Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献_第6页

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-11

引用次数: 0

How We Teach and Assess Competencies in Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine in Preclinical Veterinary Coursework by Integrating the Expertise of a Veterinary Pharmacologist and Information Specialists/Librarians. 通过整合兽医药理学家和信息专家/图书馆员的专业知识，我们如何在临床前兽医课程中教授和评估循证兽医学的能力。

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-06 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70084

Heather K Moberly, Virginia Fajt, L M Rey

{"title":"How We Teach and Assess Competencies in Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine in Preclinical Veterinary Coursework by Integrating the Expertise of a Veterinary Pharmacologist and Information Specialists/Librarians.","authors":"Heather K Moberly, Virginia Fajt, L M Rey","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.70084","url":null,"abstract":"At the Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine (TAMU-CVM), the veterinary pharmacology faculty and library faculty have collaborated to teach aspects of Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine (EBVM) since 2010. These skills are integral to drug and therapeutic decision-making and are required for veterinary graduate Day-One competency. Herein, we explain the progression of incorporation of EBVM teaching at TAMU-CVM to make clear that the development of teaching and assessment activities did not occur as a single design exercise, but rather in an iterative and reflective manner over several years. We describe the courses in which we have one or more lecture or laboratory sessions focused on scaffolding the skills of EBVM across 3 semesters, including the skills of writing clinical questions, searching the biomedical literature for evidence, critically appraising the evidence, and then applying the evidence to answer the clinical question to make a clinical recommendation. We share the specific contributions of the librarians and the pharmacologist in creating opportunities for students to develop the competencies of EBVM.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics, Optimal Dosages, and Withdrawal Time of Florfenicol in Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) After Oral Administration via Medicated Feed. 氟苯尼考经给药饲料口服后在大鼠体内的药代动力学、最佳剂量和停药时间。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70049

Jou-An Shih, Tirawat Rairat, Yi-Ping Lu, Chi-Ming Wu, Niti Chuchird, Chi-Chung Chou

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics, Optimal Dosages, and Withdrawal Time of Florfenicol in Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) After Oral Administration via Medicated Feed.","authors":"Jou-An Shih, Tirawat Rairat, Yi-Ping Lu, Chi-Ming Wu, Niti Chuchird, Chi-Chung Chou","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70049","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial drugs are commonly used for the treatment of bacterial diseases in cobia (Rachycentron canadum), but information regarding the rationale of their therapeutic use, such as pharmacokinetics (PK), optimal dosages, and withdrawal time (WDT) in this species is very rare. The present study evaluated the PK characteristics of florfenicol (FF) in cobia at 25°C after a single oral administration of 10 mg/kg via medicated feed. FF in the serum was determined by an HPLC method and the PK parameters were analyzed by a one-compartmental model. In tissue depletion and drug WDT study, cobia were fed with FF medicated feed at 10 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. The WDT was determined by linear regression analysis using the sum of FF and its metabolite florfenicol amine as the marker residue. The results revealed that FF has desirable PK characteristics in cobia, including a high peak serum concentration (Cmax, 9.08 μg/mL), a large area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC, 182.68 h·μg/mL), and a moderately long elimination half-life (t1/2K, 10.22 h). The optimal dosage for a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL at 25°C was 6.23 mg/kg/day. The WDT was calculated to be 5 days based on muscle/skin and 6 days based on serum depletion. Since serum sampling can reduce animal use, it warrants further investigation despite not being an official target tissue for WDT. Our findings indicated that FF is a good choice for treating bacterial diseases in cobia due to its favorable PK profile and short WDT.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"343-351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146093343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics and Residue Elimination of Diazepam in Zebrafish. 地西泮在斑马鱼体内的药动学及残留消除。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70044

Hong-Liang Xiao, Si-Ting Li, Ting-Ting Li, Lin Xin, Xiao-Ping Liao, Dong-Hao Zhao

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Residue Elimination of Diazepam in Zebrafish.","authors":"Hong-Liang Xiao, Si-Ting Li, Ting-Ting Li, Lin Xin, Xiao-Ping Liao, Dong-Hao Zhao","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70044","url":null,"abstract":"Diazepam (DZP) residues in aquaculture environments pose a serious threat to food safety. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and residue elimination patterns of DZP using zebrafish as a model organism, a pharmacokinetic study, zebrafish were exposed to 1 mg/L DZP via bath for 24 h. DZP was metabolized to nordiazepam (NDZP), oxazepam (OZP), and temazepam (TZP). Non-compartmental analysis yielded the following pharmacokinetic parameters: T1/2 = 4.25-11.78 h; MRT = 3.52-7 h; AUC = 34.51-4222.69 h·μg/kg; Vd = 1.16-6.15 L/kg; CL = 0.14-0.57 L/h/kg. The results indicate that DZP and its metabolites are rapidly absorbed and widely distributed in zebrafish, but eliminated slowly. For the residue elimination study, OZP fell below the LOD (0.05 μg/kg) after 40 days; NDZP and TZP were undetectable after 60 days. DZP persisted at 0.54 ± 0.2 μg/kg on day 150, confirming exceptionally slow elimination. The findings are expected to fill a critical data gap concerning the pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of DZP in zebrafish. These findings provide a framework for extending the results to similar rare edible small fish, thereby aiding in food safety assessment and risk management.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"324-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145944805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics of Topical Administration of Altrenogest in Mares and Implications for Human Health. 马局部给药的药代动力学及其对人类健康的影响。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70040

Jaymie Loy, Kireesan Sornalingam, Adam Cawley, Colin Scrivener, John Keledjian, Glenys K Noble

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Topical Administration of Altrenogest in Mares and Implications for Human Health.","authors":"Jaymie Loy, Kireesan Sornalingam, Adam Cawley, Colin Scrivener, John Keledjian, Glenys K Noble","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70040","url":null,"abstract":"Altrenogest is a synthetic progestogen widely used in equine reproductive management. Adverse effects to altrenogest have been reported in people with cutaneous exposure reported as the highest exposure pathway. Despite these reports, there has been no quantitative research to determine the capacity for altrenogest to be absorbed through skin. This study aimed to determine if cutaneous application of oral altrenogest results in systemic absorption in mares and to evaluate the influence of application site. A randomized, two-period, two-treatment crossover study was undertaken in eight mares. Mares received a topical application of oral altrenogest (0.044 mg/kg) onto clipped skin on either the neck or back for five consecutive days, with blood sampling immediately before and 1 h after each treatment. Following the final dose, blood samples were taken at 0.08, 0.16, 0.3, 0.5, 0.66, 0.83, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h. After a 3-week washout period mares underwent treatment on the alternative site, sampling at the same intervals. Plasma samples were analysed for altrenogest using LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic variables were estimated using noncompartmental analysis. Altrenogest was detectable in plasma following application at both sites. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were significantly higher following neck application (1.7 ± 0.7 ng/mL) compared to the back (0.6 ± 0.3 ng/mL; p = 0.002). Concentrations remained quantifiable throughout the 48-h post-treatment period. As altrenogest is absorbed through equine skin of varying thickness, there is a need for cautious use and handling, especially given that human skin is thinner than equine skin.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"274-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147290073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ertapenem Pharmacokinetics in Equine Plasma and Synovial Fluid Following a Single Intravenous Dose. 单次静脉给药后厄他培南在马血浆和滑液中的药代动力学。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-16 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70053

Alexa R Bish-Jones, Mark G Papich, James A Orsini

{"title":"Ertapenem Pharmacokinetics in Equine Plasma and Synovial Fluid Following a Single Intravenous Dose.","authors":"Alexa R Bish-Jones, Mark G Papich, James A Orsini","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70053","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the pharmacokinetics of ertapenem, a carbapenem antimicrobial that has not been previously studied in equids. Administered as a 30 mg/kg intravenous bolus to six healthy horses, serial blood and synovial samples were obtained over 8 h after administration. Pharmacokinetic analysis of plasma and synovial fluid was performed. In plasma, the AUC was 353.10 h × μg/mL (CV = 49.02%), Vss 79.34 mL/kg (CV = 22.85%), CL 84.96 mL/h/kg (CV = 31.31%) and t1/2 2.03 h (CV = 15.32%). In synovial fluid, the AUC was 524.10 h × μg/mL (CV = 16.03%), VD 206.32 mL/kg (CV = 30.55%), CL 57.24 mL/h/kg (CV = 16.03%) and t1/2 2.50 h (CV = 32.47%). Synovial fluid maintained higher concentrations of ertapenem for longer, although exhibited a lower maximum concentration compared to plasma. The six most common surgical site infection isolates at a tertiary care center in equine orthopedic cases, and their susceptibility to ertapenem were evaluated. The isolates identified were largely consistent with previous reports. The drug was well tolerated, although it caused transient soft feces. Carbapenems remain a protected class of antimicrobials which should be reserved for cases where culture and susceptibility results support their administration. This study helps inform appropriate dosage and dosing intervals.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"306-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics of Intragastric Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Its Impact on Bile Acid Profiles in Horses. 马胃内熊去氧胆酸的药动学及其对胆汁酸谱的影响。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70048

Amanda Macias, Barbara Delvescovo, Sam F Donaldson, Thomas J Divers, Callum G Donnelly

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics of Intragastric Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Its Impact on Bile Acid Profiles in Horses.","authors":"Amanda Macias, Barbara Delvescovo, Sam F Donaldson, Thomas J Divers, Callum G Donnelly","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70048","url":null,"abstract":"Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid (BA) with therapeutic applications, is standard therapy for cholestatic hepatopathies in humans. In recent years, its use has been increasingly explored in equine medicine for similar indications. Pharmacokinetic data for UDCA in horses are currently lacking. This study aimed to describe the pharmacokinetic parameters following a single intragastric administration of 15 mg/kg in nine healthy, fasted horses and to characterize the changes in their BA profiles. Plasma concentrations of UDCA were measured at specific time points using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a sharp increase in plasma concentrations within the first 1-3 h, with peak concentrations (Tmax) occurring at 2.44 ± 1.3 h. Plasma concentrations decreased significantly in most horses at 24 h, with negligible concentrations detected at 48-72 h. Mean half-life was calculated at 7.99 ± 2.25 h, and the dose interval estimate mean was 24.29 h. BA profile analysis demonstrated an increase in total BA concentrations post-administration, with a notable rise in the percentage of UDCA relative to other BAs. Based on these findings, we conclude that the intragastric dose of 15 mg/kg every 24 h is appropriate for horses. Clinicians should be aware that, post-administration, total BA concentrations are likely to increase within hours, with UDCA becoming the predominant BA.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"282-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146052739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Different Top-Coating Materials on Minimizing Drug Leaching From Medicated Feed in Shrimp Aquaculture. 不同面包衣材料对减少对虾养殖含药饲料药物浸出的影响。

IF 1.7 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70043

Niti Chuchird, Jenjiraporn Hantrathin, Phongchate Pichitkul, Chi-Chung Chou, Tirawat Rairat

{"title":"Effect of Different Top-Coating Materials on Minimizing Drug Leaching From Medicated Feed in Shrimp Aquaculture.","authors":"Niti Chuchird, Jenjiraporn Hantrathin, Phongchate Pichitkul, Chi-Chung Chou, Tirawat Rairat","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70043","url":null,"abstract":"Drug leaching from medicated feeds into water reduces the available drug for absorption in the gut and causes negative effects in environments. The objectives of this study were to evaluate various top-coating materials in reducing the leaching of florfenicol (FF) from shrimp medicated feed and to determine the drug concentrations in the body of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed medicated feed top-coated with tuna oil, chitosan, pectin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC), and ethylcellulose (EC). FF concentrations that leached from the medicated feeds into water were analyzed using the HPLC method. Drug concentrations in the hemolymph and muscle of shrimp following oral administration were also analyzed. The results revealed that chitosan was the most effective material in reducing drug leaching, with only 27.8% leaching rate at 120 min. Tuna oil had the highest leaching rate (71.6%). Shrimp fed chitosan-coated medicated feed had significantly higher FF levels in hemolymph (2.04 μg/mL) and muscle (0.92 μg/g) than the other coating material groups. The tuna oil group had the lowest drug levels (0.20 μg/mL and 0.34 μg/g, respectively). These findings indicate that chitosan is the most effective in minimizing drug leaching and also exhibits the highest drug absorption in shrimp.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"317-323"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145878603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal or Intramuscular Atipamezole in Unsedated Dogs and Efficacy for Reversal of Xylazine Sedation. 阿替帕唑在非镇静犬鼻内和肌肉内的比较药代动力学及对羟嗪镇静的逆转效果。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70045

Vanessa E Cowan, Vanessa R Mitcham, Deborah L Michel, Chloe Lyons, Juliet Kennedy, Yoana C Reyes Morales, Jennifer M Loewen, Alan L Chicoine

{"title":"Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Intranasal or Intramuscular Atipamezole in Unsedated Dogs and Efficacy for Reversal of Xylazine Sedation.","authors":"Vanessa E Cowan, Vanessa R Mitcham, Deborah L Michel, Chloe Lyons, Juliet Kennedy, Yoana C Reyes Morales, Jennifer M Loewen, Alan L Chicoine","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70045","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to evaluate ATIP pharmacokinetics (PK) in healthy Beagle dogs after IM and IN dosing (Phase I), and to compare the rate of reversal of IM versus IN routes for xylazine (XYL) sedation (Phase II). This study was comprised of two sequential, randomized, crossover experiments. The initial PK study dosed ATIP by IN and IM routes without XYL sedation. In the second phase, dogs were sedated with XYL prior to ATIP reversal. Their sedation scores were monitored during this period, and blood sampling began 20 min post reversal. ATIP was quantified in plasma using a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. Plasma concentrations of ATIP rapidly increased and declined after both routes, but Cmax and AUC were higher after IM dosing (p < 0.001). Relative IN bioavailability was 33%-50% of the IM dose. Xylazine reversal of sedation was more rapid after IM versus IN ATIP (p < 0.01), but both routes produced complete reversal within 40 min. In conclusion, IN ATIP was slower than IM for reversing XYL sedation but is a viable route if parenteral administration is not an option. Adjusting the labeled IM ATIP dose may be warranted for IN use to account for lower bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"257-266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159760/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145989738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Intramuscular Betamethasone in Exercised Thoroughbred Horses. 倍他米松在运动纯种马体内的药代动力学和抗炎作用。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Pub Date : 2026-05-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.70052

Juliana Sullivan, Jeff Blea, Daniel S McKemie, Philip H Kass, Heather K Knych

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Intramuscular Betamethasone in Exercised Thoroughbred Horses.","authors":"Juliana Sullivan, Jeff Blea, Daniel S McKemie, Philip H Kass, Heather K Knych","doi":"10.1111/jvp.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jvp.70052","url":null,"abstract":"The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of betamethasone following intra-articular administration to horses have been described; however, studies characterizing intramuscular administration are lacking. Twenty-four horses received an intramuscular dose of 12 mg betamethasone sodium phosphate/betamethasone acetate. Blood and urine were collected at post administration for up to 408 h. Concentrations of betamethasone were determined using LC-MS/MS and pharmacokinetic parameters determined using a Population PK three-compartment model. The duration of pharmacodynamic effects was assessed by measuring changes in cortisol and inflammatory biomarkers utilizing an ex vivo model. The Cmax, Tmax, and terminal half-life of betamethasone were 6.43 ± 1.70 ng/mL, 0.75 (0.5-2.0 h; median and range), and 30.5 ± 20.4 h, respectively. Covariates were not found to have significant effects on the variability of pharmacokinetic parameters. Based on Monte Carlo simulations, for 1000 horses, a detection time of 23 days is recommended for concentrations to fall below the screening limit of 10 pg/mL in 99% of the population. Urine concentrations were above the limit of quantitation in 2/24 horses at 408 h. Suppression of cortisol lasted for 360 h. Effects on inflammatory biomarker production lasted for a prolonged period. An extended withdrawal time for intramuscular administration prior to competition is warranted.","PeriodicalId":17596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":"295-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0