Jozefien De Clercq , Marie-Angélique De Scheerder , Sophie Vanherrewege , Els Caluwé , Nathalie Moreels , Danny Delooze , Annemieke Dhondt , Marc Coppens , Stefaan J. Vandecasteele , Sabine D. Allard , Coca Necsoi , Stéphane De Wit , Sarah Gerlo , Linos Vandekerckhove
{"title":"Staging of immuno-virological dynamics during acute HIV infection in a Belgian prospective cohort study","authors":"Jozefien De Clercq , Marie-Angélique De Scheerder , Sophie Vanherrewege , Els Caluwé , Nathalie Moreels , Danny Delooze , Annemieke Dhondt , Marc Coppens , Stefaan J. Vandecasteele , Sabine D. Allard , Coca Necsoi , Stéphane De Wit , Sarah Gerlo , Linos Vandekerckhove","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The events during acute HIV infection (AHI) set the stage for the subsequent course of the disease. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with favorable immunovirological outcomes, yet the precise impact of ART timing during AHI remains unclear, particularly on lymphoid tissues.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The ACS cohort is a prospective cohort study in Belgium, collecting longitudinal clinical data and human bodily material (HBM) from people diagnosed and treated during AHI. The aim of the cohort is to study the impact of ART initiation during AHI on HIV reservoir and immune dysfunction in peripheral blood and anatomical sanctuary sites, as well as its effect on the gut microbiome. The cohort consists of two HBM sampling trajectories: one limited (blood, stool and leukapheresis) and a more extensive one (blood, stool, leukapheresis, colonoscopy, inguinal lymph node excision and lumbar puncture). Here we describe the baseline characteristics, immunovirological outcomes, safety and tolerability of HBM sampling.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Between March 2016 and April 2024, 47 participants were enrolled, predominantly men who have sex with men (MSM), with a median age of 36 years [IQR 30–43.5]. Almost 90 % of participants initiated ART within 72 h after study inclusion, irrespective of HBM sampling trajectory. The timing of ART initiation according to the Fiebig stage did not significantly impact immune recovery (CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1) or the time to viral suppression. Approximately 40 % of participants opted for the extensive HBM sampling trajectory during AHI. However, the participation rate for the extensive trajectory decreased by nearly half at the longitudinal follow-up timepoint. In general, study-related procedures were safe and well-tolerated, with limited procedure-related adverse events (AEs). Inguinal lymph node excision was associated with the highest AE rate, in line with previous reports.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings reaffirm the beneficial effect of ART initiation during AHI on long term immunovirological outcomes, regardless of Fiebig stage at treatment initiation. Additionally, we demonstrate that the collection of HBM during and longitudinally after AHI is safe and feasible, without compromising time to ART initiation. Cohorts that integrate comprehensive clinical data with high-quality HBM samples are essential to longitudinally study the impact of early ART on reservoir dynamics and immune responses across various anatomical sites after AHI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karine Dubé , Thomas J. Villa , William Freshwater , Brittney Mauk , Annette Rid , Michael J. Peluso
{"title":"Partner protections in HIV cure-related trials involving analytical treatment interruption: Updated toolkit to mitigate HIV transmission risk","authors":"Karine Dubé , Thomas J. Villa , William Freshwater , Brittney Mauk , Annette Rid , Michael J. Peluso","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) are widely used to evaluate HIV cure-related research interventions. However, sex partners of cure-related trial participants might be at risk of acquiring HIV during ATIs. Addressing this risk is key to ensuring the continued success of trials involving ATIs and offer greater acceptability across multiple trials sites. In 2022, the Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally (ACTG) Network convened a Partner Protections Working Group (PPWG) to update the 2020 HIV transmission risk toolkit developed by Peluso and colleagues. In our review of the original toolkit, we identified new challenges and needs at the participant, partner and study levels, as well as new evidence on measures to address these needs and more advanced ethical thinking on partner protections in HIV cure-related trials with ATIs. Based on these findings, we developed an updated toolkit that will provide trial participants and their partners with better support to address new and unfamiliar situations and protect partners from undue harm. We present this toolkit, make it available as a resource for cure-related trials with ATIs and discuss possible future directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000232/pdfft?md5=4998fea798603048df3d77fc61673ab9&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fekiahmed Salah , Chernet Tafere , Lemessa Jira Ejigu , Fikir Tadesse , Azeb Gedif , Sileshi Mulatu
{"title":"Vaccines coverage and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in the Pawie district, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Fekiahmed Salah , Chernet Tafere , Lemessa Jira Ejigu , Fikir Tadesse , Azeb Gedif , Sileshi Mulatu","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although access to vaccines for children is increasing at healthcare facilities, outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases and deaths have been reported in different areas of the Benishangul Gumuz region, in Ethiopia. Various interventions have been designed to provide vaccines for each child at an appropriate age. Still there is limited information on full vaccination coverage and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, particularly in the Pawie district.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A community-based cross-sectional study design was used from April, 1–30, 2022 among 750 participants. Study populations were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data was coded and entered into the SPSS Statistics 23.0. Bi-variable and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with the children vaccination status. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered significantly associated with the outcome variable.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The results of this study revealed that 542 (72.3 %) (95 % CI: 68.9, 75.2) of the children were fully vaccinated. Factors significantly associated with full vaccination coverage included employed mothers (AOR = 0.53, 95 % CI: 0.29, 0.95), antenatal care (ANC) follow-up (AOR = 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.00, 3.03), post-natal care (PNC) follow-up (AOR = 6.19, 95 % CI: 3.62, 10.56), health institution delivery (AOR = 4.70, 95 % CI: 1.90, 11.66), birth order of children (AOR = 3.63, CI: 2.00, 6.59), maternal tetanus toxoid (TT) vaccination (AOR = 3.05, CI: 1.36, 6.86) and knowledge of vaccination schedule (AOR = 2.49, 95 % CI: 1.19, 5.21).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study revealed that among children aged 12–23 months, full vaccination coverage was notably low. Factors significantly associated with higher rates of full vaccination included mothers’ occupation, attendance at ANC visits, PNC visits, birth order of children, place of delivery, maternal awareness of vaccination schedules, and maternal TT vaccination status. These findings highlight the multifaceted influences of maternal characteristics, healthcare use patterns, and maternal knowledge on childhood vaccination in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caterina Tramontozzi , Anna Riccio , Silvia Pauciullo , Simone La Frazia , Antonio Rossi , M. Gabriella Santoro
{"title":"Indomethacin inhibits human seasonal coronaviruses at late stages of viral replication in lung cells: Impact on virus-induced COX-2 expression","authors":"Caterina Tramontozzi , Anna Riccio , Silvia Pauciullo , Simone La Frazia , Antonio Rossi , M. Gabriella Santoro","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coronaviruses (CoV), zoonotic viruses periodically emerging worldwide, represent a constant potential threat to humans. To date, seven human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been identified: HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, globally circulating in the human population (seasonal coronaviruses, sHCoV), and three highly-pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although sHCoV generally cause only mild respiratory diseases, severe complications may occur in specific populations, highlighting the need for broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus drugs. Herein we show that indomethacin (INDO), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug widely used in the clinic for its potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, effectively inhibits the replication of <em>Alpha-</em>coronavirus HCoV-229E and <em>Beta-</em>coronavirus HCoV-OC43 in human lung-derived cells. Indomethacin does not interfere with HCoV binding or entry into target cells, but acts at late stages of the virus life cycle, inhibiting viral RNA synthesis and infectious viral particles production. Although INDO anti-inflammatory action is mediated by blocking cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 (COX-1/2) enzymatic activity, the antiviral effect appears to be cyclooxygenase-independent and is not mimicked by the potent COX-1/2 inhibitor aspirin. Interestingly we found that both seasonal HCoVs markedly (>100 fold) induce the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator COX-2 in lung cells; notably, INDO-treatment was found to effectively inhibit virus-induced COX-2 expression at the transcriptional level, revealing an additional mechanism to prevent COX-2-mediated inflammatory reactions in HCoV-infected lung cells, besides COX activity inhibition. Altogether the results indicate that indomethacin, possessing both potent anti-inflammatory properties and a direct antiviral activity against HCoV, could be effective in the treatment of <em>Alpha-</em> and <em>Beta-</em>coronavirus infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comparison of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir and glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for the treatment of hepatitis C infection among people who inject drugs","authors":"Shana Yi , David Truong , Brian Conway","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To eliminate hepatitis C (HCV) infection as a public health concern by 2030, there is a need to develop comprehensive programs among key populations such as people who use drugs (PWUD). Two highly effective regimens are available for initial therapy: glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P) given as 3 tablets/day for 8 weeks and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (S/V) given as 1 tablet/day for 12 weeks. Data evaluating the safety and efficacy comparing one regimen over another in a population of PWUD is limited.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients were identified through outreach events. Viremic patients were offered HCV treatment within a multidisciplinary program. This retrospective comparison analysis focuses on the first 120 sequential individuals who chose either treatment and in whom a definitive outcome of treatment was available between March 1, 2019 and February 29, 2024. The primary outcomes of the analysis were cure of HCV infection and its corelates, as well as safety of the individual regimens.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We successfully identified 120 within each of the G/P and S/V treatment groups. Of those on G/P, we note 28.3 % female, 20.9 % Indigenous, 70.8 % using fentanyl, and 51.3 % with unstable housing. Of those on S/V, we note 25.8 % female, 20.8 % Indigenous, and 75 % using fentanyl and 56.7 % with unstable housing. Overall, 118 and 115 patients completed therapy on G/P and S/V, respectively. A total of 118 and 115 completed therapy on G/P and S/V, with virologic relapse documented in 3 and 2 participants on G/P and S/V, respectively. The ITT/mITT cure rates for G/P and S/V were 95.0 %/97.4 % and 94.2 %/98.3 %, respectively. There were 5 drug overdose deaths among those who initiated treatment, one on G/P and 4 on S/V. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: We have evaluated two highly effective regimens in a group of inner-city PWUD, with comparable success rates well in excess of 90 %. Our data supports the offer of both options for the treatment of PWUD with HCV infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000256/pdfft?md5=001f4534cfe32b3ae9c07b3fdb92c2c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000256-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tariful Islam , Nur-E-Safa Meem , Mehedi Hasan , Archi Mutsuddi , Alberi Afifa Shifat , Arpita Goutam , M. Rashidul Bari , Fahima Nasrin Eva , Md Faisal Kabir Rozars , Sayla Sultana , Naifa Enam Sarker , Mohammad Hayatun Nabi , Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
{"title":"Knowledge and attitude among Bangladeshi healthcare workers regarding the management and infection prevention and control of Nipah virus","authors":"Tariful Islam , Nur-E-Safa Meem , Mehedi Hasan , Archi Mutsuddi , Alberi Afifa Shifat , Arpita Goutam , M. Rashidul Bari , Fahima Nasrin Eva , Md Faisal Kabir Rozars , Sayla Sultana , Naifa Enam Sarker , Mohammad Hayatun Nabi , Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100389","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100389","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic pathogen that belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family. It can cause severe respiratory and neurological diseases in humans, with varying clinical symptoms. Recognized as a critical public health concern by the World Health Organization, it requires concerted efforts in research and development to prevent outbreaks.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 455 healthcare workers across four major regions in Bangladesh from April 2022 to May 2023. Using multistage convenient sampling and face-to-face interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire, we have examined the level of knowledge, attitudes, and individual perceptions of the preparedness for NiV. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analyses, followed by binary logistic regression to ascertain the association with demographic factors.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study identified a gender disparity favoring female healthcare workers (HCWs). Approximately 46.15 % of participants demonstrated a good knowledge about NiV, with doctors showing significantly higher knowledge odds (OR = 5.197, p < 0.001). Interestingly, graduate and post-graduate education levels did not yield a statistically significant correlation with knowledge. Specific training received was positively associated with knowledge levels (OR = 1.832, p = 0.014), highlighting the gap in routine infection prevention education. Regional differences were notable, with participants from Chittagong having a lower level of knowledge compared to Dhaka (OR = 0.307, p = 0.004). Attitudes towards NiV were predominantly positive, although higher education inversely correlated with positive attitudes, suggesting a potential gap between theoretical knowledge and practical attitudes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>While the attitude towards NiV is generally positive among Bangladeshi HCWs, there is a need to enhance knowledge levels, especially in primary care settings and certain regions. To effectively prepare for NiV outbreaks, it is crucial to prioritize continuous education and practical training. The study underscores the importance of implementing uniform educational strategies to equip HCWs across all categories and regions with adequate NiV knowledge and preparedness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000268/pdfft?md5=651174bdf6c158bb00ea71e5107e7d8b&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000268-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Chen , Fiona Borondy-Jenkins , Beatrice Zovich , Suzanne J. Block , Kate Moraras , Alice Chan , Chari Cohen
{"title":"Existing knowledge, myths, and perceptions about hepatitis B and liver cancer within highly impacted immigrant communities","authors":"Thomas Chen , Fiona Borondy-Jenkins , Beatrice Zovich , Suzanne J. Block , Kate Moraras , Alice Chan , Chari Cohen","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Immigrant groups from Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, sub-Saharan Africa, and the Caribbean bear the heaviest burden of chronic hepatitis B and primary liver cancer in the United States. Educational campaigns to increase knowledge about these diseases and their connection are necessary to promote protective health behaviors within these communities, to ultimately reduce the burden of disease, lessen stigma, and eliminate health disparities.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This project sought to engage groups within highly impacted communities to identify existing gaps in hepatitis B- and liver cancer-related knowledge, in order to inform future health education programming that will aim to reduce stigma and promote liver cancer prevention and early detection behaviors within and across groups.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fifteen focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted virtually with participants from Micronesian, Chinese, Hmong, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Vietnamese, Korean, Somali, Ethiopian, Filipino, Haitian, and Francophone West African communities. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic coding.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There are large gaps in knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B and liver cancer, and the link between these two diseases among Asian, Pacific Islander, African and Haitian immigrant communities. This limited knowledge and misinformation, exacerbated by stigma, hinder these groups’ utilization of hepatitis B and liver cancer diagnostic and preventative healthcare services.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>To reduce hepatitis B and liver cancer health disparities within heavily burdened groups, health education needs to be community-informed, culturally sensitive, and actionable. Study results can guide the development of culturally and linguistically appropriate education programs that focus on the link between hepatitis B and liver cancer and the need for vaccination and routine screening, and that are responsive to the knowledge gaps and misperceptions of diverse communities. The results also provide valuable insights for healthcare providers to improve the knowledge gaps of the diverse patient populations that they serve.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2055664024000165/pdfft?md5=525262a5fb77f8b09d53ccb5a056abc2&pid=1-s2.0-S2055664024000165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitchell Leus , Mayland Treat , Veronica Miller , Arthur Reingold
{"title":"Conference Report – Recommendations from the Forum for Collaborative Research Symposium on hepatitis B elimination and universal hepatitis B adult vaccination in the United States","authors":"Mitchell Leus , Mayland Treat , Veronica Miller , Arthur Reingold","doi":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jve.2024.100376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17552,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Virus Eradication","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S205566402400013X/pdfft?md5=f9440ca44e18454f8ab1ff2dfb787814&pid=1-s2.0-S205566402400013X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141130262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}