Journal of Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Swimming ability of the Carybdea marsupialis (Cnidaria: Cubozoa: Carybdeidae): implications for its spatial distribution","authors":"C. Bordehore,&nbsp;S. Manchado-Pérez,&nbsp;E. S. Fonfría","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13197","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although usually considered part of the plankton, cubozoans are strong swimmers. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the active swimming ability of the box jellyfish <i>Carybdea marsupialis</i> on the spatial distribution of a well-studied population in the NW Mediterranean where adults and juveniles do not overlap geographically. To accomplish this, we analyzed the swimming speed, effective velocity, effective displacement index (EDI), and proficiency of 27 individuals with diagonal bell widths (DBWs) ranging from 1.1 to 36 mm. The laboratory analysis utilized conventional video recordings and the video analysis tool Tracker. Mean swimming speed for small juveniles, medium juveniles and adults was 9.7 ± 0.8, 21.9 ± 2.3 and 43.1 ± 1.8 mm s⁻¹ (mean ± <span>se</span>), respectively. Effective velocity was also proportional to size, ranging from 5.0 ± 0.7 to 38.8 ± 3.1 mm s⁻¹ (mean ± <span>se</span>). The calculated EDI for each group was 0.51 ± 0.05, 0.84 ± 0.06 and 0.90 ± 0.05 (mean ± <span>se</span>), respectively. Proficiency showed an inverse trend, from 6.4 ± 0.6 s⁻¹ for the small juveniles to 1.36 ± 0.05 for adults (mean ± <span>se</span>). Comparing the swimming speed results with the local currents obtained from drifting buoys analyzed in the area, adults would be able to swim strongly enough to overcome almost 70% of the currents, whereas the small juveniles would not reach 17%. This would allow larger individuals to select their habitat, while smaller individuals are left dependent on advection. Although experiments adding currents in aquaria would be necessary to confirm these theoretical results, the data obtained would be useful in improving the performance of bio-mathematical models used to predict jellyfish blooms since, even though the sting of <i>C. marsupialis</i> is non-fatal, it may produce systemic effects in sensitive swimmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"324 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13197","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141512207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-group sex ratios predict growth of social mole-rats","authors":"H. M. Bensch,&nbsp;J. Thorley,&nbsp;K. T. Finn,&nbsp;M. Zöttl","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Groups of wild animals can vary considerably in their composition, including in the proportion of group members who are male or female, that is the within-group sex ratio. Variation in within-group sex ratios can arise from active adjustment of litter sex ratios by mothers, from sex differences in mortality, dispersal and immigration, or from stochastic variation in recruitment. Variation in the within-group sex ratio can have consequences for within-group competition and can affect individual life histories throughout development. In this paper, we explore which processes may generate variation in within-group sex ratios in wild Damaraland mole-rats (<i>Fukomys damarensis</i>), a singular cooperative breeder. We investigate whether within-group sex ratios predict the growth, body condition and philopatry of individuals. We show that although the population-level sex ratio is balanced, skewed within-group sex ratios are common, particularly among small groups. Our data suggests that stochastic variation in the sex of recruits explains natural variation in the sex ratio of wild groups. Non-breeding individuals in groups with a sex ratio biased towards their own sex grow more slowly than individuals in groups biased towards the opposite sex, suggesting that intra-sexual competition may decrease growth rates. We suggest that the costs of competition may contribute to the large variation in growth observed in social mole-rat groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"324 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A methodological workflow for quantitative colouration and colour pattern comparison reveals taxonomic and habitat-level differences in the polymorphic fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)","authors":"L. Alarcón-Ríos,&nbsp;D. Álvarez,&nbsp;G. Velo-Antón","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13194","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study of colour, including physical properties and patterns, is an essential step in comprehensively understanding the role, evolution and diversification of this trait involved in functions like survival, performance, reproductive success and communication. While quantitative studies on colour have primarily focused on colour attributes, such as hue or brightness, the quantitative assessment of how colours are distributed across an organism's body (i.e. pattern) has received less attention despite its high functionality irrespective and together with colour. This gap is particularly noticeable in amphibians, especially in highly polymorphic, continuously variable species. In this study, we use the urodele <i>Salamandra salamandra</i> as a study model to apply an analytical approach for extracting and quantifying colour proportions and patterns variation using the recently developed R packages <i>patternize</i> and <i>recolorize</i> to precisely describe and compare colour distribution at both taxonomic and habitat levels. We first assessed the potential application of this workflow in taxonomic studies by examining its accuracy and sensitivity in differentiating morphs, using <i>S. s. bernardezi</i> and <i>S. s. gallaica</i> subspecies. Subsequently, we applied the same analytical approach to compare colour and colour pattern shifts among population of <i>S. s. bernardezi</i> within an urban–forest system. Our results demonstrated that this methodological workflow effectively detects differences in colour patterns at the taxonomic and habitat levels, confirming its utility in different fields, from systematics to eco-evolutionary studies. Furthermore, our results revealed an increased prevalence of melanistic colouration and a less homogeneous colour pattern within urban settings, contributing to the limited number of studies about amphibian colouration in anthropic habitats. We outline and discuss alternative hypotheses to explain these patterns, although further investigation is necessary to address several new questions that arise from our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"324 1","pages":"34-49"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Bergmann's and Jordan's rules valid for a neotropical pitviper?","authors":"L. M. Servino,&nbsp;J. M. G. Ferrarini,&nbsp;C. d. C. Nogueira,&nbsp;F. E. Barbo,&nbsp;R. J. Sawaya","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13193","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Morphological variation along the spatial distribution of species has been extensively investigated in ecological studies, and several ecogeographical rules explore the relationships between morphological traits and the environment. Many morphological traits are correlated, providing an opportunity to evaluate the validity of multiple ecogeographical rules simultaneously. Bergmann's rule predicts that endothermic animals in colder locations are larger than those in warmer locations. Jordan's rule predicts that fish from colder locations have more vertebrae than those from warmer locations. We tested the validity of Bergmann's and Jordan's rules for the neotropical lancehead snake <i>Bothrops jararaca</i>. We evaluated three morphological characters of 342 specimens: number of ventral scales (proxy for vertebrae number), snout–vent length (a linear measure of body size) and stoutness (volumetric body size). We implemented spatial regressions to evaluate the variation of morphological dimensions using climatic predictors: the minimum temperature and evapotranspiration. SVL was poorly related to minimum temperature and evapotranspiration. However, stouter individuals were found in colder places with greater evapotranspiration, following Bergmann's rule and the water conservation hypothesis. Individuals in warmer locations also had a greater number of ventral scales, reversing Jordan's rule. We showed that different selective pressures act on different morphological dimensions. Although stoutness follows Bergmann's rule, its variation would arise from an energy storage demand rather than heat conservation. Also, stoutness variation along evapotranspiration gradients could represent a mechanism to avoid hydric stress in environments with considerable climatic variations. The variation in vertebrae number along temperature gradients could be related to ecological factors and foraging. We highlight that physioecological mechanisms to deal with climatic variation and ecological aspects could be identified in snakes through intraspecific analyses, contrasting with interspecific studies that can hardly detect general trends. Due to different environmental effects on body size, we shed new light on the importance of exploring multiple morphological dimensions in macroecological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"323 4","pages":"346-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The socio-spatial ecology of giant anteaters in the Brazilian Cerrado","authors":"A. Chhen,&nbsp;A. Bertassoni,&nbsp;A. L. J. Desbiez,&nbsp;M. J Noonan","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.13195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Movement is a key component of an animal's life history. While there are numerous factors that influence movement, there is an inherent link between a species' social ecology and its movement ecology. Despite this inherent relationship, the socio-spatial ecology of many species remains unknown, hampering ecological theory and conservation alike. Here, we use fine-scale GPS location data and continuous-time stochastic processes to study the socio-spatial ecology of 23 giant anteaters (<i>Myrmecophaga tridactyla</i>) in the Brazilian Cerrado. We found that individuals occupied stable home ranges with a mean area of 5.45 km² with males having significantly larger home ranges than females. The average amount of home-range overlap was low (0.20, <i>n</i> = 121 dyads), with no evidence that giant anteater home ranges were structured based on territorial, mate-guarding, or other social behaviour. We also identified a total of 2774 encounter events. Interestingly, both female–male and male–male dyads had significantly more encounters than female–female dyads, with two pronounced seasonal peaks in female–male encounters. Though encounters occurred frequently, associations between dyads were generally weak and there was little evidence of any correlated movement (mean amount of total correlation = 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest giant anteaters are a solitary and largely asocial species that readily share space with conspecifics. Despite their present capacity to share space, the combined pressures of being condensed into smaller areas and decreased food availability due to increased pesticide use may cause behavioural changes radiating throughout the population. Our study provides insight into heretofore unknown aspects of the socio-spatial ecology of this iconic, but understudied species, as well as crucial information for proactive area-based management. Ultimately, these findings contribute towards sustainable development while potentially maintaining the ecological integrity of giant anteaters and their habitats.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"324 1","pages":"50-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalist carabid beetles are more malacophagous than previously recognized and cause diversified types of shell damage","authors":"T. Němec,&nbsp;M. Horsák","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13179","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13179","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although most carabids are carnivorous generalists, some species show dietary specializations such as malacophagy, which is characterized by two main strategies of snail predation: entering the shell or breaking it. The shell-breaking strategy has been well studied in the malacophagous specialists of the tribe Licinini. However, little is known about the ability of other carabids to feed on snails and, in particular, to use the shell-breaking strategy. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the ability of various generalist carabid species to feed on snails under laboratory conditions. We recorded 723 instances of predation in 89 of 180 carabid individuals (representing 23 of 33 species); all of them were exclusively shell-breaking attacks. While carabids mostly favoured individuals &lt;8 mm as prey, they showed no preference for shell shape. Using a subset of 14 carabid species with a high frequency of snail predation, we found significant differences between the predation rates of carabid species depending on their body size using GLMMs. This study revealed that many generalist carabids can indeed feed on snails by breaking the shell, but predation rates were highly inconsistent among individual species. Shell-breaking patterns of generalists differed markedly from those of malacophagous specialists reported in the literature, as damage parallel to the shell coiling axis occurred more frequently than spiral damage. Our results show that the shell-breaking predation patterns of carabids are closely related to their degree of dietary specialization on snails and that many generalist carabids frequently accept snails as their prey.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"324 1","pages":"11-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weather conditions at different spatial and temporal scales influence avian post-breeding migration patterns on route","authors":"R. Benjumea,&nbsp;C. Astrain,&nbsp;A. Istúriz,&nbsp;P. Oria,&nbsp;I. Ibarrola,&nbsp;M. del Mar Delgado","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13178","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Migration plays a central role in many ecological and evolutionary processes. Global patterns of climatic variation are having a profound influence upon animal migration patterns. Even though regular counts of bird migrations at bottleneck sites can certainly offer insights into how natural populations of different species at different scales are responding to changes in weather conditions, they have not yet been widely used. By analysing a time series of regular counts, collected during autumn, of 126 species migrating during the daytime through one of the most important migratory bottlenecks in Western Europe, we found that an increase in temperature at the regional scale, as well as a decrease in precipitation level during the breeding period, may result not only in a decrease in the migration rate during autumn but also in a delay in the timing of fall migration. Furthermore, adverse weather conditions at the local scale interrupted bird migration through the bottleneck until favourable weather conditions returned. Importantly, temporal variation in the number of migratory birds followed a nonlinear pattern, something which might be partially due to the idiosyncratic responses of migratory species with different life-history characteristics to changes in weather conditions. Our results highlight that migration is a nonlinear, multiscale and multi-faceted process, suggesting that it will be difficult to predict the responses of idiosyncratic migratory species to the unpredictable effects of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"323 4","pages":"305-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141364301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conundrum of turtle and tortoise basking: A critical review","authors":"B. C. Chessman","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13175","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13175","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Behaviours designated as basking span a broad array of ectothermic and endothermic animals. Understanding the role that basking plays in thermal biology is important because maintaining body temperatures within certain limits is essential to survival, growth and reproduction, and may affect responses to climate change. In the case of turtles and tortoises, behaviours designated as basking may occur out of water, at the surface of a water body or deep in a water body, during the day or at night, and with or without exposure to solar radiation or another heat source. On the available evidence, the primary function of most nominal chelonian basking is thermoregulatory warming, which provides numerous benefits including expediting gonadal recrudescence, enhancing foraging, feeding, digestion and growth, and amelioration of infectious disease and endoparasitism. Substantial evidence supports conditioning of the skin and shell as a common additional function of chelonian basking. Other functions of nominal chelonian basking with some supporting evidence for particular species and environments are thermoregulatory cooling, leech removal, vitamin D synthesis and osmotic control. Nominal chelonian basking may sometimes be undertaken for resting or avoiding aggression, but supporting evidence is scant. The only uniting feature of all chelonian behaviours designated as basking is quiescence, but not all quiescent chelonian behaviours are labelled as basking. Consequently, the general meaning of chelonian basking is indeterminate. Avoiding ambiguity requires the provision of explicit criteria by which basking can be distinguished from other quiescent behaviours, and the attachment of qualifiers that specify the applicable time of day, medium and environmental exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"323 4","pages":"263-283"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular morphology in four species of insectivorous bats: the impact of sexual dimorphism and geographical differentiation","authors":"D. A. Crampton,&nbsp;G. Giacomini,&nbsp;C. Meloro","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13177","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13177","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chiroptera is the only mammalian order that has adapted to active flight, offering a unique platform to study ecomorphological adaptations. While bats exhibit a diverse diet, the focus of this study is on insectivorous bats, specifically four species: <i>Myotis daubentonii</i>, <i>Nyctalus noctula</i>, <i>Plecotus austriacus</i> and <i>Rhinolophus ferrumequinum</i>. It is important to note that despite sharing an insectivorous diet, these species occupy different ecological niches, perform distinct feeding strategies and explore varied habitats to capture prey. Using 2-D geometric morphometrics, we analysed a sample of mandibles to identify differences in size and shape among these species. We also investigated ecogeographical variation within their overlapping distribution across continental Europe. Significant differences in both mandibular size and shape were found among the four species. Sexual dimorphism influenced only the mandibular shape of <i>R. ferrumequinum</i>. A latitudinal gradient in mandibular size was found solely in <i>N. noctula</i>, while longitude significantly explained shape variation in <i>M. daubentonii</i>. These findings suggest that even within the ecological guild of insectivorous bats, there exists a diverse range of morphological adaptations that allow these species to occupy distinct ecological niches.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"323 4","pages":"331-345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.13177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of growing season and individual growth rates on the occurrence of larval overwintering in Otton frog tadpoles","authors":"N. Iwai","doi":"10.1111/jzo.13176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jzo.13176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The timing and size of metamorphosis are crucial for the future fitness of organisms with complex life cycles, such as amphibians. In some amphibian species, a portion of tadpoles will metamorphose in their natal year whereas others from the same cohort overwinter as tadpoles. Low temperature and food availability were previously assumed to be the underlying reasons; however, the factors influencing the decision to overwinter as tadpoles or metamorphose in the natal year have not been extensively studied. This study investigated these factors by conducting laboratory-rearing experiments on <i>Babina subaspera</i> tadpoles. The tadpoles were individually reared under controlled temperature and light conditions that simulated five different growing seasons (i.e., the start month) observed in the field. Four different food quantity levels were set to induce different growth rates, which were measured individually. The results revealed that 33 tadpoles metamorphosed within their natal year, whereas 52 tadpoles were overwintered as tadpoles and metamorphosed the following spring. The size at metamorphosis was larger in tadpoles that metamorphosed after winter than in those that metamorphosed before winter. Whether tadpoles metamorphosed before or after winter was influenced by the individual growth rate and growing season. Tadpoles with slower growth rates were more likely to metamorphose after winter, possibly because slower growth prevented them from reaching the critical size threshold required for metamorphosis before winter. The threshold for the occurrence of larval overwintering varied with the growing season; tadpoles that spawned later in the year were more likely to overwinter, even with a high growth rate. The results suggested that slow-growing <i>B. subaspera</i> tadpoles with insufficient time until the onset of winter would gain a higher fitness by metamorphosing after winter. This would be advantageous due to the tadpoles' potentially high survival rate during dormancy as well as their larger size at metamorphosis in the following year.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"323 4","pages":"284-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}