Journal of Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Dietary and habitat use (non)specializations contribute to shaping the craniomandibular variation and developmental instability in a rodent community","authors":"J. J. Martínez,&nbsp;V. Millien,&nbsp;J. A. Coda,&nbsp;J. Priotto","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13244","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution and ecomorphology of rodent craniomandibular apparatus have been extensively studied at a broad spatial scale. However, the question of how phenotypes and developmental instability interact with ecological pressures in human-modified landscapes has been less explored. In this study, we test the influence of evolutionary history, diet, and habitat use on skull and mandible shape variation within a rodent community composed of eight cricetid species from an agroecosystem in central Argentina. We used geometric morphometrics, phylogenetic relationships, and ecological specializations in diet and habitat use to test the interplay between these factors. Our results indicated a strong phylogenetic signal for the symmetric components of the skull shape, but not for the mandible or asymmetric shapes. The strict insectivorous <i>Oxymycterus rufus</i> was the most phenotypically diverged within the rodent community. In general, more generalist species, both in terms of diet and habitat use, presented more phenotypic disparity (diversity) than specialists (e.g., strict insectivorous and natural and semi-natural specialists) in craniomandibular shape variation. Dietary generalists and non-strict granivores presented a tendency to show more skull asymmetric variation than non-strict insectivores. These results suggest that generalist species exhibit higher levels of variation compared to specialist species, likely due to their wider range of responses to environmental stress. In cricetid species with similar ecological preferences, coexistence may thus be facilitated by morphological partitioning and developmental instability canalization based on dietary differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 3","pages":"196-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite load, throat colors, and cellular immune response in Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus, a high-altitude gecko endemic to Morocco","authors":"O. Er-Rguibi,&nbsp;A. Aglagane,&nbsp;E. M. Laghzaoui,&nbsp;L. Kimdil,&nbsp;E. H. El Mouden","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Color polymorphisms in lizards are maintained by complex interactions between environmental factors, genetics, and physiological traits (e.g., immunity) that can differ among morphs. Here, we investigated the relationship between mite load, throat coloration (orange, yellow, and white), and cell-mediated immune responsiveness (CMI) in the Atlas day gecko, <i>Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus</i> (Boettger, 1874) during its post-mating period. We also evaluated the relationship between the patterns of infestation by ectoparasites and sex, throat color, and host size. The prevalence and intensity of infestation by mites did not differ by sex, host body length, or throat color. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship with host body condition. The CMI was related to sex and lizard body size (SVL). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between the intensity of infestation and the CMI response of the gecko hosts. Likewise, there was a significant positive correlation between CMI and the scaled mass index (SMi) of the lizards. In addition, geckos with broken tails had a significantly higher CMI than those with regenerated or intact tails. Moreover, CMI differed significantly among morphs; orange morphs had a higher immune response than yellow one, while the white individuals presented the lowest response. Thus, CMI is morph-specific in this gecko, suggesting that this immunological trait could play a determinant role in maintaining throat color polymorphism in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 3","pages":"224-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two in one: A case study of two rhizocephalan species invading the nervous tissue of one host","authors":"A. D. Lianguzova,&nbsp;L. O. Poliushkevich,&nbsp;E. P. Laskova,&nbsp;D. D. Golubinskaya,&nbsp;N. A. Arbuzova,&nbsp;A. M. Petruniak,&nbsp;A. M. Miroliubov","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13242","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Certain parasites can manipulate their hosts to enhance their own fitness and transmission success. Rhizocephalan barnacles are a notable example, inducing significant changes in their crustacean host's morphology, physiology, and behaviour. Until recently, it was believed that the spider crab <i>Scyra</i> aff. <i>ferox</i> is parasitized by a single species <i>Sacculina pilosella</i> in the Sea of Japan. However, previous molecular studies have revealed a complex of unrelated species, <i>Sacculina pugettiae</i> (fam. Sacculinidae) and <i>Parasacculina pilosella</i> (fam. Polyascidae). These rhizocephalans can even parasitize one host specimen simultaneously. Here, we investigated the interaction of <i>S. pugettiae</i> and <i>P. pilosella</i> with the nervous system of their common host. Species were identified based on receptacle morphology, with further validation through 18S gene phylogenetic analysis. The parasites interacted differently with the host nervous system: <i>S. pugettiae</i> had goblet-shaped organs in the ganglion periphery, while <i>P. pilosella</i> lacked these structures, instead possessing numerous neuropil rootlets. In case of simultaneous infection, both goblet-shaped organs and neuropil rootlets were present. Histochemistry revealed the presence of muscular rosettes in the rootlets of both species, suggesting a similar organization of the muscular system despite phylogenetic differences. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the presence of host cell projections enveloping the rootlets. This study provides insights into the morphological features of rhizocephalan-decapod interaction and highlights differences in their interaction with host nervous tissue between families. Our results also confirmed the loss of the goblet-shaped organs in Polyascidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 3","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the predation impact of an expanding mesocarnivore on declining small-game species","authors":"E. Descalzo,&nbsp;J. Jiménez,&nbsp;R. Villafuerte,&nbsp;M. Delibes-Mateos,&nbsp;F. Díaz-Ruiz,&nbsp;P. Ferreras","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13231","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human-wildlife conflicts have increased and are particularly acute when predators are involved. A frequent source of conflict is some people's misbeliefs related to the alleged impact of predators on game species and livestock. In this context, quantifying the impact of expanding predators on their prey can be useful in designing conflict mitigation strategies. We estimated the predation impact of the Egyptian mongoose (<i>Herpestes ichneumon</i>), an expanding mesocarnivore in southwestern Europe, on European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and red-legged partridge (<i>Alectoris rufa</i>) populations, two declining prey species highly valued by hunters. We estimated mongoose densities in three areas of central Spain through live capture, GPS/VHF tagging, camera-trapping and spatial mark-resight models. Rabbit and partridge densities were estimated through transect counts and distance sampling. We quantified the mongoose diet by scat analysis. Finally, we compared the number of individuals consumed by the predator population with the estimated total prey populations. European rabbits were the most important mongoose food in two of the study areas, whereas red-legged partridges were rarely consumed in all the areas. Rabbit density varied widely among study areas (14.0–881.4 rabbits/km²), while partridge density was low in all the areas (2.3–6.9 partridges/km2). The predation impact on rabbits was low in the area with the highest rabbit density (1.9–3.8% of estimated population) and higher (5.6–29%) in the other areas. In contrast, the predation impact on partridge populations was low (&lt;9%) in all the study areas. This is the first study that estimates the Egyptian mongoose impact on small-game species, a necessary step to deal with the conflicts over the management of this expanding species. The study of predation impact may contribute to the effective management of human-wildlife conflicts involving predators, by improving the understanding of where additional management may take place to protect prey species or deter predator populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 1","pages":"80-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autotomy in Achala copper lizard: do sex and body size traits influence tail loss and regeneration?","authors":"F. Cabezas-Cartes,&nbsp;M. M. Torres,&nbsp;L.J. Viladrich,&nbsp;G. Lopez Juri,&nbsp;S. Naretto","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13241","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autotomy in animals, the voluntary loss of a body part at a specific location, is a widespread behaviour observed across various groups. This mechanism provides several advantages, such as predator evasion, escape from entrapments, and even reduced injury costs from agonistic interactions. Lizards display tail autotomy in response to predation and intraspecific aggression. Moreover, it is common for these reptiles to have sexually dimorphic traits, such as colouration and body size, which may influence predation risk and consequently their antipredatory strategies. This study focuses on the Achala copper lizard (<i>Pristidactylus achalensis</i>) which inhabits an isolated highland ecosystem in central Argentina. This species is an ideal study model due to its territorial and aggressive behaviour, high intraspecific competition and sexual dichromatism. The aims of this study were to determine the influence of sex and body size on the occurrence of tail autotomy in <i>P. achalensis</i>. Additionally, we assessed the cost of autotomy by analysing the distance between the vent and the tail cut. Furthermore, we investigated the possibility of repeated tail autotomy by a single individual. Our results showed that in <i>P. achalensis</i>, sex and body size interacted significantly resulting in different patterns of tail autotomy. In females, the frequency of autotomy increased gradually with body size, whereas in males it increased more abruptly and reached its maximum frequency at smaller body sizes than in females. Males presented higher autotomy frequencies than females, likely because they are more likely to be perceived by avian predators than cryptic females. The findings of this study contribute to broadening the knowledge of lizard behaviour, shedding light on the complex interplay between predation, intraspecific competition and reproductive dynamics in this unique species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 2","pages":"166-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How reliably do keratinous tissues predict total mercury concentration in internal tissues of a highly mobile carnivore with a terrestrial diet?","authors":"C. Warret Rodrigues,&nbsp;F. Wang,&nbsp;N. M. Halden,&nbsp;P. Yang,&nbsp;J. D. Roth","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13238","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hair offers a non-invasive way to assess mercury exposure in diverse species, but variable and poorly understood molt patterns in wildlife may hamper the interpretation of tracer levels in hair. The reliability of using hair to precisely assess internal mercury burden, thus, varies across species, but few studies have assessed the reliability of using claw. Claws grow continuously, and growth rate may be easier to monitor than molt patterns. We quantified total mercury concentration (THg) in internal and keratinous tissues of 55 red foxes (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>) legally harvested near Arctic tree line in Canada in winter (i.e., when mobility and opportunistic foraging are maximal) to compare the performance of hair and claw in predicting internal mercury burden, and examine the overall capacity of THg in keratinous tissues to predict internal THg at low exposure. Red foxes are widespread, occur at high densities and occupy a high trophic position, and thus could be a good sentinel species for monitoring mercury in the less-studied terrestrial food webs. We found generally low levels of THg in all fox tissues (range: 0.06 mg kg⁻¹ in brain to 1.13 mg kg⁻¹ in hair) indicating overall low contamination of this low-Arctic terrestrial food web. Relationships between THg of diverse internal organs were strong, but THg in both claws and hair were poor predictors of THg in internal organs. We thus advise caution when interpreting mercury levels in keratinous tissues of highly mobile species, as they may over- or underestimate the overall levels of exposure of a population because of non-continuous or seasonal growth. Adding a time component using segmental analysis of continuously growing keratinous tissues, or associating multiple tissues reflecting diverse timeframes and physiological processes, may offer a more accurate and complete understanding of toxicological risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 2","pages":"102-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13238","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between flight feather moult and fuelling in Eastern European great snipes Gallinago media","authors":"M. Witkowska,&nbsp;M. Korniluk,&nbsp;P. Pinchuk,&nbsp;T. Tumiel,&nbsp;N. Karlionova,&nbsp;W. Meissner","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The great snipe <i>Gallinago media</i>, as a long-distant migrant wintering in Africa, faces the challenge of accumulating sufficient energy reserves before departing from European breeding grounds. Despite possible trade-offs in resource allocation, this species additionally initiates moult of flight feathers before southward migration. Here, we discuss the strategy of flight feather moult and fuelling for female and male great snipes from the Eastern European lowland population, exploring their scheduling constrained by the timing of breeding and departure. We found significant intersexual differences in both moult initiation date and the speed of moult. Males start flight feather replacement more than 2 weeks earlier and moult at a faster rate compared to females. However, neither sex completed this process on breeding grounds before the migration, as late in the season all males and half of the females had suspended their primary moult, with the remaining females not moulted at all. Moult of secondaries rarely occurred in the studied population. We observed non-linear energetic stores gain in the studied period, where both sexes maintained stable and low energy stores until the end of July, coinciding with the primary moulting period. Subsequently, there was an increase in energy stores of approximately 1% of the lean body mass per day, indicating a shift towards fuelling for migratory flight. The overlap between stages of stable and low energy stores and moulting suggests a resource allocation towards feather growth before initiating fuelling. Besides limiting a trade-off in resource allocation, this strategy may also contribute to minimizing predation risk, as both increased body mass and missing flight feathers may impair flight. Our study describes moult strategy in great snipe conducted on their breeding grounds, highlighting intersexual differences likely resulting from different parental duties of males and females of this lekking species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 2","pages":"135-146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dark ventral colouration indicates head size in a semi-colonial gecko","authors":"M. Comas","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Several animals present ornamental colouration which acts as signals in sexual or other social contexts by indicating some trait of the bearer. This colouration is often present only in one sex and may be produced by a varied combination of structural elements and several pigments. Given that colours may be produced in different ways, the traits the colouration is indicating, and the costs or trade?offs associated, may differ according to the colour and the species studied. Here, I study a dark ventral colouration present in males of the gecko Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus, a high-altitude, semi-colonial lizard endemic to the High Atlas in North Africa. I tested for the correlation between the extension of the dark colouration and several morphological traits (body size, head size and limb length) in the gecko, as well as parasitism by mites and age. No relationship was found between dark colouration and parasitism, age and limb length, but the extension of the dark colouration was positively correlated with head size controlled for body size. Given that head size is usually a good indicator of fighting capacity, and this gecko shows a strong social structure, the findings suggest that the dark colouration is used in agonistic encounters among males, allowing for evaluation of the fighting capacity of the rivals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 2","pages":"147-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding ecology of two wild sympatric canids in protected areas of northeastern Argentina","authors":"R. Bay-Jouliá,&nbsp;V. L. Romero,&nbsp;M. B. Natalini,&nbsp;M. M. Kowalewski","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The role of mesocarnivores in wildlife communities tends to be overlooked, which has led to a large gap in natural history knowledge. In northeastern Argentina, two mesocarnivore foxes, <i>Cerdocyon thous</i> and <i>Lycalopex gymnocercus</i>, live in sympatry in noncompetitive coexistence. Their feeding habits have been studied in many occasions; however, the studies related to trophic variability in a wider spatial scale remain scarce. In this study, we aimed to analyze how the diet of these foxes varies in three protected areas in Argentina: the Mburucuyá National Park (MNP), the “San Nicolás Portal” (SN), and the Natural Reserve Rincón de Santa María (RSM). We collected fecal samples in each area, identified them using thin layer chromatography at species level, and classified the found feeding items to obtained two parameters: occurrence and relative frequency. Furthermore, we compared the diet of the two species in each site and between sites using chi-square and estimated trophic niche breadth and overlap between the species. We found that both species consumed different food categories, with variable frequencies across study sites. We observed that in each area, the foxes differed in diet composition. However, we found no differences between the diet compositions of <i>C. thous</i> and <i>L. gymnocercus</i>, showing high niche overlap in each site. Here, we show the plasticity of both fox species in changing their diets even with small geographical variation. Both species can coexist even with a high diet overlap, possibly explained by their noncompetitive coexistence which may occur due to the current changes in the ecosystem interactions, or partitioning may exist but on a smaller niche level.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 3","pages":"233-241"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ninja turtles: an experimental evaluation of potential anthropogenic barriers to movement for a freshwater turtle","authors":"J. M. Dowling,&nbsp;D. S. Bower,&nbsp;E. J. Nordberg","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13236","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anthropogenic landscape change due to urbanization, agriculture, and resource extraction results in barriers within the landscape. Artificial structures such as roads, fences, levees, and dams limit the movement of some species and further fragment residual habitat. In this study, we investigated the ability of Eastern long-necked turtles (<i>Chelodina longicollis</i>) to cross various terrestrial obstacles commonly encountered throughout their habitat. We tested two types of fences (chicken wire and hinged joint exclusion fencing) commonly used in agricultural systems and three sizes of rocks (gravel, cobbles, and boulders) often used for road construction, erosion control, and waterway stabilization. We examined the success rates of turtles in crossing obstacles, the effect of fatigue on crossing attempts, and the impact of individual boldness on movement behaviour. Turtles had high success rates in crossing gravel (85.4%), cobbles (86%), boulders (73.3%) and hinged joint exclusion fencing (94.7%). Turtles did not successfully cross chicken wire fencing (0%) despite 276 attempts. A significant fatigue effect occurred throughout the experiment, with turtles making an average of 3.94 (±1.42 SE) fewer attempts at the end of the experiment (day 18) than on day 1. Bolder turtles were faster at crossing obstacles, but boldness had no influence on obstacle-crossing success. Our results highlight the need for thoughtful selection of waterway, wetland, and riparian bordering infrastructure and the fatiguing impact of constant exposure to anthropogenic barriers for wildlife.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"325 2","pages":"124-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}