Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Proteomic profiling and comparative hemotoxicity of <i>Gloydius brevicaudus</i> and <i>Deinagkistrodon acutus</i> venoms: insights into functional convergence.","authors":"Jianguo Hu, Hongxia Guo, Nian Wang, Xinghuai Cai","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2026-0022","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2026-0022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Snakebite envenomation caused by <i>G. brevicaudus</i> and <i>D. acutus</i> frequently presents with overlapping hemorrhagic and coagulopathic manifestations in clinical settings. However, whether these similarities reflect convergent venom phenotypes remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an integrated comparative analysis combining nano-LC-MS/MS proteomics with multi-target functional assays to systematically evaluate venom composition and biological activities. Proteomic profiling was used to characterize toxin family abundance, while enzymatic, cytotoxic, hemolytic, and cell signaling assays were conducted to assess functional effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proteomic analysis revealed that both venoms are predominantly composed of hemotoxic toxin families, including snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP), snake venom serine proteases (SVSP), C-type lectin-like proteins (CTLP), and phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂), with broadly comparable relative abundances. Functional assays demonstrated similar concentration-dependent patterns in proteolytic, PLA₂, thrombin-like, and fibrinolytic activities, with no statistically significant interspecific differences. Both venoms also induced comparable cytotoxic effects across mammalian cell lines, while exhibiting limited hemolytic activity and minimal modulation of Ca²⁺ signaling and nitric oxide production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that <i>G. brevicaudus</i> and <i>D. acutus</i> venoms share a convergent hemotoxic functional architecture characterized by consistent enzymatic activities and similar cytotoxic profiles. This functional convergence provides a mechanistic basis for clinically overlapping hemorrhagic and coagulopathic manifestations observed in envenomation cases. The results further emphasize the importance of function-oriented venom profiling and suggest potential implications for antivenom cross-reactivity and therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20260022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13524441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Candida glabrata</i> species complex in a Brazilian public tertiary hospital: site of infection, identification and antifungal susceptibility profile.","authors":"Maricelma Francelino Fialho Cândido, Francine de Sales Dorneles, Juliana Possatto Fernandes Takahashi, Beatriz Aparecida Soares Pereira, Camila Marçon, Dálity Keffelen de Barros Rodrigues, Lídia Raquel de Carvalho, Marcia de Souza Carvalho Melhem, Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago, Rinaldo Poncio Mendes","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0098","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing incidence of <i>Candida glabrata</i> complex infections in hospitalized patients and their association with high mortality rates prompted the determination of cryptic species among clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital and the evaluation of their susceptibility profiles to commonly prescribed antifungal agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluated 80 <i>C. glabrata</i> isolates obtained from patients admitted to a Brazilian public tertiary hospital. The isolates were recovered from different clinical specimens, predominantly urine and blood, across various medical units.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MALDI-TOF MS analysis revealed that all isolates were <i>Candida glabrata sensu stricto</i>. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), determined via broth microdilution and according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines, showed high susceptibility to amphotericin B (AmB), voriconazole (VRC), and echinocandins (ECNs) [caspofungin (CSF), anidulafungin (ANF), and micafungin (MCF)], as well as uniform susceptibility within the \"I\" category (susceptible, increased exposure) to fluconazole (FLC). Comparisons of resistance profiles revealed higher prevalences of resistance to AmB and VRC than to ECNs, both overall and in urine isolates, with a similar trend observed in blood isolates. Comparative analysis with reference EUCAST <i>C. glabrata</i> data highlighted higher localized MIC values for AmB, ANF, and MCF, lower MICs for FLC, and equivalent distributions for VRC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All recovered isolates were confirmed as <i>Candida glabrata sensu stricto</i> and exhibited different susceptibility profiles from reference EUCAST isolates. These findings establish a strong regional baseline, serving as a useful guide for monitoring therapeutic measures and supporting antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20250098"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane-free bone regeneration using biphasic calcium phosphate, heterologous fibrin biopolymer, and photobiomodulation: an <i>in vivo</i> study.","authors":"Bruna Trazzi Pagani, Filiphe Gustavo Daré, Beatriz de Oliveira Fernandes, Karina Oliveira Santos, Benedito Barraviera, Rui Seabra Ferreira, Murilo Priori Alcalde, Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Rogerio Leone Buchaim","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2026-0012","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2026-0012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although bone tissue possesses inherent regenerative capacity, critical-sized defects require grafts for complete functional repair. This <i>in vivo</i> study evaluated the bone repair process using laser photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) in defects filled with a combination of hydroxyapatite, β-tricalcium phosphate and heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty male rats were divided into three groups: biomaterial alone (BG), biomaterial + HFB (BBG), and biomaterial + HFB + PBM (BBPG). A 5-mm circular calvarial osteotomy was performed and filled according to each protocol. In BBPG, an 830-nm laser was applied immediately post-surgery and three times weekly until euthanasia at 14 or 42 days. Analyses included micro-CT, histomorphology, histomorphometry, and polarized light microscopy of collagen fibers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Micro-CT showed centripetal bone regeneration restricted to defect margins, with biomaterial particles persisting centrally. Histologically, new bone progressed from immature trabecular architecture at day 14 to a mature lamellar conformation by day 42, notably in BBPG. All groups showed a significant temporal increase in new bone percentage. BBPG demonstrated superior bone growth at 42 days (26.64 ± 2.15%) compared to BG (14.85 ± 1.63%) and BBG (20.05 ± 1.70%). The birefringence of the collagen fibers showed a color transition from red to yellowish-green during the analyzed periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of the biomaterial, fibrin biopolymer and photobiomodulation significantly enhanced bone defect repair and matrix maturation without barrier membranes, presenting high translational potential for cost-effective clinical applications in regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20260012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13440765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and long-term disabilities in children following <i>Bothrops atrox</i> envenomation in Manaus, western Brazilian Amazon.","authors":"Débora Nery Oliveira, Jady Shayenne Mota Cordeiro, Andrea Gabriela Mota Saraiva, Hiran Sátiro Souza da Gama, Daniel Barros Castro, Alexandre Vilhena Silva-Neto, André Sachett, Marco Aurélio Satim, Felipe Murta, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Jacqueline de Almeida Gonçalves Sachett","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0092","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the Brazilian Amazon, most snakebites are caused by <i>Bothrops atrox</i>. Although pediatric cases are less frequent, children are more vulnerable to severe complications and long-term disabilities. This study aims to describe the clinical profile of <i>B. atrox</i> envenomation in children treated at a tertiary hospital in Manaus, in Western Brazilian Amazon, and to characterize the resulting long-term musculoskeletal impairments in a subgroup of these patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed sociodemographic and clinical data from patients up to 12 years and 11 months of age treated between January 2010 and December 2023. A total of 258 children who were victims of <i>B. atrox</i> envenoming were eligible; however, a subgroup of 27 children underwent in-person musculoskeletal evaluations starting three months after hospital discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the subgroup of children evaluated, the majority were male (63%), were aged over ten years (59.3%), and were from rural areas (96.3%). Over half (51.8%) received medical care within six hours after the bite. The lower limbs were most frequently affected (96.3%). Common local symptoms included pain (100%), edema (96.3%), bleeding (37%), and bruising (29.6%). Secondary infections occurred in 18.5% of cases. Most envenomations were classified as moderate in severity (44.4%). In this subgroup, long-term disabilities were identified in 21 children (77.7%), who presented primarily with intermittent chronic pain (55.5%). Physical examination revealed scars (59.3%), edema (22.2%), and deformities (3.7%). Sensory alterations were noted in tactile (11.1%), pain (25.9%), thermal (22.2%), and vibratory (29.6%) sensitivity. Range of motion was impaired in 37% of cases, and one child exhibited abnormal posture and reflexes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights a broad spectrum of persistent musculoskeletal sequelae following <i>Bothrops</i> envenomation in children. Our findings underscore the urgent need for comprehensive care, follow-up, and rehabilitation programs for pediatric snakebite victims in the Amazon region.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20250092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13379237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephrotoxic acute kidney injury induced by <i>Daboia siamensis</i> venom and its fractions: assessment of <i>Bcl-2</i> family expression in <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> in rabbit models.","authors":"Narongsak Chaiyabutr, Sunutcha Suntrarachun, Suchitra Khunsap, Orawan Khow, Panithi Laoungbua, Taksa Vasaruchapong, Lawan Chanhome, Anudep Rungsipipat, Visith Sitprija","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0096","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Envenomation by <i>Daboia siamensis</i> venom (RVV) can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), but its mechanisms remain unclear. Renal cell death via necrosis and apoptosis is central to AKI progression. Bax and Bcl-2 are key pro- and anti-apoptotic regulators and common markers of apoptosis; however, their roles in RVV-induced renal injury are poorly defined. Therefore, we investigated <i>Bax</i> and <i>Bcl-2</i> gene expression and their ratio in AKI following the administration of RVV and its venom fractions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Kidney tissue samples from intact rabbits (<i>in vivo</i>) and the isolated perfused kidney (IPK) model treated with RVV and its venom fractions (PLA₂, MP, LAAO, and PDE) were analyzed for Bcl-2 family expression at both mRNA and protein levels, together with histopathological evaluation. <i>Bcl-2</i> and <i>Bax</i> mRNA expression was quantified by RT-qPCR using the ΔΔCt method, and protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the administration of RVV and its venom fractions, histopathological analysis revealed extensive tubulonephrosis across all renal tubular segments in both intact kidneys and the IPK model. In contrast, renal tubular necrosis involving all tubular segments occurred in the IPK model after exposure to the RVV, PLA₂ and MP fractions. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a trend toward increased Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression in multiple tubular segments compared to controls in both models. RT-qPCR analysis demonstrated a 1.5-fold upregulation of <i>Bcl-2</i> and significant reductions in <i>Bax</i> expression and the <i>Bax/Bcl-2</i> ratio (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the IPK model relative to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Envenomation with RVV and its venom fractions induced nephrotoxic acute kidney injury by modulating Bax- and Bcl-2-mediated apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells, with greater susceptibility observed in intact kidneys and a reduced apoptotic response in the IPK model. These findings suggest that prolonged venom exposure may be partially reversible or may shift cell-death signaling from apoptosis toward necrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20250096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial peptides from arthropod venoms exhibit activity against <i>Sporothrix</i> species.","authors":"Maiara Campolina de Miranda, William Gustavo Lima, Izabella Christina de Castro Rodrigues, Felipe Henrique de Souza Silva, Rodrigo Moreira Verly, Julio Cesar Moreira Brito, Maria Elena de Lima, Rachel Basques Caligiorne","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0053","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by species of the <i>Sporothrix schenckii</i> complex. Antifungal treatment with itraconazole and amphotericin B is limited by increasing resistance, adverse effects, and prolonged treatment courses, highlighting the need for novel antifungal strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The antifungal activity of seven antimicrobial peptides derived from arthropod toxins against <i>Sporothrix</i> species was evaluated: six synthetic peptides derived from the spider <i>Lycosa erythrognatha</i> toxin and one peptide isolated from apitoxin (melittin). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined. Mechanistic assays were performed to investigate membrane damage, oxidative stress induction, and interactions with ergosterol and the fungal cell wall. Synergistic activity with itraconazole was assessed, and the effect of melittin on selected virulence factors was studied. To explore potential therapeutic applications, a melittin-based formulation for local (intralesional) usage was developed, and its cytotoxicity was tested in HEK-293 and HepG2 cell lines, as well as its short-term safety in murine models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All peptides inhibited <i>S. schenckii</i> and <i>S. brasiliensis</i>, with MIC and MFC values ranging from 0.5 to 32 µM. Melittin displayed the strongest antifungal effect, acting predominantly through a membranolytic mechanism associated with oxidative stress. Combined with itraconazole, melittin demonstrated synergistic activity against both species. Melittin selectively reduced pyomelanin production, while urease activity remained unaffected. The melittin-based formulation showed lower cytotoxicity compared to melittin alone, and subcutaneous administration in mice was well tolerated at the lowest dose tested (0.1 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Melittin exhibits potent antifungal activity against <i>Sporothrix</i> spp. and synergism with itraconazole, supporting further investigation as an antifungal candidate. Although therapeutic efficacy was not evaluated in infected animal models, the development of a safer melittin-based formulation provides a proof-of-concept foundation for future studies focusing on the local treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20250053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13285926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of <i>Heterometrus laoticus</i> and <i>Lychas mucronatus</i> scorpion venoms on cardiovascular and renal functions.","authors":"Narongsak Chaiyabutr, Lawan Chanhome, Panithi Laoungbua, Taksa Vasaruchapong, Orawan Khow, Onrapak Reamtong, Asada Leelahavanichkul, Visith Sitprija","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0080","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Heterometrus laoticus</i> and <i>Lychas mucronatus</i> are widely distributed in Southeast Asia, yet their pathophysiological effects of both venoms remain poorly characterized due to low human fatality rates. This study compared their venom compositions and acute cardiovascular and renal effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anesthetized male New Zealand White rabbits were monitored for blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal clearance following intravenous administration of crude venom (0.5 mg/kg). Venom components were identified via LC-MS/MS, and hematological/biochemical parameters were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>H. laoticus</i> venom induced a rapid, transient hypotension (<i>p</i> < 0.05), followed by a mild, prolonged hypotensive phase (up to 120 min). Conversely, <i>L. mucronatus</i> venom elicited a biphasic response: initial transient hypotension followed by significant hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and a subsequent terminal hypotensive stage. Renal hemodynamic changes in both groups were secondary to these systemic cardiovascular fluctuations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LC-MS/MS revealed that the neurotoxin-rich profile (KTx and NaTx) of <i>L. mucronatus</i> drives vasoconstriction and hypertension. In contrast, the higher PLA₂ content in <i>H. laoticus</i> mediates cytotoxic-like effects, resulting in vasodilation and hypotension. These distinct molecular mechanisms suggest that clinical management should be species-specific, even for venoms traditionally considered \"mild.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20250080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13271812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral <i>Aspergillus penicillioides</i> infection mimicking schwannoma in an immunocompetent host: case report with a review of the literature.","authors":"William Kazunori Sekiguchi, Juliana Possatto Fernandes Takahashi, Jessica de Brito Ferreira Nascimento, Camila da Silva Santos Ferreira, Matheus Polly, Wilker Dias Martins, Bruno Evangelista de Toledo, Thales Bhering Nepomuceno, Vinicius Trindade Gomes da Silva, Ana Catharina de Seixas Santos Nastri, Amaro Nunes Duarte, Marcello Mihailenko Chaves Magri","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0091","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Central nervous system aspergillosis is a rare and severe condition with high mortality and frequent diagnostic delay. Infection due to <i>Aspergillus penicillioides</i> in this setting is rarely reported.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a rare case of cerebral infection caused by <i>A. penicillioides</i> in an immunocompetent patient, initially mistaken for a schwannoma. Histopathological examination revealed hyaline septate hyphae, and molecular analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue supported the identification by sequencing of a fragment of the 28S rRNA gene. Following an initial surgical resection, clinical deterioration ensued, necessitating a repeat procedure and targeted antifungal therapy, which ultimately led to disease stabilization and outpatient discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic challenges posed by rare <i>Aspergillus</i> species in immunocompetent hosts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20250091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13246014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proactive multidisciplinary approach to <i>Naja atra</i> envenomation reduces surgical burden and length of hospital stay.","authors":"Hsien-Po Huang, Ting-Kuang Yeh, Po-Hsiu Huang, Kuo-Lung Lai, Chih-Sheng Lai, Po-Yu Liu, Yan-Chiao Mao","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2026-0029","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2026-0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report that the implementation of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) protocol - integrating early ultrasound surveillance, prompt surgical intervention, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and optimized antivenom administration - was associated with a marked reduction the length of hospital stay and surgical burden among patients with <i>Naja atra</i> envenomation at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. This approach shifts management from a reactive to a proactive strategy by enabling the early detection of tissue involvement and timely intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20260029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052283/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of admission blood glucose for early severity stratification in pediatric scorpion envenomation.","authors":"Tatiane Felícia Dos Santos, Ana Thereza Chaves Lages, Adebal Andrade, João Saldanha, Gisele Gomes da Silva, Carlos Chavez-Olortegui, Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha","doi":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0074","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2025-0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Scorpion stings are an increasing public health concern in Brazil, where children are at a heightened risk of severe outcomes. Simple biomarkers, such as admission blood glucose may improve early risk stratification. To assess the association between admission blood glucose and clinical severity in children envenomated by <i>Tityus serrulatus</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at João XXIII Hospital, Minas Gerais State Hospital Foundation (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from September 2023 to March 2024. We included patients aged 0 to 17 years with confirmed scorpion envenomation. Clinical severity was classified as mild (no antivenom) or moderate/severe (antivenom administered). Blood glucose was measured at admission and two hours thereafter. Predictive performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-seven children were included; 13.4% progressed to moderate/severe envenomation. Admission glucose ≥ 142 mg/dL showed 100% specificity and a 100% positive predictive value for severe cases (ROC AUC 0.979; 95% CI, 0.937-1.000; p < 0.001). A 105 mg/dL threshold maximized sensitivity (100%) at the expense of lower specificity (79.3%). To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically evaluate admission glucose in pediatric <i>T. serrulatus</i> envenomation and to propose cutoffs for risk stratification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Admission blood glucose is an accessible and accurate biomarker for early triage of severity in pediatric scorpion envenomation. A 105 mg/dL threshold favors maximal sensitivity for screening, whereas 142 mg/dL ensures high specificity for severe cases. Although promising, these cutoffs should be treated as clinical hypotheses and require multicenter external validation before widespread adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":17565,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases","volume":"32 ","pages":"e20250074"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12974955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147434122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}