Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation最新文献_第6页

Cecal transection with transanal evisceration in a goat.

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251324514

Kristen L Shekelle, Fausto Bellezzo, Mark J Trautmann, Laura K Bryan

{"title":"Cecal transection with transanal evisceration in a goat.","authors":"Kristen L Shekelle, Fausto Bellezzo, Mark J Trautmann, Laura K Bryan","doi":"10.1177/10406387251324514","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251324514","url":null,"abstract":"A 16-mo-old, pregnant, Nigerian Dwarf doe was presented to the veterinary hospital after being struck by a farm truck. A piece of tissue was found on the ground next to the goat after impact. The doe was painful on abdominal and perineal palpation, but abdominal radiographs and ultrasound did not reveal fractures or soft tissue herniations. The accompanying piece of tissue was a blind-ended sac covered with fecal material, most suggestive of the cecal apex. The goat declined to lateral recumbency, and due to the poor prognosis, the owners elected euthanasia. Postmortem examination identified free feces throughout the abdominal cavity, a complete, circumferential laceration through the mid-body of the cecum with an absent apex, and a full-thickness rectal tear at the anal orifice. Histologic examination of the accompanying piece of tissue was confirmatory of the cecal apex, and the anorectal tear had acute hemorrhage most consistent with trauma. Our report highlights the unique case presentation of traumatic cecal transection with transanal evisceration through an anorectal tear, a combination of injuries not previously reported in people or animals, to our knowledge. Pregnancy is a predisposing factor to rectal injuries in humans and veterinary species.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251324514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reproductive loss attributed to Lactococcus petauri infection in a black-and-white ruffed lemur. 黑白狐猴因感染 Petauri 乳球菌而丧失生殖能力。

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251323565

Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Ana Isabel Vela, Rocío Canales, Umberto Romani-Cremaschi, María Ugarte-Ruiz, Arantxa Buendía, Marta Pérez-Sancho, Lucas Domínguez, José Francisco Fernández-Garayzabal, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos

{"title":"Reproductive loss attributed to Lactococcus petauri infection in a black-and-white ruffed lemur.","authors":"Agustín Rebollada-Merino, Ana Isabel Vela, Rocío Canales, Umberto Romani-Cremaschi, María Ugarte-Ruiz, Arantxa Buendía, Marta Pérez-Sancho, Lucas Domínguez, José Francisco Fernández-Garayzabal, Antonio Rodríguez-Bertos","doi":"10.1177/10406387251323565","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251323565","url":null,"abstract":"Lactococci have been associated with fetal and neonatal infections in humans and cattle. Here we describe a case of reproductive loss attributed to Lactococcus petauri in a lemur. A full-term black-and-white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata) was found dead in the indoor area of a zoologic exhibit. Classification as a late-term abortion or stillbirth was unclear as the precise gestational time was unknown. A medical checkup of the dam revealed fever and neutrophilic leukocytosis; recovery followed treatment with enrofloxacin. The main histologic findings were placental edema and hemorrhage, hepatic necrosis, desquamated amniotic epithelial cells in alveoli, and subendocardial and myocardial hemorrhages. Tissue Gram stain revealed abundant gram-positive cocci arranged in short chains in the placenta and liver. Toxoplasma gondii was not detected by immunohistochemistry. Bacterial isolates from the placenta and fetal liver were identified as Lactococcus garvieae by MALDI-TOF MS. However, the isolates were found to be L. petauri by determining their in-silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values using pairwise comparisons of their whole-genome sequences and the genomes of the type strains. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates by the disk diffusion method revealed resistance to tylosin, gentamicin, apramycin, neomycin, amikacin, ampicillin, and florfenicol. We attributed the reproductive loss in this lemur to placental and fetal infection by L. petauri.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251323565"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiac osteochondrolipoma in a cheetah.

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251322763

Jeong-Seop Oh, Na-Young Lee, Eun Jung, Ki-Yong Shin, Dong-Hee Chung, Dae-Yong Kim, Soong-Hee Youn

引用次数: 0

Detection of equid alphaherpesvirus 1 in serum samples collected from infected horses.

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251323272

Koji Tsujimura, Hiroshi Bannai, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Manabu Nemoto, Minoru Ohta

{"title":"Detection of equid alphaherpesvirus 1 in serum samples collected from infected horses.","authors":"Koji Tsujimura, Hiroshi Bannai, Yoshinori Kambayashi, Manabu Nemoto, Minoru Ohta","doi":"10.1177/10406387251323272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251323272","url":null,"abstract":"Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EqAHV1; Orthoherpesviridae, Varicellovirus equidalpha1) spreads by viremia to susceptible organs. Because EqAHV1 circulates in the bloodstream in a cell-associated manner, serum samples are not considered valuable for detecting EqAHV1 and have therefore not been tested by highly sensitive detection methods such as real-time PCR (rtPCR). We investigated whether EqAHV1 could be detected by this method in equine serum samples. We performed rtPCR on archived sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected from 3 horses experimentally inoculated with EqAHV1. Acute-phase field sera from 40 febrile horses, including 11 positive for EqAHV1 on antibody ELISA, were also tested by both standard rtPCR and direct rtPCR without nucleic acid purification. EqAHV1 was detected by standard rtPCR in the PBMCs of the experimentally infected horses for 3-6 d and in the serum of these horses for 5-7 d. Six of the 11 ELISA-positive acute-phase field sera were positive on standard rtPCR, whereas the remaining were negative. All 6 of these samples were positive on direct rtPCR without nucleic acid purification. These results suggest that serum samples can be used to detect EqAHV1; however, false-negatives may result from low viral gene copy numbers.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251323272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enterotoxemia in a 2-day-old lamb produced by a Clostridium perfringens type D lambda toxin-positive strain.

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251320943

Kaylin Moctezuma, Hernando D Acevedo, Eileen E Henderson, Javier Asin, John M Adaska, Francisco A Uzal

{"title":"Enterotoxemia in a 2-day-old lamb produced by a Clostridium perfringens type D lambda toxin-positive strain.","authors":"Kaylin Moctezuma, Hernando D Acevedo, Eileen E Henderson, Javier Asin, John M Adaska, Francisco A Uzal","doi":"10.1177/10406387251320943","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251320943","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridium perfringens type D is a gram-positive bacterium that causes enterotoxemia in sheep, goats, and, less frequently, other animals. This microorganism encodes 2 major toxins, alpha (CPA) and epsilon (ETX). Enterotoxemia occurs when epsilon prototoxin (pETX) is produced in the intestine and is activated by one or more proteases before being absorbed into the general circulation. Traditionally, it was believed that neonatal animals were not susceptible to type D enterotoxemia due to the trypsin-inhibitory action of colostrum in the intestinal tract and the lack of protease activation of pETX, although cases of enterotoxemia have been reported in 2 neonatal goat kids. A 2-d-old lamb, with a history of frailty, hunched posture, shallow breathing, and diarrhea followed by death, was submitted for postmortem examination and diagnostic workup. Autopsy revealed hydropericardium, pulmonary edema, and congested intestines. Histologically, there was pulmonary congestion and edema, and intestinal congestion. C. perfringens type D carrying the gene for lambda toxin was isolated from the small intestine and colon. Both CPA and ETX were detected in the small intestine and colon contents. We speculate that lambda toxin (a protease) activated pETX, and that ETX, in turn, produced enterotoxemia in this lamb.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251320943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11869215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of Mycoplasmopsis (Mycoplasma) bovis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bovine lung sections by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251322463

Matthew Brown, Zackary Laney, Laila Tabatabai, Anna Hassebroek, Kevin Lahmers, Tessa LeCuyer, Francisco A Uzal, Francisco R Carvallo

{"title":"Detection of Mycoplasmopsis (Mycoplasma) bovis in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bovine lung sections by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.","authors":"Matthew Brown, Zackary Laney, Laila Tabatabai, Anna Hassebroek, Kevin Lahmers, Tessa LeCuyer, Francisco A Uzal, Francisco R Carvallo","doi":"10.1177/10406387251322463","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251322463","url":null,"abstract":"The bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease of economic importance in cattle involving viral and bacterial agents and several environmental and host-associated predisposing factors. Mycoplasmopsis (Mycoplasma) bovis is frequently detected in BRDC cases, but the role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of BRDC is not completely understood. We explored the utility of routine histopathology and compared immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) in pneumonic bovine lung tissue samples for the detection of M. bovis infection. Samples were analyzed for M. bovis using mycoplasma bacterial culture (screening test), H&E staining, IHC, and ISH. We found that \"compatible histologic lesions\" are not entirely predictive of the presence of M. bovis on culture, IHC, or ISH, and also that there was no statistical difference between IHC and ISH for detecting M. bovis. We conclude that IHC and ISH can be used interchangeably to detect M. bovis infections in pneumonic bovine lung.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251322463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851585/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High prevalence and broad geographic distribution of urine shedding of bovine polyomavirus 1 (Epsilonpolyomavirus bovis) by cattle in Uruguay. 乌拉圭牛尿中牛多瘤病毒 1（Epsilonpolyomavirus bovis）的高流行率和广泛地理分布。

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251321421

Matías Castells, Leticia Zarantonelli, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Rodney Colina, Federico Giannitti

{"title":"High prevalence and broad geographic distribution of urine shedding of bovine polyomavirus 1 (Epsilonpolyomavirus bovis) by cattle in Uruguay.","authors":"Matías Castells, Leticia Zarantonelli, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Rodney Colina, Federico Giannitti","doi":"10.1177/10406387251321421","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251321421","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, bovine polyomavirus 1 (BoPyV1; Polyomaviridae, Epsilonpolyomavirus bovis) was associated with nephritis in an aborted bovine fetus in Uruguay, with renal lesions resembling those typical of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy of humans. Given that little is known about the epidemiology of BoPyV1 infection in cattle, we screened for BoPyV1 in urine samples collected in 2015-2017 from beef and dairy herds from 12 of the 19 departments in Uruguay. We tested for BoPyV1 by PCR in 156 urine pools and 249 individual urine samples from 42 herds. We detected BoPyV1 in 33 of 42 (79%) farms across 100% of the departments studied, in similar proportions in beef (22 of 30; 73%) and dairy (11 of 12; 92%) herds. At the animal level, BoPyV1 was detected in 80 of 249 (32%) animals; this frequency was significantly higher in dairy (51 of 119; 43%) than beef (29 of 130; 22%) cattle, and in cows (36 of 81; 44%) than heifers (32 of 121; 26%). BoPyV1 strains circulating in Uruguay have a high degree (98.7-100%) of sequence identity at the major capsid protein VP1, which is slightly lower (96.2-99.7%) than for strains from other countries. We conclude that shedding of BoPyV1 in the urine of dairy and beef cattle is prevalent and geographically widespread in Uruguay.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251321421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ex situ and in situ demonstration of amyloid fibrils for confirmation of amyloidosis using transmission electron microscopy. 利用透射电子显微镜原位和非原位显示淀粉样纤维，以确认淀粉样变性。

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251321415

Robert Polon, Christina R Heard, Omar Gonzales-Viera, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Aslı Mete, Katherine Watson, Leslie W Woods, Aníbal G Armién

{"title":"Ex situ and in situ demonstration of amyloid fibrils for confirmation of amyloidosis using transmission electron microscopy.","authors":"Robert Polon, Christina R Heard, Omar Gonzales-Viera, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Aslı Mete, Katherine Watson, Leslie W Woods, Aníbal G Armién","doi":"10.1177/10406387251321415","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251321415","url":null,"abstract":"Confirmation of extracellular amyloid deposition across various animal species and tissue types has been a long-standing challenge in veterinary diagnostic pathology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has historically been used to advance the understanding of amyloid fibril morphology and confirm amyloid fibril deposition when histologic methods provide unclear results. We assessed the feasibility of utilizing TEM for routine confirmation of amyloidosis as an addition to histology. We analyzed ex situ amyloid fibrils with direct, negative-contrast TEM and in situ amyloid fibrils with aldehyde-fixed, plastic-embedding TEM to confirm amyloidosis in a variety of cases in which amorphous extracellular amyloid deposits had been identified by H&E and Congo red staining. We compared the 2 TEM methods and documented amyloid fibril morphology and morphometry in 7 species (goat, guinea pig, kudu, fox, sheep, flamingo, and duck). Ex situ fibrils had helical morphology and widths of 15-18 nm across all species. Fibril crossover distances had more interspecies variation of 60-130 nm, and species could be grouped based on pitch (twist size). Twisting patterns of in situ fibrils could not be visualized, but in situ widths of 10 nm were measured across all species. In 4 different chicken cases, fibrils differing morphologically from amyloid were consistently detected via both TEM methods, suggesting the possibility of a non-amyloid deposit that is commonly diagnosed as amyloidosis based on its histologic appearance. When available, we recommend routine confirmation of amyloid fibril deposition by TEM.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251321415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinicopathologic, molecular, and ultrastructural features of Sarcocystis pinnipedi infection in 2 California sea lions with fatal necrotizing hepatitis.

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251321832

Elliott S Chiu, Devinn M Sinnott, Martha A Delaney, Michael M Garner, Lance Adams, Bill Van Bonn, Kathleen M Colegrove, Katie Haman, Anibal G Armién, Karen Shapiro

{"title":"Clinicopathologic, molecular, and ultrastructural features of Sarcocystis pinnipedi infection in 2 California sea lions with fatal necrotizing hepatitis.","authors":"Elliott S Chiu, Devinn M Sinnott, Martha A Delaney, Michael M Garner, Lance Adams, Bill Van Bonn, Kathleen M Colegrove, Katie Haman, Anibal G Armién, Karen Shapiro","doi":"10.1177/10406387251321832","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251321832","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcocystis pinnipedi is an apicomplexan protozoal parasite that was first recognized during a mass mortality event in juvenile grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. Since its identification, this parasite has been reported in various pinniped species and has been associated with fatal necrotizing hepatitis. Little is known of the host range of S. pinnipedi. Here we report 2 cases of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in managed care that died following an 8-d history of inappetence, vomiting, diarrhea, and progressive lethargy with elevated hepatic enzyme activities. Postmortem examination identified hepatitis and icterus. Sarcocystis schizonts and zoites were identified in regions of necrosis. Molecular and ultrastructural findings demonstrated the close relatedness of this Sarcocystis to S. canis, which produces a similar lesion in bears.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251321832"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11843571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bovine herpesviral meningoencephalitis: large case study and literature review.

IF 1.2 3区农林科学

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1177/10406387251319804

Bethânia S Santos, Ricardo A A Lemos, Raquel R Rech, Claudio S L Barros, Daniel R Rissi

{"title":"Bovine herpesviral meningoencephalitis: large case study and literature review.","authors":"Bethânia S Santos, Ricardo A A Lemos, Raquel R Rech, Claudio S L Barros, Daniel R Rissi","doi":"10.1177/10406387251319804","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10406387251319804","url":null,"abstract":"Bovine herpesviral meningoencephalitis (BHM) is an infectious disease of cattle caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1; Orthoherpesviridae, Varicellovirus bovinealpha1) or 5 (BoAHV5; Orthoherpesviridae, Varicellovirus bovinealpha5). Cases are frequent in South America, but the disease is sporadic in other countries. Infection typically leads to fatal necrotizing meningoencephalitis that most often affects calves <1-y-old and yearlings under stressful situations, including weaning, large concentrations of animals, transport, and introduction of cattle from other locations into a herd. Clinical disease lasts from 1-10 d and often leads to typical gross and histologic lesions that are more prominent in the frontal lobes of the brain. This particular neuroanatomic distribution of lesions results from retrograde viral infection from the nasal mucosa along the olfactory nerves and bulbs with subsequent spread to the rostral cerebrum. Because of its particular geographic distribution, many aspects of BHM are still poorly documented in the English language veterinary literature, and thus a comprehensive review of the disease is warranted. Here we review the main aspects of BHM, including its historical timeline, etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical and pathologic findings, diagnosis, and control and prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":17579,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation","volume":" ","pages":"10406387251319804"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11836966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0