Journal of Zoology最新文献

{"title":"On the importance of shelter availability for reptiles provided by burrow-digging ecosystem engineers: a systematic review and a case study","authors":"B. Bancsik,&nbsp;A. Móré,&nbsp;B. Wenner,&nbsp;G. Rák,&nbsp;M. Budai,&nbsp;G. Kovács,&nbsp;B. Nagy,&nbsp;Z. Ladnyik,&nbsp;M. Szabolcs,&nbsp;E. Mizsei","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>By altering habitat characteristics, ecosystem engineers influence coexisting species, which is often reflected in their population parameters. The magnitude and direction of these effects may depend on several factors, but identifying and understanding the underlying processes are necessary to develop and execute conservation measures aiming to protect endangered species or communities. In grasslands, often only ground burrows provide suitable shelter, hibernacula or microhabitat for the thermoregulation of poikilotherms. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of studies as well as a case study examining the effects of ground burrows on reptile populations. The case study presents a 5-year long investigation on the relationship between ground burrow availability (used burrow density as a proxy, categorized by entrance size) and the population parameters (occupancy, colonization, extinction) of five reptile species (<i>Lacerta agilis</i>, <i>Lacerta viridis</i>, <i>Podarcis tauricus</i>, <i>Vipera ursinii</i>, <i>Coronella austriaca</i>) inhabiting grasslands of Central Hungary. The systematic review indicates that although reptiles widely use burrows created by ecosystem engineers in open habitats, their effects on occupancy and abundance are highly variable and context-dependent, with predominantly positive, but also neutral and occasional negative outcomes, potentially influenced by environmental factors and publication bias. The case study found that ground burrow densities generally have negligible effects, although in some cases they negatively or positively influenced certain reptile population parameters. For <i>V. ursinii</i>, greater burrow-size diversity reduced local extinction probability, while some burrows showed marginal effects. Wider, ground-squirrel burrows negatively affected <i>L. agilis</i>, whereas <i>L. viridis</i> and <i>C. austriaca</i> showed no consistent responses. Our results imply that although ecosystem engineers might have significant impacts on regulating the population dynamics of reptiles through altering habitats, this cannot be generalized across ecosystems and taxa. Conservation strategies for reptiles would need to account for the intricacies underlying the interactions between ecosystem engineers and reptiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 4","pages":"315-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everything they do, they do it for the water – Behavioural adaptations of wild pigs to drylands in Argentina","authors":"M. F. Cuevas,&nbsp;M. S. Albanese,&nbsp;F. Cappa,&nbsp;V. Campos,&nbsp;M. Cona,&nbsp;D. Zeverini,&nbsp;C. Moreno,&nbsp;F. Jara,&nbsp;P. Mastrángelo,&nbsp;D. Navas,&nbsp;R. Porras,&nbsp;C. M. Campos","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasive species are increasingly reshaping drylands worldwide, yet their behavioural adaptations remain poorly understood. The wild pig (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) is a species that is physiologically non-adapted to arid conditions; however, it has successfully colonized these environments and has been established in the Monte Desert, Argentina, since the 1980s. We examined the behavioural adaptations of wild pigs in Argentine drylands by comparing their occupancy and activity patterns between a protected area (Biosphere Ñacuñán Reserve) and a private grazed field. Using 98 camera trap stations, we assessed the influence of environmental and anthropogenic variables on wild pig behaviour. Bayesian occupancy modelling revealed that proximity to water sources (i.e. water availability) was the strongest predictor of wild pig presence, while human-related variables also significantly and negatively influenced occupancy patterns. Activity pattern analysis revealed moderate overlap (Δ1 = 0.57) between the two land-use types but with significantly different temporal distributions. In the reserve, wild pigs were crepuscular and nocturnal (38.9% for both), while in the grazed field, they were predominantly nocturnal (50%). These findings highlight that wild pigs adapt to arid environments by seeking water and adjusting their activity to avoid thermal stress and human encounters. Notably, permanent artificial watering points created for livestock facilitate wild pig persistence, emphasizing how human activities unintentionally support the expansion of this invasive species in Argentina's drylands.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 4","pages":"353-364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversification of growth strategies as antipredator adaptations among closely related land snails","authors":"Y. Morii","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predators may cause diversification of life-history traits between closely related prey species or between ecotypes within a species. Although divergence of life-history traits might result in speciation, evidence on this idea – the predator-driven speciation hypothesis – is insufficient both theoretically and experimentally. Recent research proposed that two land snails, <i>Karaftohelix editha</i> and <i>K. gainesi</i>, and their shared predators, malacophagous ground beetles, distributed in northern Japan, can be an excellent model to explore the prey divergence via antipredator adaptations. Although these two species were indistinguishable using several neutral DNA markers and shared their distribution area and habitats almost completely, there were vast interspecific differences in various phenotypic traits, and almost all of them appeared to function as antipredator strategies. In this study, the ontogenetic growth patterns of <i>K. editha</i> and <i>K. gainesi</i> and their closely related species <i>K. blakeana</i> were investigated, which revealed several interspecific differences in growth strategies. For instance, <i>K. editha</i> increased shell weight and thickness even during the early juvenile stage, whereas <i>K. gainesi</i> drastically increased the growth rate of shell thickness around the late juvenile to adult stage. <i>Karaftohelix blakeana</i> linearly increased its shell weight and thickness throughout all growing stages. All interspecific differences discovered in this study may function efficiently as species-specific antipredator strategies for each species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 4","pages":"327-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escape response in elongated fish under two temperature scenarios","authors":"J. H. Rojo,&nbsp;C. Lefrançois,&nbsp;M. A. Caniguan,&nbsp;C. C. Boy","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Escaping from predators is a crucial behavior for organism survival and represents a key target of natural selection. Temperature is one of the most influential environmental factors in individual development by influencing physiological performance and, consequently, overall fitness. This study aimed to describe the escape response of a flexible fish species to a simulated predator attack and to evaluate the effect of increasing temperature—associated with climate change—on escape velocity, using <i>Galaxias maculatus</i> as a model species. We hypothesized that <i>G. maculatus</i> exhibits a higher turning rate compared to less flexible fish, and that individuals exposed to warmer experimental temperatures perform faster escape responses due to enhanced neurophysiological processes. Specimens were collected from Tierra del Fuego National Park (55° S) and maintained at 10°C (current average summer temperature) and 16°C (projected average temperature for the year 2100). Their escape responses to a mechano-acoustic stimulus were recorded at 480 fps. <i>Galaxias maculatus</i> displayed a two-stage “C-start” escape response, with an average duration of 70 ms and a high turning rate. Individuals tested at 16°C exhibited higher velocity and turning rates, and shorter stage 1 durations compared to those at 10°C. Our results indicate that <i>G. maculatus</i> changes its behavior with increasing ambient temperature in response to simulated attacks, producing faster escape responses at higher temperatures. Moreover, the findings suggest that this species tends to prioritize directional control—often swimming toward the predator—over maximizing escape speed.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 4","pages":"305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it that obvious? An integrative multidimensional approach to understanding sexual dimorphism in pygmy marbled newts (Triturus pygmaeus)","authors":"L. Medina-Gálvez,&nbsp;S. E. Vlad,&nbsp;T. L. Tănase,&nbsp;F. Stănescu,&nbsp;D. Cogălniceanu,&nbsp;F. J. Zamora-Camacho","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexual dimorphism can result from different selective pressures, such as intrasexual competition, sexual selection, or sex-specific reproductive demands, and can affect morphological, behavioral, and physiological traits, among others. Understanding the levels of sexual dimorphism is thus key to disentangling the mechanisms underlying the life history of a given species. Here we applied a multidimensional framework to analyze sexual dimorphism in the pygmy marbled newt (<i>Triturus pygmaeus</i> Wolterstorff, 1905), including morphology, behavior, inflammatory response, and age-related variation. Female newts were larger, likely maximizing their ability to produce eggs, whereas male newts had deeper tails and longer limbs with lighter and more saturated white bands, presumably making them more visible to females. Males were also more active and faster, which can be associated with greater mobility and, consequently, a riskier reproductive strategy. Male newts reached sexual maturity 1 year earlier than females but had similar lifespans. Younger individuals had deeper tails, suggesting that individual fitness could be age-dependent. Males tended to have a weaker inflammatory response, reflecting an energy trade-off from the immune system toward the complex courtship display during reproduction. Overall, the various levels of sexual dimorphism observed reflect the different selective pressures each sex is subjected to. By adopting a multidimensional approach, our results contribute to an integrative understanding of the evolution of sexual dimorphism in amphibians, showing how morphological, behavioral, physiological, and life-history traits can diverge and covary between sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 4","pages":"365-377"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanism in salamanders: effects of insularity, sex and size on dorsal colouration in Salamandra salamandra","authors":"L. Alarcón-Ríos,&nbsp;M. Saabi González,&nbsp;G. Velo-Antón","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insular environments modify the nature, direction, intensity and complexity of both biotic and abiotic conditions, thereby shaping species' genotypes and phenotypes. Many of these changes intersect with functions commonly associated with melanin-based colourations such as thermoregulation, camouflage and predator deterrence, suggesting a potential link between insularity and melanism. However, although the effects of insularity on traits such as body size are well documented, its influence on other phenotypic traits, including colouration, remains largely unexplored across most taxa, leaving general patterns poorly understood. Here, we address this gap by quantitatively assessing whether insular populations of the amphibian fire salamander (<i>Salamandra salamandra</i>) exhibit a higher proportion of melanic colouration than mainland populations, while accounting for local variation, sex and body size. We show that salamanders from one of the three studied islands exhibit a higher proportion of dorsal black colouration, indicating the role of local pressures in shaping colour patterns. In contrast, insular populations exhibit reduced variation in the proportion of melanic colouration relative to their mainland counterparts, suggesting constraints on phenotypic diversity in insular environments. Additionally, body size significantly influences colouration, and partial sexual dimorphism is evident, with females tending to present more black proportion than males. Overall, this study advances our understanding of colour variation in insular amphibians and provides a foundation for further work investigating the evolutionary mechanisms and functional significance of melanism in this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 4","pages":"340-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148859955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking genetic, morphological, and ecological divergence in the lizard Liolaemus fuscus: From the Atacama Desert to the Mediterranean ecosystem","authors":"M. Liempi,&nbsp;E. San Juan,&nbsp;M. Lamborot,&nbsp;C. Botto-Mahan,&nbsp;D. Véliz,&nbsp;R. Araya-Donoso","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In adaptively radiated groups of organisms, the phenotype is expected to evolve in response to environmental variation in a coordinated way with genetic variation. Some components of the phenotype, such as morphology and habitat use patterns, reflect how organisms interact with their environments and provide insight into their potential adaptations. In this study, we explored the patterns of genetic, morphological, and microhabitat use variation in the lizard <i>Liolaemus fuscus</i> across a ~600 km latitudinal gradient in central Chile. We identified two highly differentiated latitudinally distributed <i>cytb</i> mitochondrial genetic groups, corresponding to the Atacama Desert (Northern clade) and the Mediterranean forests of central Chile (Southern clade). Morphology and habitat use patterns consistently covaried with genetic differentiation. We detected different allometry between clades, as lizards from the Northern clade were significantly shorter and had shorter limbs, heads, and tails at smaller body sizes than lizards from the Southern clade. The lizards from the Northern clade perched more on vegetation, whereas the ones from the Southern clade were more saxicolous and terricolous. Such phenotypic differences could be adaptations to the different environmental conditions, which potentially influenced the differentiation within <i>L. fuscus</i>. The ability of <i>Liolaemus</i> species to respond to environmental variation through coupled genetic and phenotypic differentiation may contribute to their diversification, as expected for adaptive radiations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 3","pages":"197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of human disturbance on the activity patterns and spatiotemporal interactions of wolves and their prey in an Italian stronghold","authors":"F. Brivio,&nbsp;R. Brogi,&nbsp;M. Corbia,&nbsp;M. Mulas,&nbsp;E. Mureddu,&nbsp;E. Bassi,&nbsp;N. Cappai,&nbsp;A. Dissegna,&nbsp;S. Marshall-Pescini,&nbsp;M. Apollonio","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The intensification of human activities exerts an influence on animal behaviour, resulting in noticeable shifts in species distributions, movements and activity patterns. Differential responses among sympatric species, influenced by human disturbance, have the potential to alter species interactions, such as predator–prey relationships. This study investigated the impact of human disturbance on the activity patterns of wolves and their potential prey, as well as their spatiotemporal interactions, in one of the historical strongholds of wolves in Italy, where both large predator and human presence have long been established. Data were collected between October and April to provide a focused snapshot of cold season dynamics, when environmental conditions and human activities show limited temporal variability. Local human disturbances (considering both urbanization and outdoor recreation) were found to have a negligible impact on the temporal and spatial niche use of wolves and, overall, had a modest effect on the mammal community studied, both in terms of individual species' activity patterns and their spatiotemporal interactions with the large predator. Wild boar was the only ungulate species that increased its nocturnality in more urbanized landscapes, resulting in increased temporal overlap with wolves. On the contrary, fallow deer was found to have more diurnal activity in more urbanized areas, which suggests habituation to humans. Interestingly, our results showed that human disturbance might indirectly benefit wolves by increasing their temporal overlap with their primary prey, the wild boar. Overall, our findings indicate substantial tolerance to human disturbance in a long-established coexistence system, with limited behavioural change and preserved predator–prey temporal coupling.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 3","pages":"208-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sensory ecology approach to understanding snakebites: Influence of sensory cues on the strike of the lancehead pitviper","authors":"J. M. Alves-Nunes,&nbsp;A. Fellone,&nbsp;R. H. Willemart,&nbsp;O. A. V. Marques","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antipredatory behaviors arise from selective pressures associated with predator protection. Recognizing predators is crucial for an appropriate response to aversive stimuli. Animals employ various sensory cues to differentiate between predator types and assess the level of danger they face. Snakes are notable for having a broad range of predators and one of the most diverse repertoires of defensive behaviors. During heightened responses to aversive stimuli, one of the behaviors displayed is the venomous bite, particularly relevant because it triggers snakebite incidents in humans. In studying the essential sensory factors that initiate venomous snakebites, we investigated the sensory cues employed by snakes for envenomation. Consequently, we examined the consequence of human-derived sensory stimuli, such as temperature, vision, and odor, in influencing the probability and accuracy of venomous strikes. Our model species was the lancehead pit viper <i>Bothrops jararaca,</i> widely distributed and a major cause of envenomation in Brazil. We conducted sensory deprivation experiments on the snakes and tested sensory stimuli in isolation and in all possible combinations in order to assess their impact on snake response. Among these cues, the combination of thermal and visual cues significantly increased the occurrence and accuracy of strike responses in snakes. When cues were presented in isolation, thermal cues elicited the strongest strike response from snakes. Although isolated human odor played a limited role in strikes, its interaction with other sensory cues synergistically increased both the frequency and accuracy of strikes. Consequently, this study equips us with tools to understand and develop strategies for preventing snakebite envenomations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 3","pages":"237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jzo.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual dimorphism and dietary divergence: An evolutionary perspective in anurans","authors":"J. Goldberg,&nbsp;M. I. Duré,&nbsp;J. M. Cordier,&nbsp;D. Cardozo,&nbsp;N. Rossi","doi":"10.1111/jzo.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sexual dimorphism is widespread among anurans, yet its ecological dimension, particularly divergence in diet between males and females, remains poorly explored at broad evolutionary scales. Here, we provide the first global synthesis of the currently available evidence on sexual dietary divergence in adult anurans, and assess how this variation relates to sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and ecological traits across the phylogeny. We compiled published dietary studies up to April 2025 that statistically tested sex-based differences in diet composition. For each species, we recorded whether dietary divergence occurred in prey number, size, volume or diversity, and extracted information on SSD, feeding niche, microhabitat and activity period from the same or complementary literature. We examined the phylogenetic distribution of dietary divergence and applied multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering to identify associations among trophic divergence, SSD and ecological traits. Spatial patterns of trait richness were mapped using IUCN distribution data. Sexual dietary divergence was detected in 54% of the species included in our dataset. Phylogenetic patterns suggest multiple independent origins of this trait within Anura. Contrary to common assumptions, we found no consistent relationship between SSD and the presence or type of dietary divergence. Instead, trophic divergence was more closely associated with ecological traits, particularly microhabitat use, activity period and feeding niche breadth. Cluster analyses identified three ecological profiles: terrestrial diurnal specialists with female-biased SSD and divergence mainly in prey number, arboreal nocturnal species with divergence in prey size and volume but no SSD, and fossorial or aquatic generalists with male-biased SSD and limited trophic differentiation. Although species with sexual trophic divergence tend to occur in ecologically diverse regions, geographic and taxonomic biases in available studies limit broad biogeographical inference. Overall, our findings indicate that ecological pressures, rather than body size differences alone, contribute to the evolution of sex-specific diets in anurans.</p>","PeriodicalId":17600,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology","volume":"329 3","pages":"271-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}