples from cattle, sheep, pigs, game and fish, as well as chicken eggs and dairy products were examined using gamma-ray spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Caesium-137 activities ranged from below the minimum detectable activity concentration (MDC) to over 4,000 Bq/kg wet weight (w.w.). Most often, the values did not exceed the MDC or were in a range below 100 Bq/kg. The exception was the muscle tissue of game animals, especially wild boar, where a significant activity of caesium-137 was recorded, the highest of which was 4,136.8 ± 238 Bq/kg w.w. Committed effective doses determined for each matrix ranged from 0.01 to 0.83 µSv/kg, with the highest value determined for wild boar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The calculated exposure doses with values well below the accepted low radiation dose (100 mSv) did not indicate any significant amounts of ionising radiation from the food consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"407-414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/eb/00/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0044.PMC10541660.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of automatic methods MALDI-TOF, VITEK2 and manual methods for the identification of intestinal microbial communities on the example of samples from alpacas (<i>Vicugna pacos</i>).","authors":"Joanna Pławińska-Czarnak,&nbsp;Karolina Wódz,&nbsp;Zuzanna Strzałkowska,&nbsp;Monika Żychska,&nbsp;Tomasz Nowak,&nbsp;Adam Kwieciński,&nbsp;Piotr Kwieciński,&nbsp;Wojciech Bielecki,&nbsp;Anna Rodo,&nbsp;Magdalena Rzewuska,&nbsp;Daria Kłosińska,&nbsp;Krzysztof Anusz,&nbsp;Blanka Orłowska","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Universally, in microbiological diagnostics the detection of live bacteria is essential. Rapid identification of pathogens enables appropriate remedial measures to be taken. The identification of many bacteria simultaneously facilitates the determination of the characteristics of the accompanying microbiota and/or the microbiological complexity of a given environment.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The effectiveness of the VITEK2 Compact automated microbial identification system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), analytical profile index (API) and Remel RapID tests were compared in identification of bacteria isolated from the alpaca gastrointestinal tract.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most isolates were Gram-positive, such as <i>Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus</i> and <i>Bacillus subtilis; Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae</i> and <i>Enterococcus casseliflavus; Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus equorum</i>, <i>Staphylococcus lentus</i>, <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> and <i>Staphylococcus sciuri</i>; <i>Paenibacillus amylolyticus</i>; <i>Cellulosimicrobium cellulans</i>; <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i>; <i>Clostridium perfringens</i>; <i>Corynebacterium stationis</i>, <i>Corynebacterium xerosis</i>, and <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> (the last only isolated manually by API Coryne and the VITEK2 system and <i>Corynebacteria</i> (CBC) card). <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> was misidentified by MALDI-TOF MS as <i>Candida lipolytica</i> (currently <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i>). Gram-positive and Gram-variable <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> were also isolated. Gram-negative <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, <i>Enterobacter gergoviae</i>, <i>Enterobacter hormaechei</i> and <i>Enterobacter ludwigii</i>; <i>E. coli</i>; <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> subsp. <i>pneumoniae</i>; <i>Citrobacter braakii</i> and <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>; <i>Serratia liquefaciens</i>, <i>Serratia odorifera</i> and <i>Serratia marcescens</i>; <i>Morganella morganii</i> subsp. <i>morganii</i>; <i>Providencia alcalifaciens</i>; <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>; <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>; <i>Moraxella osloensis</i>; and <i>Ochrobactrum intermedium</i> were also found. The yeasts <i>Candida albicans, Candida haemulonii</i> and <i>Candida ciferrii</i> were also present.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MALDI-TOF MS enabled the identification of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens from the alpaca gut which may represent a high risk to human and animal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"361-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/e2/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0051.PMC10541665.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and the risk of occurrence of benign and malignant canine skin tumours in Poland - a five-year retrospective study.","authors":"Anna Śmiech,&nbsp;Kamila Bulak,&nbsp;Wojciech Łopuszyński,&nbsp;Agata Puła","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to compile data on the frequency and distribution of canine skin tumours and determine the risk of these being malignant as opposed to benign. This determination proceeded from tumour histogenesis and gave consideration to the dog's breed, sex, age and the anatomical location of tumours.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective five-year epidemiological study included 3,139 canine skin tumours collected in Poland. A univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Microscopic analysis showed a significant predominance of benign tumours (65.02%) as well as mesenchymal and melanocytic tumours (59.57%). The most frequently diagnosed were mast cell tumours, accounting for 13.79% of all skin tumours, and other common tumour types were lipomas (6.40%), haemangiopericytomas (5.96%) and malignant melanomas (4.65%). The risk of malignant <i>versus</i> benign tumours was 1.212 times higher in the female than in the male dogs. A higher risk of development of malignant epithelial tumours was found in boxers (OR 4.091), German shepherds (OR 4.085) and flat-coated retrievers (OR 43.596). A higher risk of development of malignant mesenchymal tumours was found in golden retrievers (OR 4.693), boxers (OR 2.342), bulldogs (OR 3.469) and Maltese (OR 2.757).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results may serve as a reference point for further studies of the complex biology of canine skin tumours.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"437-446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ad/10/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0048.PMC10541663.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometry and topography of the coronary ostia in the dog.","authors":"Karolina Barszcz,&nbsp;Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk,&nbsp;Michał Czopowicz,&nbsp;Magdalena Chłopecka,&nbsp;Michał Polguj,&nbsp;Joanna Klećkowska-Nawrot","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to perform a morphometric examination of the coronary ostia, including their location in the area of the aortic sinuses, and to describe variations in ostia structure in the domestic dog.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted on the hearts of 91 pedigree dogs of both sexes, aged 1 to 18 years (median 9 years), with a body weight from 1.2 to 65 kg (median 20.7 kg). Morphometric examinations of the coronary ostia were performed in the studied individuals, and the location of the structures in relation to the intercommissural lines was determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three types of location of the coronary ostia were distinguished, <i>i.e</i>. below the intercommissural line (type I), on the intercommissural line (type II), and above the intercommissural line (type III). In the studied dogs, the most common location of the ostia was type I - found in the left coronary artery of 74/91 dogs (81%) and in the right coronary artery of 42/91 dogs (46%). Morphological variations were shown in 36/91 dogs (40%) in the structure of the coronary ostia, including the presence of accessory ostia. The most common variation was the presence of an accessory ostium near the ostium of the right coronary artery, which was found in 28/91 dogs (31%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results may be useful in developing standards for procedures to replace the whole or part of the aortic valve and repair the coronary artery.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"471-478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/df/c3/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0054.PMC10541670.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An initial characterisation of the Unfolded Protein Response pathway in haematopoietic canine cancer cell lines - a necessary step for the future development of new therapies in dogs with neoplasia.","authors":"Beatriz Hernández-Suárez,&nbsp;David A Gillespie,&nbsp;Bożena Obmińska-Mrukowicz,&nbsp;Aleksandra Pawlak","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0042","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>New and more effective therapies for canine cancer patients are urgently required and this necessitates advanced experimental research. Dogs are good models for studies in comparative oncology; however, canine cancer cell biology research is currently limited by low availability of validated antibody reagents and techniques. This study characterises the expression of key components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in a panel of haematopoietic canine cancer cell lines using commercially available antibodies, and validates the methods used to study this pathway.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The CLBL-1 canine lymphoma cell line and the GL-1 canine leukaemia cell line sourced externally and two counterparts established in house (CNK-89 and CLB70) were used as models of different lymphoma and leukaemia canine cell lines for the study. The human U2OS cell line served as the control. Antibodies were selected for identifying UPR proteins according to known canine cell reactivity and canine-murine and canine-human homology. Endoplasmic reticulum stress was induced with thapsigargin and MG132 in the cell lines. Etoposide was used to induce DNA damage in the cells. The techniques used for this validation analysis were RNA sequencing to observe the expression of UPR components in canine cell lines, Western blot to observe changes of protein expression levels after inducing ER stress in the cells, and flow cytometry in order to study cell death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Substantial variations in both the basic expression and agonist-induced activation of the UPR pathway were observed in canine cancer cell lines, although the biological significance of these differences requires further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings will be a starting point for future studies on cancer biology in dogs. They will also contribute to developing novel anticancer therapies for canine patients and may provide new insights into human oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"447-458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/e2/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0042.PMC10561074.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41204224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine against penconazole-triggered hepatorenal toxicity in adult rats.","authors":"Ashraf M Morgan,&nbsp;Hanan A Ogaly,&nbsp;Shaimaa Kamel,&nbsp;Maha M Rashad,&nbsp;Eman I Hassanen,&nbsp;Marwa A Ibrahim,&nbsp;Mona K Galal,&nbsp;Aya M Yassin,&nbsp;Sharah A Al Dulmani,&nbsp;Fatimah A M Al-Zahrani,&nbsp;Ahmed M Hussien","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Penconazole (PEN) is a widely applied triazole fungicide. This study sought to define the efficacy of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in mitigating PEN-triggered hepatorenal toxicity in rats.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty-eight adult male albino Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: a normal control (NC), a PEN group, a NAC group and a PEN+NAC group. Administration of PEN (50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) every 2 days) and NAC (150 mg/kg b.w., daily) took place <i>via</i> oral gavage for 10 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Effective amelioration by NAC of PEN-induced liver and kidney dysfunction was indicated by a significant reduction in the circulating liver and kidney markers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea and creatinine). Attenuation of PEN-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney tissues was evident in a significant reduction in malondialdehyde and enhanced total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, NAC significantly reduced the histopathological alterations and the expression of tumour necrosis factor α in liver and kidney tissue. Furthermore, NAC maintained the messenger RNA levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), haem oxygenase 1, and Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein 1 and prevented nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) protein upregulation caused by PEN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>N-acetyl-1-cysteine protected against PEN-induced hepatorenal oxidative damage and inflammatory response <i>via</i> activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"459-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1c/d8/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0039.PMC10541664.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41123358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of carp edema virus in organs of infected juvenile common carp.","authors":"Marek Matras,&nbsp;Magdalena Stachnik,&nbsp;Ewa Borzym,&nbsp;Joanna Maj-Paluch,&nbsp;Michał Reichert","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV) manifests with lethargy as a primary sign; this observation in koi in Japan gained the disease the name koi sleepy disease (KSD). In the years following the discovery of the virus in Japan, KSD cases have been noted in the UK in koi and common carp. Conducting research in order to expand knowledge of the processes of distribution of CEV in infected fish organs will be helpful for eradication and diagnostic purposes.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Carp edema virus-affected fish with clinical signs of KSD were experimentally cohabited with common carp fry (30 fish). Three fish were euthanised by bath in a 0.5 g L^-1 tricaine solution at one week intervals (7, 14, 21 and 28 days post cohabitation). Tissue samples from the brain, gills, spleen, kidney, intestines and skin were collected, and the total DNA was extracted and tested by real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By the seventh day post infection, CEV DNA was most often found in the skin, gills and brain and less frequently in the kidney and intestines. In many of the common carp fry, CEV DNA could typically be found in several organs of each individual fish, although it was only found in one sample of spleen tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this experimental study the pathogenesis of the CEV infection process was shown, the high infectivity of CEV was confirmed and the best organs were determined for sampling in CEV-infection experimentation. The real-time PCR method used in our cohabitation experiments was shown to be useful at the clinical and asymptomatic stage of virus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"333-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/07/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0049.PMC10541666.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First molecular detection of <i>Brachyspira suanatina</i> on pig farms in Poland.","authors":"Piotr Cybulski,&nbsp;Katrin Strutzberg-Minder,&nbsp;Edyta Michalik,&nbsp;Radosław Kondratiuk,&nbsp;Artur Jablonski","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prior to the 2000s, swine dysentery was considered to be caused only by <i>Brachyspira hyodysenteriae</i> with contributing commensal intestinal anaerobes. Nowadays, it is known that the disease is caused by three strongly beta-haemolytic species of the anaerobic spirochaetal genus <i>Brachyspira, i.e. B. hyodysenteriae</i> and newly emerged <i>B. hampsonii</i> and <i>B. suanatina.</i></p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The present investigation was carried out in November 2022 on nine Polish high-performing finisher pig farms. At every location one fresh pooled faecal sample was collected from 40 randomly selected pigs of between 60 and 110 kg live weight. Nucleic acid extracted from each pooled faecal sample was analysed by an in-house multiplex PCR for <i>Brachyspira</i> spp<i>.</i>, which is capable of confirming the <i>Brachyspira</i> genus and detecting and differentiating <i>Brachyspira</i> species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From a total of nine samples examined, the genetic material of <i>B. suanatina</i> was detected in seven. Non-pathogenic/questionably pathogenic <i>Brachyspira</i> spp. were found in six samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of <i>B. suanatina</i> in pigs outside Scandinavia, Germany and the United Kingdom. Our research not only provides valuable epidemiological data on <i>B. suanatina</i> infection in Europe but also highlights both the importance of modern laboratory diagnostics and the need for thorough investigation across regions, including retrospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"353-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/72/57/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0038.PMC10541668.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilisation of Actiphage in combination with IS<i>900</i> qPCR as a diagnostic tool for rapid determination of paratuberculosis infection status in small ruminant herds.","authors":"Monika Beinhauerova,&nbsp;Iva Slana","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong><i>Mycobacterium avium</i> subsp. <i>paratuberculosis</i> (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic infectious intestinal disease occurring in domestic and wild ruminants. Early diagnosis of infected herds enabling timely adoption of control measures is tremendously important in view of the fact that the disease has a significant economic impact on farmers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of rapid detection of viable MAP on small ruminant farms based on environmental sample examination using a novel phage-based test named Actiphage.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 9 fresh and 28 frozen (8 or 11 years at -70°C) environmental samples originating from paratuberculosis-affected farms were analysed for the presence of MAP by four different diagnostic methods: Actiphage combined with real-time PCR targeting insertion sequence <i>900</i> (IS<i>900</i> qPCR), conventional phage amplification assay, culture (frozen samples only), and direct <i>ĪS900</i> qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Viable MAP was detected in one fresh environmental sample using Actiphage-IS<i>900</i> qPCR. None of the frozen samples tested positive using this diagnostic approach, which was consistent with the results of culture examination also providing information on viability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study describes other possible and innovative uses of phage-based methods in paratuberculosis control strategies. The Actiphage-qPCR was found to be less laborious than culture and provided results within six hours, suggesting that it may be a valuable tool for rapid initial determination of the infectious status of farmed animals based on environmental sample examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"347-352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d5/f7/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0041.PMC10541669.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of the haematological profile of pregnant Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cattle in the early stage.","authors":"Marcjanna Wrzecińska,&nbsp;Alicja Kowalczyk,&nbsp;Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska,&nbsp;Władysław Kordan,&nbsp;Jose Pedro Araujo","doi":"10.2478/jvetres-2023-0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cattle health and welfare are monitored <i>via</i> the analysis of the haematological profile, and it shows cattle's ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, pregnancy and lactation; profile changes also indicate reproductive disorders. The literature lacks reports of the examination of the haematological profile in cows up to the 50^th day of pregnancy (dop). Therefore, this research examined that in cows up to this pregnancy stage.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 101 Polish Holstein-Friesian black-and-white cows were divided into groups. The control groups consisted of non-pregnant heifers (group C00) and non-pregnant cows (group C0), and the experimental groups were pregnant heifers (group T1 at dop ≤ 28 and group T2 at dop ≥ 29-dop < 45) and pregnant cows (group T3 at dop ≥ 29-dop ≤ 50). In addition, the T3 group was divided into cows pregnant for up 45 dop and cows between 45 and 50 dop. Blood samples were collected in March and April 2021 from each animal and analysed. A transrectal ultrasound examination was performed to detect and confirm pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between the group of cows at dop < 45 dop and those at dop ≥ 45-dop ≤ 50 dop were noted in granulocyte percentage (GRA%), white and red blood cell counts (WBC/RBC), platelets (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), haematocrit (HCT) and lymphocyte percentage (LYM%). No statistically significant differences were found in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin, monocytes (MON), monocyte percentage (MON%), mean platelet volume (MPV), thrombocrit or red blood cell distribution width (RDW). Similar statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) emerged between the groups of heifers in PLT, GRA, RBC, lymphocytes, LYM% and HCT, and no significant differences were found between MPV, MON, MON% or RDW.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Examining the haematological profile in high-yielding cattle is vital in maintaining herd profitability and high reproduction, which depend on the quick diagnosis of disorders facilitated by haematology. This study analysed the haematology profile of dairy cattle at dop ≤ 50 for the first time, indicating changes in lymphocyte levels, which suggests that the animals experienced direct stress during the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":17617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Research","volume":"67 3","pages":"415-425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/32/02/jvetres-67-3-jvetres-2023-0043.PMC10541671.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41135377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}