Journal of Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Do fawn-footed mosaic-tailed rats experience age-related cognitive decline in novel object recognition?","authors":"K. DiBenedetto,&nbsp;M. K. Rowell,&nbsp;T. L. Rymer","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ageing is associated with a reduction in cognitive function and numerous studies have focused on age-related cognitive decline in laboratory rodent models to provide insight into human ageing and neurogenerative disease. However, fewer studies have focused on age-related cognitive decline in captive wild animals, which typically live longer than their free-roaming wild counterparts. In this study, we investigated whether recognition memory, measured using a novel object recognition (NOR) task, declines with age in a captive population of native Australian fawn-footed mosaic-tailed rats (<i>Melomys cervinipes</i>). Adult individual mosaic-tailed rats were tested for NOR twice, 4.6 years apart. Both younger and older mosaic-tailed rats took longer to approach the novel object, while intermediate-aged rats responded the fastest. Interestingly, rats were also less discriminatory when at an intermediate age, although this was not statistically significant. Sex affected the number of interactions with the novel object, with female mosaic-tailed rats interacting more with the unfamiliar object than males. This is the first study exploring age-related cognitive decline in NOR in a native Australian rodent, indicating that recognition abilities of mosaic-tailed rats do not diminish over time. Instead, some intrinsic biological factors affect NOR and there may be a trade-off in energetic investment associated with neophobia and other factors during the prime-of-life.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 3","pages":"247-256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social roles and resource competition mediate intraspecific interactions of Chilean Flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis) in southern Brazil","authors":"H. C. Delfino,&nbsp;P. Rose,&nbsp;C. J. Carlos","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In social birds such as flamingos, intraspecific interactions are frequent and play a key role in flock cohesion, communication, and the establishment of social networks. These behaviors can reduce competition stress and enhance protection, but their nature and underlying motivations vary. Understanding the patterns and drivers of these interactions can provide valuable ecological insights and inform management, husbandry, and conservation practices. We observed agonistic intra-flock interactions in a wild population of Chilean Flamingo (<i>Phoenicopterus chilensis</i>) at Lagoa do Peixe National Park, southern Brazil. Data were collected on the interactions, flock composition, and environmental conditions. Based on the individuals involved, their characteristics, and the nature of behavioral displays, we classified interactions into three types: unilateral disputes, bilateral disputes, and brief altercations. Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, we analyzed the influence of flock and environmental variables on two main factors: the probability of physical aggression and the mean duration time of interactions. Our findings indicate that unilateral and bilateral disputes were primarily influenced by flock-related variables, especially during periods with more males and denser aggregations, suggesting a social-driven origin. In contrast, brief altercations were affected by both social and environmental factors, becoming longer in resource-scarce conditions, which indicates competition-driven behavior. These results highlight a dual mechanism shaping intra-flock aggression in Chilean Flamingos: social roles and resource competition. This complexity reveals a fundamental trade-off in group living, between the safety of sociality and the costs of increased conflict, offering important perspectives for the ecological understanding of this and other social species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 3","pages":"257-270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifts in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of bees and wasps primarily reflect temperature variations rather than the amount of sealed ground surfaces in an urban landscape","authors":"A. Ferrari,&nbsp;D. S. Rodríguez-León,&nbsp;T. Schmitt,&nbsp;C. Polidori","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The primary function of insect cuticular hydrocarbons (CHC) is to protect the bearer against desiccation, with long-chain saturated (<i>n</i>-alkanes) compounds being the substance class with the strongest effect. The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is the process by which cities become hotter than their surrounding semi-natural areas. This can potentially subject insects to heat and desiccation stress and likely induce shifts in their CHC profile. This hypothesis was tested in three different aculeate Hymenoptera: the bees <i>Halictus scabiosae</i> and <i>Osmia cornuta</i> and the wasp <i>Polistes dominula</i>, sampled in different urban settings in the metropolitan city of Milan (Italy). We expected that warmer and more urbanized areas favour insects with a higher abundance of <i>n</i>-alkanes and a lower abundance of alkenes and/or methyl-branched alkanes. In addition, we expect CHC profiles with longer medium chain length of hydrocarbons and particularly of <i>n</i>-alkanes in these areas. We found that temperature, more than the amount of sealed ground surfaces (a proxy of urbanization), explained the shifts in the CHC profiles of all the three species. The strongest shifts were found in <i>O. cornuta</i> and <i>P. dominula</i> compared with <i>H. scabiosae</i>. <i>P. dominula</i> shifted to longer mean hydrocarbon chain length and longer mean <i>n-</i>alkanes chain length with increasing monthly site temperature. In addition, <i>P. dominula</i> showed a CHC profile poorer in <i>n</i>-alkanes and richer in methyl-branched alkanes only under hotter conditions in the most urbanized sites. This suggests complex interactions between temperature and the degree of urbanization. The species-specific responses to temperature can be explained by the inherent characteristics of the CHC profiles, as the two species with the lowest relative abundance of <i>n</i>-alkanes (<i>O. cornuta</i> and <i>P. dominula</i>) showed the strongest shifts in their CHC profiles. These results show that variations in CHC profiles within a species can be detected even at small spatial scales, such as along urbanization gradients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 3","pages":"224-236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70125","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting mechanisms driving the northward expansion of African raptors in Europe","authors":"A.-R. Muñoz,&nbsp;S. López-Ramírez,&nbsp;J. M. García-Carrasco,&nbsp;R. Real","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The contrasting mechanisms driving the northward expansion of African raptors into Europe provide a unique opportunity to understand how these species overcome substantial geographical barriers and a major biogeographic boundary. To explore these mechanisms, we analysed three species currently expanding across the Afro-Palaearctic system: the Atlas Long-legged Buzzard (<i>Buteo rufinus cirtensis</i>), Rüppell's Vulture (<i>Gyps rueppelli</i>), and White-backed Vulture (<i>Gyps africanus</i>). Using species distribution models based on topo-climatic predictors, we estimated environmental favourability for breeding across 6203 operational geographic units and compared outputs with breeding records, recent sightings, ecological traits, and evidence of interspecific interactions. Our results reveal contrasting colonization pathways. The Atlas Long-legged Buzzard shows broad climatic favourability across North Africa and parts of southern Europe, indicating a climate-driven range expansion facilitated by increasingly favourable environmental conditions. By contrast, African vultures exhibit negligible climatic favourability in Europe, despite multiple field observations, including hybrid breeding attempts with Griffon Vultures (<i>Gyps fulvus</i>) in the case of Rüppell's Vultures, while observations of immature White-backed Vultures remain few and anecdotal per se, yet they have been recorded increasingly and more regularly over the past few years. This mismatch suggests that vulture colonization in Europe is unlikely to be climate-mediated and may instead be facilitated by socially assisted vagrancy, with immature African vultures following migratory Griffon Vultures and integrating into their social and spatial networks. Our findings thus show that African raptors may be transgressing current biogeographic boundaries through fundamentally different mechanisms, with climate-driven expansion in buzzards and socially mediated dispersal in vultures, underscoring the importance of integrating behavioural ecology and interspecific interactions into predictions of species redistribution under global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 2","pages":"145-155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving strategies in the Sahara: Understanding diel activity patterns of ungulates in hyper-arid regions","authors":"F. J. Herrera-Sánchez,&nbsp;T. Abáigar,&nbsp;J. Rodríguez-Siles,&nbsp;J. M. Sáez,&nbsp;T. Lahlafi,&nbsp;Á. Arredondo,&nbsp;I. Cancio,&nbsp;J. Pérez,&nbsp;M. Sánchez-Cerdá,&nbsp;J. M. Martín-Sánchez,&nbsp;M. Á. Díaz-Portero,&nbsp;A. Qninba,&nbsp;E. Virgós,&nbsp;J. M. Gil-Sánchez","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diel activity patterns provide insight into how animals adapt to environmental constraints, human disturbance, and community context. However, empirical information on diel activity of large, free-ranging ungulates in hyper-arid systems is limited, and much of the existing evidence comes from fenced enclosures or managed reserves. To investigate these mechanisms, we used Cuvier's gazelle (<i>Gazella cuvieri</i>) as a model species to examine seasonal and ecological drivers of activity in a hyper-arid Saharan landscape. A total camera trap effort of 11 333 trap days was accumulated across four sites. We studied both abiotic (seasons, moon phase, and rainfall) and biotic factors (activity of the African golden wolf, Barbary sheep, and livestock). The influence of each factor was assessed using the activity overlap coefficient (∆) and the non-parametric circular Mardia–Watson–Wheeler test. Period selection within the diel cycle was analysed using chi-square contingency tables and the ‘Wi’ parameter of the resource selection coefficients. Cuvier's gazelle exhibited predominantly diurnal activity with bimodal crepuscular peaks at dawn and dusk and reduced activity at midday. The main drivers were wet/dry periods and moon phase. In contrast, intra-guild factors did not produce significant effects, although temporal asynchrony with wolves and slight behavioural shifts in the presence of livestock were observed. Overall, gazelles avoided nocturnal hours and selected crepuscular periods. These findings strengthen our understanding of behavioural adaptations of an endangered species in hyper-arid environments and contribute to broader knowledge of ungulate activity patterns under extreme ecological constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 2","pages":"115-129"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multi-mechanistic basis of metabolic scaling","authors":"D. S. Glazier","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>According to a recent article published in this journal, hypometric scaling of the rate of metabolism in animals (where the log–log scaling slope &lt;1) results from the hypometric scaling of muscle resource demand that is proportional to muscle contraction velocity/frequency. According to this “muscle contraction model” (MCM), larger animals have a relatively low mass-specific metabolic rate because they expend less energy on slower, less frequent muscular contractions compared with smaller animals. My article offers a different perspective that makes two major points. First, no evidence unequivocally supports, and several lines of evidence contradict the MCM, thus calling into question its tenability and general applicability. Second, no single mechanism can fully explain the diversity of metabolic scaling observed in the living world. Therefore, I advocate a multi-mechanistic view that includes effects of both resource supply and demand and their regulated interaction, and that distinguishes mechanisms operating in ectotherms versus endotherms and intra- versus interspecific metabolic scaling, and via external versus internal and proximate (functional) versus ultimate (evolutionary) causes/constraints. Important proximate mechanisms include various age/size-dependent resource-demanding biological processes (e.g., growth, reproduction, thermogenesis, and locomotion) and age/size-dependent changes in the relative masses of tissues with high versus low metabolic activity that interact with age/size-dependent resource supply, mediated by cellular and organismal surface areas and internal transport networks that deliver resources to metabolizing cells and expel their wastes (including heat). Mortality rate and associated adaptive life-history responses appear to be important ultimate causes that drive the “pace of life” and supporting metabolic energy expenditure (“fire of life”) and their scaling with body mass by means of various proximate mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 2","pages":"99-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social clustering behavior in hatchling western saw-shelled turtles (Myuchelys bellii)","authors":"D. T. McKnight,&nbsp;D. S. Bower,&nbsp;C. Ventura,&nbsp;L. M. Streeting,&nbsp;E. J. Nordberg","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Captive rearing and head starting are invaluable tools in conservation, but the success of these efforts often depends on their ability to adequately prepare animals for the challenges and social environments they will face in the wild. The importance of early social environments is well-documented in birds and mammals, but little attention has been paid to reptiles, despite the common use of head starting and increased recognition of complex social behaviors in reptiles. In this study, we examined early social behaviors in captive-reared hatchling western saw-shelled turtles (<i>Myuchelys bellii</i>) to determine (1) if they chose to bask together on a single platform or disperse across platforms (regardless of kinship), (2) if they chose to cluster together or disperse randomly when on the same basking platform (regardless of kinship), (3) if they chose to bask predominantly on platforms with kin vs. non-kin. (4) if they chose to cluster more tightly with kin than non-kin when on a given platform. We found evidence turtles preferred to bask together on the same platform (instead of dispersing across basking platforms) at night, but not during the day (question 1), and we found strong evidence that when on the same platform, turtles clustered together more tightly than expected by chance (question 2). The clustering was particularly tight during the night. We did not find any evidence that behaviors were mediated by kinship (questions 3 and 4). The results for questions 1 and 2 suggest that <i>M. bellii</i> hatchlings prefer being close to one another and may be more socially complex than previously recognized. This could have important implications for planning head starting efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 2","pages":"156-167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphological changes due to elevation in a high-altitude lizard: A comparative study across three mountain systems","authors":"L. Macotela,&nbsp;M. A. Sandoval-Molina,&nbsp;M. Anaya,&nbsp;J. C. González-Morales,&nbsp;D. E. Naya,&nbsp;J. Manjarrez,&nbsp;A. Venebra-Muñoz","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oxygen is one of the most limiting factors in high-altitude environments. In response to oxygen limitations, organisms can exhibit phenotypic adjustments across various levels of biological organization. Strikingly, few studies have evaluated this topic by incorporating replication across several mountain systems, which is essential for assessing the similarity of phenotypic responses across different elevation gradients. Here, we evaluated histomorphological changes in the lung and cardiac tissues in nine populations of the mesquite lizard <i>Sceloporus grammicus</i>, considering three elevation gradients (mountains) in the Trans-Mexican volcanic belt. Our results show that altitude induced some histomorphological changes in the cardiorespiratory organs (lungs and cardiac ventricle), consistent with previous reports. However, we also observed that some attributes in the lung and heart tissues varied across the mountains, possibly as a result of biotic and/or abiotic factors not considered in our study. Therefore, our findings suggest that similar changes may be associated with increasing elevation in different populations of the same species, and that the particular conditions of each individual mountain may affect how those changes manifest.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 2","pages":"181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality influences paternal care behaviors and nest fate in Eastern Hellbender salamanders","authors":"M. D. Kaunert,&nbsp;S. F. Spear,&nbsp;R. K. Brown,&nbsp;G. Kennedy,&nbsp;V. D. Popescu","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronically suppressed recruitment via nest failure during egg development is the suspected demographic mechanism underpinning Eastern Hellbender salamander (<i>Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis</i>) precipitous declines in North America. While Eastern Hellbenders exhibit unique paternal care behaviors during egg and larval stages, the relationship between water quality and reproductive behavioral ecology is poorly understood. In this study, we used artificial nest boxes and underwater video cameras to monitor nest success and investigate drivers of hellbender paternal care behaviors across a habitat quality gradient. We developed an ethogram using 237 h of video footage (54 video sessions) from 14 established hellbender nests between 2019 and 2021 in Pennsylvania and Ohio and found that nest abandonment contributes to nest failure in our system (5/14 nests). Ten nests hatched successfully and had a median hatching rate of 71% (range: 15–96%). Filial cannibalism occurred in most nests but did not cause nest failure. The proportion of time hellbenders cared for eggs (total care and total agitation) was positively affected by water temperature and conductivity. Overall, paternal care investment decreased with time since oviposition, particularly for total agitation. Fanning behaviors were not affected by environmental, biological, or temporal variables. Male size, body condition, and clutch size did not affect den master behaviors. Fanning behavior increased at higher conductivity levels in nest-attending male hellbenders, but not in nest-abandoning males. Overall, our results suggest that higher water temperatures and elevated conductivity levels may increase energy expenditure of guardian males and affect their ability to mitigate suboptimal conditions. In addition, the proportion of time invested in total care and fanning may serve as behavioral indicators of hellbender nest abandonment in high conductivity streams (&gt;200 μS/cm).</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 2","pages":"130-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ontogenetic and sex-based trophic niche divergence in the river shrimp Macrobrachium borellii: evidence from the isotopic composition of different tissues","authors":"M. F. Viozzi,&nbsp;P. S. Reyes,&nbsp;C. L. Negro,&nbsp;V. Williner","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sex- and stage-related trophic strategies can shape energy allocation to reproduction, particularly in dynamic environments. We investigated whether diet varies according to sex and ontogenetic stage in the river shrimp <i>Macrobrachium borellii</i>, an omnivorous decapod inhabiting floodplain lakes of the middle Paraná River. We predicted that (1) juveniles and females would consume a higher-quality, more specialized diet than males, (2) females would show higher δ¹³C in tissues during vitellogenesis and (3) egg isotopic composition would reflect either capital (muscle) or income (hepatopancreas) sources. Using stable isotope analysis (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N), mixing models and isotopic niche metrics, we examined trophic patterns across sexes and stages. The results partially supported the first prediction: females – especially those in the reproductive stage – and juveniles showed greater trophic diversification than males but consumed higher-quality prey. In agreement with the second prediction, females exhibited higher δ¹³C values in both tissues during vitellogenesis. For the third prediction, egg isotopic values were more closely aligned with the hepatopancreas than with muscle, indicating reliance on local food income. Overall, females exhibited flexible foraging and an income-breeding strategy, adjusting their diet to exploit locally abundant resources to meet reproductive energetic demands. This strategy is well-suited to the fluctuating hydrological and trophic conditions of floodplain ecosystems and highlights the interplay between trophic flexibility, reproductive tactics and environmental dynamics in crustaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 2","pages":"168-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}