Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of the first two toxins isolated from the venom of the ancient scorpion <i>Tityus (Archaeotityus) mattogrossensis</i> (Borelli, 1901).","authors":"Natiela Beatriz de Oliveira,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães,&nbsp;Carlos Bloch,&nbsp;Paulo Sérgio Lacerda Beirão,&nbsp;Anita de Oliveira Silva,&nbsp;Rafael D Melani,&nbsp;Eder Alves Barbosa,&nbsp;Osmindo Rodrigues Pires,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Schwartz","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Almost all <i>Tityus</i> characterized toxins are from subgenera <i>Atreus</i> and <i>Tityus</i>, there are only a few data about toxins produced by <i>Archaeotityus</i>, an ancient group in <i>Tityus</i> genus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Tityus (Archaeotityus) mattogrossensis</i> crude venom was fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography, the major fractions were tested in a frog sciatic nerve single sucrose-gap technique. Two fractions (Tm1 and Tm2) were isolated, partially sequenced by MALDI-TOF/MS and electrophysiological assayed on HEK293 Nav 1.3, HEK293 Nav 1.6, DUM and DRG cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sucrose-gap technique showed neurotoxicity in four fractions. One fraction caused a delay of action potential repolarization and other three caused a reduction in amplitude. An electrophysiological assay showed that Tm1 is active on HEK293 Nav 1.3, HEK293 Nav 1.6, DUM and DRG cells, and Tm2 on HEK293 Nav 1.3 and DRG cells, but not in HEK293 Nav 1.6. In addition, Tm1 and Tm2 did promote a shift to more negative potentials strongly suggesting that both are α-NaScTx.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although <i>Tityus (Archaeotityus) mattogrossensis</i> is considered an ancient group in <i>Tityus</i> genus, the primary structure of Tm1 and Tm2 is more related to <i>Tityus</i> subgenus. The patch clamp electrophysiological tests suggest that Tm1 and Tm2 are NaScTx, and also promoted no shift to more negative potentials, strongly suggesting that both are α-NaScTx. This paper aimed to explore and characterize for the first time toxins from the ancient scorpion <i>Tityus (Archaeotityus) mattogrossensis.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8670738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of biological activities of <i>Tityus pachyurus</i> venom from two Colombian regions.","authors":"Jennifer Alexandra Solano-Godoy,&nbsp;Julio César González-Gómez,&nbsp;Kristian A Torres-Bonilla,&nbsp;Rafael Stuani Floriano,&nbsp;Ananda T Santa Fé Miguel,&nbsp;Walter Murillo-Arango","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the present study, we have tested whether specimens of the medically relevant scorpion <i>Tityus pachyurus</i>, collected from two climatically and ecologically different regions, differ in the biological activities of the venom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scorpions were collected in Tolima and Huila, Colombia. Chemical profiles of the crude venom were obtained from 80 scorpions for each region, using SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC. Assays for phospholipase A₂, direct and indirect hemolytic, proteolytic, neuromuscular, antibacterial, and insecticidal activities were carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The electrophoretic profiles of venom from the two regions showed similar bands of 6-14 kDa, 36-45 kDa, 65 kDa and 97 kDa. However, bands between 36 kDa and 65 kDa were observed with more intensity in venoms from Tolima, and a 95 kDa band occurred only in venoms from Huila. The chromatographic profile of the venoms showed differences in the intensity of some peaks, which could be associated with changes in the abundance of some components between both populations. Phospholipase A₂ and hemolytic activities were not observable, whereas both venoms showed proteolytic activity towards casein. Insecticidal activity of the venoms from both regions showed significant variation in potency, the bactericidal activity was variable and low for both venoms. Moreover, no differences were observed in the neuromuscular activity assay.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results reveal some variation in the activity of the venom between both populations, which could be explained by the ecological adaptations like differences in feeding, altitude and/or diverse predator exposure. However more in-depth studies are necessary to determine the drivers behind the differences in venom composition and activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8651215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions amongst inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin systems: suggestive approaches for COVID-19 therapy.","authors":"Lilian Caroline Gonçalves Oliveira,&nbsp;Nayara Azinheira Nobrega Cruz,&nbsp;Bruna Ricelli,&nbsp;Helio Tedesco-Silva,&nbsp;José Osmar Medina-Pestana,&nbsp;Dulce Elena Casarini","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapid-spread infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which can culminate in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems imbalance, and in serious consequences for infected patients. This scoping review of published research exploring the RAAS and KKS was undertaken in order to trace the history of the discovery of both systems and their multiple interactions, discuss some aspects of the viral-cell interaction, including inflammation and the system imbalance triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their consequent disorders. Furthermore, we correlate the effects of continued use of the RAAS blockers in chronic diseases therapies with the virulence and physiopathology of COVID-19. We also approach the RAAS and KKS-related proposed potential therapies for treatment of COVID-19. In this way, we reinforce the importance of exploring both systems and the application of their components or their blockers in the treatment of coronavirus disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8651214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain-related toxins in scorpion and spider venoms: a face to face with ion channels.","authors":"Sylvie Diochot","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain is a common symptom induced during envenomation by spiders and scorpions. Toxins isolated from their venom have become essential tools for studying the functioning and physiopathological role of ion channels, as they modulate their activity. In particular, toxins that induce pain relief effects can serve as a molecular basis for the development of future analgesics in humans. This review provides a summary of the different scorpion and spider toxins that directly interact with pain-related ion channels, with inhibitory or stimulatory effects. Some of these toxins were shown to affect pain modalities in different animal models providing information on the role played by these channels in the pain process. The close interaction of certain gating-modifier toxins with membrane phospholipids close to ion channels is examined along with molecular approaches to improve selectivity, affinity or bioavailability <i>in vivo</i> for therapeutic purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8667759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39739021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BM-MSC-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from trained animals presented nephroprotective potential in unilateralureteral obstruction model.","authors":"Rafael da Silva Luiz,&nbsp;Rodolfo Rosseto Rampaso,&nbsp;Alef Aragão Carneiro Dos Santos,&nbsp;Marcia Bastos Convento,&nbsp;Dulce Aparecida Barbosa,&nbsp;Cassiane Dezoti da Fonseca,&nbsp;Andréia Silva de Oliveira,&nbsp;Agnaldo Caires,&nbsp;Andrei Furlan,&nbsp;Nestor Schor,&nbsp;Fernanda Teixeira Borges","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC) and its extracellular vesicles has been demonstrated for a broad spectrum of indications, including kidney diseases. However, BM-MSC donor characteristics and their potential are not usually considered. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the nephroprotective capacity of sEV secreted by BM-MSC from trained rats inunilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BM-MSC was characterized by their differentiation potential and immunophenotypic markers. The sEV were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot. Its miRNA cargo was examined by quantitative PCR analysis for miR-26a, 126a, and 296. Wistar rats were submitted to UUO procedure and concomitantly treated with sEV secreted by BM-MSC from the untrained andtrained rats. The kidney tissue from all groups was evaluated for fibrosis mediators (transforming growth factor beta1 and collagen), CD34-angiogenesis marker, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treadmill training stimulated in BM-MSC the production of sEV loaded with pro-angiogenic miR-296. The treatment with this sEVin UUO-rats was able to attenuate collagen accumulation and increase CD34 and HIF-1α in the kidney tissue when compared to untrained ones. Tubular proximal cells under hypoxia and exposed to BM-MSC sEV demonstrate accumulation in HIF-1α and NFR-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), possibly to mediate the response to hypoxia and oxidative stress, under these conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The BM-MSC sEV from trained animals presented an increased nephroprotective potential compared to untrained vesicles by carrying 296-angiomiR and contributing to angiogenesis in UUO model.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8650265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amazonian scorpions and scorpionism: integrating toxinological, clinical, and phylogenetic data to combat a human health crisis in the world's most diverse rainfores.","authors":"Adolfo Borges, Matthew R Graham, Denise M Cândido, Pedro P O Pardal","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0028","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Venom from Amazonian scorpions of the genus <i>Tityus</i> contains components capable of eliciting a distinct clinical, mostly neurological, syndrome. This contrasts with the mainly autonomic manifestations produced after envenomation by congeneric southern and northern South American species. Herein, we summarize Pan-Amazonian scorpionism by synthesizing available toxinological, clinical, and molecular data gathered from all affected areas in Amazonia, including Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, and French Guiana. We searched multiple databases, as well as our own records, for reports of scorpion envenomations in Amazonia by confirmed <i>Tityus</i> spp., and compared the clinical manifestations. To help uncover clinical and venom relationships among problematic species, we explored phylogenetic relationships with a rate-calibrated analysis of mitochondrial COI data from available species. The possible existence of diversity gradients for venom toxic and immunogenic components despite the predicted strong phylogenetic association among species is underscored by discussed clinical and toxinological findings. A multicentric effort, involving all nations affected by this neglected disease, is urgently needed to offer alternatives for treating and understanding this pathology, including the preparation of neutralizing antibodies with a broad range of efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8629433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39822459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analgesic effects of Phα1β toxin: a review of mechanisms of action involving pain pathways.","authors":"Juliana Figueira da Silva,&nbsp;Nancy Scardua Binda,&nbsp;Elizete Maria Rita Pereira,&nbsp;Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor,&nbsp;Luciene Bruno Vieira,&nbsp;Alessandra Hubner de Souza,&nbsp;Flávia Karine Rigo,&nbsp;Hèlia Tenza Ferrer,&nbsp;Célio José de Castro,&nbsp;Juliano Ferreira,&nbsp;Marcus Vinicius Gomez","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0001","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phα1β is a neurotoxin purified from spider venom that acts as a high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel blocker. This spider peptide has shown a high selectivity for N-type HVA calcium channels (NVACC) and an analgesic effect in several animal models of pain. Its activity was associated with a reduction in calcium transients, glutamate release, and reactive oxygen species production from the spinal cord tissue and dorsal ganglia root (DRG) in rats and mice. It has been reported that intrathecal (i.t.) administration of Phα1β to treat chronic pain reverted opioid tolerance with a safer profile than <i>ω</i>-conotoxin MVIIA, a highly selective NVACC blocker. Following a recent development of recombinant Phα1β (CTK 01512-2), a new molecular target, TRPA1, the structural arrangement of disulphide bridges, and an effect on glial plasticity have been identified. CTK 01512-2 reproduced the antinociceptive effects of the native toxin not only after the intrathecal but also after the intravenous administration. Herein, we review the Phα1β antinociceptive activity in the most relevant pain models and its mechanisms of action, highlighting the impact of CTK 01512-2 synthesis and its potential for multimodal analgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8610172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39947994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazilian Theraphosidae: a toxicological point of view.","authors":"Keven Wender Rodrigues Macedo,&nbsp;Lucas Jeferson de Lima Costa,&nbsp;Jéssica Oliveira de Souza,&nbsp;Isadora Alves de Vasconcelos,&nbsp;Jessica Schneider de Castro,&nbsp;Carlos José Correia de Santana,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães,&nbsp;Mariana de Souza Castro,&nbsp;Osmindo Rodrigues Pires","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Theraphosidae family includes the largest number of species of the Mygalomorphae infraorder, with hundreds of species currently catalogued. However, there is a huge lack on physiologic and even ecologic information available, especially in Brazil, which is the most biodiverse country in the world. Over the years, spiders have been presented as a source of multiple biologically active compounds with basic roles, such as primary defense against pathogenic microorganisms or modulation of metabolic pathways and as specialized hunters. Spider venoms also evolved in order to enable the capture of prey by interaction with a diversity of molecular targets of interest, raising their pharmaceutical potential for the development of new drugs. Among the activities found in compounds isolated from venoms and hemocytes of Brazilian Theraphosidae there are antimicrobial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antitumoral, as well as properties related to proteinase action and neuromuscular blockage modulated by ionic voltage-gated channel interaction. These characteristics are present in different species from multiple genera, which is strong evidence of the important role in spider survival. The present review aims to compile the main results of studies from the last decades on Brazilian Theraphosidae with special focus on results obtained with the crude venom or compounds isolated from both venom and hemocytes, and their physiological and chemical characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8610171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39947995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virucidal activity of oriental hornet <i>Vespa orientalis</i> venom against hepatitis C virus.","authors":"Moustafa Sarhan,&nbsp;Alaa M H El-Bitar,&nbsp;Amaal Mohammadein,&nbsp;Mohammed Elshehaby,&nbsp;Hak Hotta","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2021-0039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major worldwide health problem that can cause liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical treatment of HCV infection mainly relies on the use of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that are usually expensive and have side effects. Therefore, achieving the discovery of more successful agents is always urgent. In this context, antiviral compounds that inhibit viral infections and disease progression with important therapeutic activities have been identified in animal venoms including arthropod toxins. This indicates that arthropod venoms represent a good natural source of promising candidates for new antivirals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The antiviral activity of the wasp venom (WV), isolated from the Oriental hornet (<i>Vespa orientalis</i>), was assessed using cell culture technique with human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cell line (Huh7it-1) and the recombinant strain of HCV genotype 2a (JFH1).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that WV inhibited HCV infectivity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of 10 ng/mL, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC₅₀) was 11,000 ng/mL. Time of addition experiment showed that the WV blocked HCV attachment/entry to the cells probably through virucidal effect. On the other hand, the venom showed no inhibitory effect on HCV replication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WV can inhibit the entry stage of HCV infection at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Therefore, it could be considered a potential candidate for characterization of natural anti-HCV agents targeting the entry step.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8609606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39947996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the five-paced viper (<i>Deinagkistrodon acutus</i>) venom proteome by integrating a combinatorial peptide ligand library approach with shotgun LC-MS/MS.","authors":"Xuekui Nie, Qiyi He, Bin Zhou, Dachun Huang, Junbo Chen, Qianzi Chen, Shuqing Yang, Xiaodong Yu","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0196","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Snake venoms are complex mixtures of toxic proteins or peptides encoded by various gene families that function synergistically to incapacitate prey. In the present study, in order to unravel the proteomic repertoire of <i>Deinagkistrodon acutus</i> venom, some trace abundance components were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Shotgun proteomic approach combined with shotgun nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS were employed to characterize the medically important <i>D. acutus</i> venom, after collected samples were enriched with the combinatorial peptide ligand library (CPLL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This avenue helped us find some trace components, undetected before, in <i>D. acutus</i> venom. The results indicated that <i>D. acutus</i> venom comprised 84 distinct proteins from 10 toxin families and 12 other proteins. These results are more than twice the number of venom components obtained from previous studies, which were only 29 distinct proteins obtained through RP-HPLC for the venom of the same species. The present results indicated that in <i>D. acutus</i> venom, the most abundant components (66.9%) included metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, and C-type lectin proteins; the medium abundant components (13%) comprised phospholipases A₂ (PLA₂) and 5'-nucleotidases and nucleases; whereas least abundant components (6%) were aminopeptidases, L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO), neurotoxins and disintegrins; and the trace components. The last were undetected before the use of conventional shotgun proteomics combined with shotgun nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS, such as cysteine-rich secretory proteins Da-CRPa, phospholipases B-like 1, phospholipases B (PLB), nerve growth factors (NGF), glutaminyl-peptide cyclortransferases (QC), and vascular non-inflammatory molecules 2 (VNN2).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrated that the CPLL enrichment method worked well in finding the trace toxin proteins in <i>D. acutus</i> venom, in contrast with the previous venomic characterization of <i>D. acutus</i> by conventional LC-MS/MS. In conclusion, this approach combined with the CPLL enrichment was effective for allowing us to explore the hidden <i>D. acutus</i> venomic profile and extended the list of potential venom toxins.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8547348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}