Journal of Virus Eradication最新文献

{"title":"Community dialogue to enhance understanding of beliefs, behaviours and barriers to care for people living with liver disease and HBV infection in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa","authors":"Busangani Ngwenya ,&nbsp;Motswedi Anderson ,&nbsp;Nondumiso Mpanza ,&nbsp;Welcome Mbokazi ,&nbsp;Luthando Zuma ,&nbsp;Thandeka Khoza ,&nbsp;Gloria Sukali ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Waddilove ,&nbsp;Marion Delphin ,&nbsp;Collins Iwuji ,&nbsp;Ngcebo Mhlongo ,&nbsp;Nomathamsanqa Majozi ,&nbsp;Janet Seeley ,&nbsp;Janine Upton ,&nbsp;Guy Harling ,&nbsp;Philippa C. Matthews ,&nbsp;Anita Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The World Health Organisation (WHO) has set targets for the elimination of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which include preventing new infections and reducing deaths. We explored beliefs, behaviours and barriers to diagnosis, prevention and treatment for people living with HBV infection (PLWHB) and those with liver disease in a rural South African population in KwaZulu-Natal, to gather information to inform research and support the development of improved clinical and public health services.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using an interdisciplinary approach (combining public engagement, social science, clinical and laboratory team members) we conducted a community dialogue with members of the Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI) Community Advisory Board (CAB). Notes from the discussions were used to write up an account from which themes were identified during a team debrief session for data analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a lack of knowledge and awareness of HBV infection and transmission and prevention amongst CAB members, also reported among community members and healthcare workers. The participants recognised liver disease symptoms. Perceived causes of liver disease reported by the CAB were alcohol and non-adherence to HIV treatment. Barriers to care included stigma, poverty, and delays in referrals for HBV diagnosis and management.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Understanding barriers to care is important to shape future services for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of HBV and liver disease which are accessible, affordable and acceptable to the local population. Education, awareness and advocacy for improved liver health care pathways are required to make them effective for local communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000153/pdfft?md5=753eb610beaf8a98f2cb558a403c7fcf&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141394954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying patterns of sexual behaviors and PrEP uptake characteristics among MSM who were eligible for PrEP: A national cross-section study","authors":"Yuanyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Siyue Wei ,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Yidan Xian ,&nbsp;Yicheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun Ma ,&nbsp;Jiageng Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongdan Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Fengli Liu ,&nbsp;Maohe Yu ,&nbsp;Zhuang Cui ,&nbsp;Changping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2024.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a high risk of HIV infection and should be offered effective preventive measures, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, PrEP uptake among eligible MSM was not as high as desired. Diverse research findings on how risky sexual behaviors affect PrEP uptake highlight the necessity for a comprehensive investigation. Understanding the interconnectedness of different sexual behaviors is crucial for evaluating their impact on PrEP uptake among eligible MSM.</p><p>Using a proportional sampling method, we recruited 5877 MSM aged 16 years and above in mainland China according to PrEP eligibility criteria. Through latent class analysis (LCA), three distinct sexual behavior patterns were identified among eligible MSM. Demographic variances and PrEP uptake among the three distinct sexual behavior patterns were examined using chi-squared tests and multinomial logistic regression.</p><p>LCA revealed three patterns: low-risk (4,815 MSM), medium-risk (516 MSM), and high-risk (546 MSM). MSM aged 25 years or older with a monthly income of ≥¥8,000 were more likely to be in the medium-risk group. Those from areas with high HIV prevalence and engaging as \"top\" in anal sex were more likely to be in the medium- and high-risk groups. The medium- and high-risk groups had a higher willingness, uptake, and adherence rates for PrEP than the low-risk group.</p><p>LCA is effective in identifying diverse sexual behavior patterns among MSM, aiding targeted interventions to enhance PrEP uptake. Addressing demographic variations and tailoring interventions for specific risk groups are crucial for promoting PrEP dissemination and reducing HIV infection risk in eligible MSM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000190/pdfft?md5=1a60e545a08bd146cb85b0179964d886&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000190-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with unquantifiable total HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood in persons living with HIV: An observational study","authors":"Aurélie Ram ,&nbsp;Vanessa Rascon Velasco ,&nbsp;Gilbert Mchantaf ,&nbsp;Véronique Avettand-Fénoël ,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Viard","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2024.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cannot be eradicated even with suppressive antiretroviral therapy because its retrotranscribed genome integrates into the DNA of host cells, creating a long-term reservoir. Quantification of total HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood is a biomarker of this reservoir that can predict progression of the infection, treatment response, and HIV-1-related complications. A deeper understanding of the reservoir may help develop a cures.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to characterize persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) with unquantifiable total HIV-1 DNA in blood (below the quantification threshold) and identify associated factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We have conducted a retrospective observational study. During the study period, all PLWH who had total leukocyte-associated HIV-1 DNA measured by quantitative PCR were included. We have isolated a population of participants with HIV-1 DNA levels below the quantification threshold (40 copies/10⁶ leukocytes).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Out of 1094 patients analysed, 62 had unquantifiable and 1032 quantifiable HIV-1 DNA levels in blood. We have found that those with unquantifiable HIV-1 DNA had a higher CD4 T cell nadir (p = 0.006) and a lower viral load zenith (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that initiation of treatment in primary infection was the only protective factor against HIV-1 DNA quantifiability, the odds of HIV-1 DNA quantifiability decreased by 82% in those treated within 30 days of infection, after controlling for other factors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our research highlights the importance of an early start of anti-retroviral therapy to limit the size of the HIV-1 reservoir, as receiving treatment during primary infection was found as the only protective factor against quantifiability of HIV-1 DNA in blood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000074/pdfft?md5=85475b20495f9a09b83dced3f41b8dd3&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial JVE 10.1","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2024.100373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000104/pdfft?md5=58e0f6fb7f27b3cd7e09be833d758335&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140605835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of HIV-1 DNA levels among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV-1 in Yaounde, Cameroon: A contribution to paediatric HIV cure research in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Aude Christelle Ka'e ,&nbsp;Maria Mercedes Santoro ,&nbsp;Leonardo Duca ,&nbsp;Collins Ambe Chenwi ,&nbsp;Ezechiel Ngoufack Jagni Semengue ,&nbsp;Alex Durand Nka ,&nbsp;Naomi-Karell Etame ,&nbsp;Willy Leroi Togna Pabo ,&nbsp;Grace Beloumou ,&nbsp;Marie Laure Mpouel ,&nbsp;Sandrine Djupsa ,&nbsp;Desire Takou ,&nbsp;Samuel Martin Sosso ,&nbsp;Hyppolite K. Tchidjou ,&nbsp;Vittorio Colizzi ,&nbsp;Gregory-Edie Halle-Ekane ,&nbsp;Carlo-Federico Perno ,&nbsp;Sharon Lewin ,&nbsp;R Brad Jones ,&nbsp;Caroline T. Tiemessen ,&nbsp;Joseph Fokam","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2024.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), most children living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are growing toward adolescence, with scarcity of evidence on the size of viral reservoirs to enhance paediatric cure research strategies. This study aims to compare HIV-1 proviral DNA levels according to virological response among adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV-1 (ALPHIV) and identify associated-factors in the Cameroonian context.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this observational cohort study, HIV-1 RNA viremia and CD4⁺ T-cell count were assessed through RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively at three time-points over 18 months of observation. At the third time-point, 80 randomly-selected participants were classified as with viremia (≥50 HIV-1 copies/mL; n = 40) or without viremia (&lt;50 HIV-1 copies/mL; n = 40); immune-competent (≥500 CD4⁺ T cells/mm³) or immunocompromised (&lt;500 CD4⁺ T cells/mm³). Among these participants, total HIV-1 DNA load was quantified through droplet digital PCR using Bio-Rad QX200.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 80 randomly-selected adolescents, median [IQR] age was 15 (13-17) years, 56.2% were female, duration on ART was 9.3 [5.4–12.2] years. Among the 40 viremic ones (median viremia 7312 [283–71482]) HIV-1 copies/ml, 75.0% (30/40) were in virological failure (≥1000 HIV-1 copies/ml), while median of CD4 T cells were 494 [360–793] cell/mm³ with 48.8% (39/80) immunocompromised. No significant variation in HIV-1 RNA viremia and CD4 T cell count was observed between the three time-points, and 13.7% (11/80) adolescents remained aviremic and immune-competent throughout (stable adolescents). A positive and moderate correlation (r = 0.59; p &lt; 0.001) was found between HIV-1 DNA levels and HIV- 1 RNA viremia. Regarding the CD4 T cell count, a negative and weak correlation (r = −0.28; p = 0.014) was found with HIV-1 DNA loads only among adolescents with viremia. Starting ART within the first year of life, ART for over 9 years and aviremia appear as predictors of low HIV-1 DNA loads.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Among ALPHIV, high HIV-1 RNA indicates an elevated viral reservoir size, representing a drawback to cure research. Interestingly, early ART initiation and longer ARTduration lead to sustained viral control and limited HIV-1 reservoir size. As limited size of viral reservoir appears consistent with viral control and immune competence, adolescents with sustained viral control (about 14% of this target population) would be candidates for analytical ART interruptions toward establishing paediatric post-treatment controllers in SSA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000049/pdfft?md5=7d7972636617a72a1c03a870a41e5240&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000049-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on immune persistence of the CTN-1V strain rabies vaccine in humans","authors":"Lidong Wang ,&nbsp;Jia Li ,&nbsp;Qiuyue Mu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Sheng ,&nbsp;Danhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Guoling Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wu ,&nbsp;Li Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is a single-arm, single-center phase IV clinical trial on a rabies vaccine that has been marketed in China. The Vero cells and CTN-1V strain are used in the rabies vaccine product. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety, immunogenicity and immune persistence of this product. One hundred and forty-nine participants were enrolled to the study, all of whom were included in the safety analysis set (SS), among which 116 participants were included in the protocol analysis set (PPS), One hundred and fifteen participants were included in the 6-month immune persistence analysis set (IPS6) and 111 in the 12-month immune persistence analysis set IPS12. Results showed that: 1) In the SS analysis set, adverse reactions were mainly pyrexia and pain at the vaccination site, the severity of which were mostly grade 1, and concentrated in 0–3 days after vaccination. No grade 3 or above adverse events and serious adverse events (SAE) related to the experimental vaccine were observed. 2) In the PPS analysis set, the antibody positive conversion rate reached 100% at 14 days after full immunization of the pre-immunized negative population; The antibody geometric mean titer (GMT) (95% CI) was 14.82 (13.00, 16.90). 3) The positive rate of serum neutralizing antibody was 93.91 % and the GMT at 1.58 IU/ml at 6 months after full immunization. The positive rate of neutralizing antibody was 85.59 % and GMT at 1.30 IU/ml at 12 months after immunization. Our results show that the human rabies vaccine with the CTN-1V strain and Vero cells as matrix had good safety, immunogenicity and immune persistence in our study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000025/pdfft?md5=f87ce28507607ca9917c39d334f512bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140070871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunistic screening using point-of-care testing leads to successful linkage to care of HBV-infected migrant populations in a low endemic country","authors":"Erwin Ho ,&nbsp;Axelle Vanderlinden ,&nbsp;Liesbeth Govaerts ,&nbsp;Bo De Fooz ,&nbsp;Pierre Van Damme ,&nbsp;Peter Michielsen ,&nbsp;Thomas Vanwolleghem","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2024.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>In low endemic countries, screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in migrants is cost-effective in reducing the disease burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections, but linkage to care (LTC) remains a challenge. This study aims to guide future screening initiatives, with 3 objectives: 1. to compare LTC between different ethnic groups screened for HBsAg with point-of-care testing (POCT) in an outreach setting; 2. to estimate the proportion of HBsAg seropositivity for ethnic minorities; and 3. to investigate the association between seropositivity and HBV risk factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Opportunistic outreach screenings using finger prick HBsAg tests were performed at civic integration programmes between 11/2017 and 09/2022. If an individual tested positive, an appointment was given immediately at the outpatient hepatology clinic for follow-up and confirmation of HBsAg positivity in blood. Dedicated personnel contacted these individuals to motivate them for further LTC, which was defined as being assessed by a hepatologist, a blood test and an abdominal ultrasound.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 677 people from different ethnicities (Asian, Middle Eastern and African) were serologically screened using POCT. The observed positivity for HBsAg was 3.4 % (95% CI 2.17-5.05, 23/677). Apart from ethnicity and male sex, none of the surveyed HBV risk factors were associated with HBsAg seropositivity. All HBsAg positive individuals were linked to care and assessed by a hepatologist, despite the COVID-19 pandemic increase in time to follow-up of 82 days (95% CI 51–112 days) vs. 24 days (95% CI 5–43 days, p = 0.008)).</p><p>Among HBV-infected patients, 31.8% (7/22), 100 % (22/22) and 26.1% (6/23) met the criteria for treatment indication, intrafamilial transmission risk and need for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The proportion of HBsAg seropositivity in ethnic minorities was 3.4%. POCT and commitment of dedicated personnel can overcome previously identified barriers resulting in a 100% LTC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000062/pdfft?md5=e69d5e89dd5dfd42292132924c1e3e52&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140351332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing HIV cure research in low- and middle-income countries requires empowerment of the next generation of scientists","authors":"Roger Tatoud ,&nbsp;R Brad Jones ,&nbsp;Krista Dong ,&nbsp;Thumbi Ndung'u ,&nbsp;Steven Deeks ,&nbsp;Caroline T. Tiemessen","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially in Southern and Eastern Africa, bear the largest burden of the HIV globally, investigators working on the front lines in these regions are leading a limited number of research efforts, particularly related to HIV cure. Conducting HIV cure research in high-burden HIV LIMCs provides an unparalleled opportunity to formulate innovative research strategies, design trials tailored to the local context, evaluate clinical outcomes within key and vulnerable populations, meaningful involvement of stakeholders, and to shape policies in areas where HIV prevention and cure interventions can yield the most significant impact. Further, the high prevalence of infection, with varied HIV strains affecting large diverse populations, creates a unique environment for studies that would not be feasible in any other part of the world. This underscores the critical importance of addressing obstacles to unlock the full potential of research efforts in these regions. In this viewpoint, we identify significant challenges facing early career investigators in LMICs, particularly in Africa, that hinder their full engagement in HIV cure research. Drawing examples from the International AIDS Society's Research-for-Cure Academy, we provide practical recommendations to overcome barriers that include limited access to funding, effective mentors, educational and career development opportunities, coupled with inadequate investment in infrastructure that contribute towards the limited number of investigators from high-burden HIV LIMCs who are spearheading cutting-edge cure research. Addressing these challenges is crucial to empower investigators who possess unique insights and expertise, and who are well positioned to lead HIV cure-related research efforts. We acknowledge and welcome initiatives that promote capacity building and knowledge exchange between early-career investigators in LMICs and their peers and scientific leaders from high-income countries (HICs). Prioritizing investment in global collaboration and partnership will play a pivotal role in empowering the next generation of African scientists and clinicians. To expedite advancements of cure-related strategies that will be effective in high-burden HIV LMICs, we endorse the sustainable expansion of these pivotal initiatives in these regions, to enhance their effectiveness and hasten progress in the pursuit of a global HIV cure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000013/pdfft?md5=e23db47f15f7445a70060b4c2494b4a7&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000013-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140071168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass immunisation to eradicate Japanese encephalitis: Real-world evidence from Guizhou Province in 2005–2021","authors":"Wan-Xue Zhang ,&nbsp;Suye Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunliu Pan ,&nbsp;Yiguo Zhou ,&nbsp;Chao Wang ,&nbsp;Liping Rui ,&nbsp;Juan Du ,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Wei ,&nbsp;Ya-Qiong Liu ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Qing-Bin Lu ,&nbsp;Fuqiang Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2024.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To explore epidemiological changes of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in a long-time span and evaluate the impact of mass immunisation.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Data on JE cases from hospitals and the county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Guizhou Province was collected between 2005 and 2021. Epidemiological changes were analyzed according to a series of policy implementations and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 5138 JE cases and 152 deaths were reported in Guizhou Province during 2005–2021. The average incidence and case fatality rates were 0.83/100,000 and 2.96%, respectively. The JE prevalence showed a declining trend over the years with the reduced incidence gap between age groups and narrowing of the high-epidemic regions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the JE activity reached its nadir in 2020. The inclusion in the Expanded Program on Immunization of the JE vaccine and catch-up immunisations showed a significant impact on the JE declining incidence rate.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The implementation of JE immunisation programs has played a crucial role in controlling its spread. Continued efforts should be made to maintain high coverage of the JE vaccine and strengthen disease surveillance systems, ensuring JE effective control and eventual elimination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000037/pdfft?md5=b647c4e93eaf9e946d8e373c38bb3d1c&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engagement of AKT and ERK signaling pathways facilitates infection of human neuronal cells with West Nile virus","authors":"Wan-Da Tang ,&nbsp;Wei-Yang Zhu ,&nbsp;Hai-Lin Tang ,&nbsp;Ping Zhao ,&nbsp;Lan-Juan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jve.2024.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>West Nile virus (WNV) is an important neurotropic virus that accounts for the emergence of human arboviral encephalitis and meningitis. The interaction of WNV with signaling pathways plays a key role in controlling WNV infection. We have investigated the roles of the AKT and ERK pathways in supporting WNV propagation and modulating the inflammatory response following WNV infection. WNV established a productive infection in neuronal cell lines originated from human and mouse. Expression of IL-11 and TNF-α was markedly up-regulated in the infected human neuronal cells, indicating elicitation of inflammation response upon WNV infection. WNV incubation rapidly activated signaling cascades of AKT (AKT-S6-4E-BP1) and ERK (MEK-ERK-p90RSK) pathways. Treatment with AKT inhibitor MK-2206 or MEK inhibitor U0126 abrogated WNV-induced AKT or ERK activation. Strong activation of AKT and ERK signaling pathways could be detectable at 24 h after WNV infection, while such activation was abolished at 48 h post infection. U0126 treatment or knockdown of ERK expression significantly increased WNV RNA levels and viral titers and efficiently decreased IL-11 production induced by WNV, suggesting the involvement of ERK pathway in WNV propagation and IL-11 induction. MK-2206 treatment enhanced WNV RNA replication accompanied with a moderate decrease in IL-11 production. These results demonstrate that engagement of AKT and ERK signaling pathways facilitates viral infection and may be implicated in WNV pathogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000050/pdfft?md5=14db4a89b582a6ded93c4f30f9d8be42&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140346850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}