Brayden D Halvorson, Moeiz Ahmed, Sophie J Huang, Jefferson C Frisbee
{"title":"Scoping Review: Integration of the Major Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of Arteriolar Tone.","authors":"Brayden D Halvorson, Moeiz Ahmed, Sophie J Huang, Jefferson C Frisbee","doi":"10.1159/000535404","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Arteriolar tone regulation plays a critical role in maintaining appropriate organ blood flow and perfusion distribution, which is vital for both vascular and overall health.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This scoping review aimed to explore the interplay between five major regulators of arteriolar tone: metabolism (adenosine), adrenergic control (norepinephrine), myogenic activation (intravascular pressure), perivascular oxygen tension, and intraluminal flow rates. Specifically, the aim was to address how arteriolar reactivity changes in the presence of other vasoactive stimuli and by what mechanisms. The review focused on animal studies that investigated the impact of combining two or more of these stimuli on arteriolar diameter. Overall, 848 articles were identified through MEDLINE and EMBASE database searches, and 38 studies were included in the final review.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The results indicate that arteriolar reactivity is influenced by multiple factors, including competitive processes, structural limitations, and indirect interactions among stimuli. Additionally, the review identified a lack of research involving female animal models and limited insight into the interaction of molecular signaling pathways, which represent gaps in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138805885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meghan W Sedovy, Xinyan Leng, Farwah Iqbal, Mark C Renton, Melissa Leaf, Kailynn Roberts, Arya Malek, W Scott Arnold, David A Wyatt, Cynthia W Choate, Joseph F Rowe, Joseph W Baker, Scott R Johnstone, Mark Joseph
{"title":"Preserving Endothelial Integrity in Human Saphenous Veins during Preparation for Coronary Bypass Surgery.","authors":"Meghan W Sedovy, Xinyan Leng, Farwah Iqbal, Mark C Renton, Melissa Leaf, Kailynn Roberts, Arya Malek, W Scott Arnold, David A Wyatt, Cynthia W Choate, Joseph F Rowe, Joseph W Baker, Scott R Johnstone, Mark Joseph","doi":"10.1159/000535843","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While multiple factors influence coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) success rates, preserving saphenous vein endothelium during surgery may improve patency. Standard preparations include saphenous vein preparation in heparinized saline (saline) which can result in endothelial loss and damage. Here, we investigated the impact of preparing saphenous graft vessels in heparinized patient blood (blood) versus saline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Saphenous vein tissues from a total of 23 patients undergoing CABG were split into 2 groups (1) saline and (2) heparinized patient blood. Excess tissue was fixed for analysis immediately following surgery. Level of endothelial coverage, oxidative stress marker 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), and oxidative stress protective marker nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In saline patient veins, histological analysis revealed a limited luminal layer, suggesting a loss of endothelial cells (ECs). Immunofluorescent staining of EC markers vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and endothelial nitric oxide identified a significant improvement in EC coverage in the blood versus saline groups. Although both treatment groups expressed 4HNE to similar levels, EC blood samples expressed higher levels of NRF2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data indicate that use of heparinized patient blood helps preserve the endothelium and promotes vein graft health. This has the potential to improve long-term outcomes in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"68-76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139466636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nitric Oxide/Glucose Transporter Type 4 Pathway Mediates Cardioprotection against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury under Hyperglycemic and Diabetic Conditions in Rats.","authors":"Aisha Al-Kouh, Fawzi Babiker","doi":"10.1159/000539461","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The comorbidities of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) compromise the protection of the diabetic heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We hypothesized that manipulation of reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and survivor activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathways might protect the diabetic heart, and intervention of these pathways could be a new avenue for potentially protecting the diabetic heart.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All hearts were subjected to 30-min ischemia and 30-min reperfusion. During reperfusion, hearts were exposed to molecules proven to protect the heart from I/R injury. The hemodynamic data were collected using suitable software. The infarct size, troponin T levels, and protein levels in hearts were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both cyclosporine-A and nitric oxide donor (SNAP) infusion at reperfusion protected 4-week diabetic hearts from I/R injury. However, 6-week diabetic hearts were protected only by SNAP, but not cyclosporin-A. These treatments significantly (p < 0.05) improved cardiac hemodynamics and decreased infarct size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The administration of SNAP to diabetic hearts protected both 4- and 6-week diabetic hearts; however, cyclosporine-A protected only the 4-week diabetic hearts. The eNOS/GLUT-4 pathway executed the SNAP-mediated cardioprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Promotes Phenotypic Modulation via SMAD-4/MCT-4 Axis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.","authors":"Qi Li, Zhongsha Li, Jingyu Li, Xiaoling Qin, Fengjiao Wu, Chang Chen","doi":"10.1159/000532029","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000532029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to determine whether bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), which increases in response to intimal hyperplasia, promotes phenotype transition in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Balloon injury was used to induce intimal hyperplasia in rats. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect the alteration of vascular structure. Serum levels of BMP-4 and lactate were detected by ELISA. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HA-SMCs) were cultured. Protein and mRNA expression levels were detected through Western blot and real-time PCR. Cell migration was measured by transwell assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data showed that serum concentration of BMP-4 was upregulated after balloon injury. Treatment with BMP-4 inhibitor DMH1 (4-(6-(4-isopropoxyphenyl)pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-3-yl)quinoline) suppressed the abnormal expression of BMP-4 and inhibited the intimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury. Compared to BMP-4-negative medium, BMP-4-positive medium was associated with higher synthetic VSMC marker expression levels and lower in contractile gene markers in cultured HA-SMCs. Transfection of monocarboxylic acid transporters-4 (MCT-4) siRNA inhibited the excretion of lactate induced by BMP-4.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our analyses provided evidence that BMP-4 and its regulator Smad-4 are key regulators in MCT-4-mediated lactate excretion. This indicates that BMP-4 stimulates the phenotypic transition of VSMCs via SMAD-4/MCT-4 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preoperative Congestive Heart Failure Is Associated with Higher 30-Day Myocardial Infarction and Pneumonia after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.","authors":"Renxi Li, Anton Sidawy, Bao-Ngoc Nguyen","doi":"10.1159/000540918","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preoperative congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with higher postoperative mortality and complications in noncardiac surgery. However, postoperative outcomes for patients with preoperative CHF undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) have not been thoroughly established. This study evaluated the effect of preoperative CHF on 30-day outcomes following nonemergent intact EVAR using a large-scale national registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who had infrarenal EVAR were identified in the ACS-NSQIP database from 2012 to 2022. A 1:5 propensity-score matching was used to match demographics, baseline characteristics, aneurysm diameter, distant aneurysm extent, anesthesia, and concomitant procedures between patients with and without preoperative CHF. Thirty-day postoperative outcomes were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>467 (2.84%) CHF patients underwent intact EVAR. Meanwhile, 15,996 non-CHF patients underwent EVAR, where 2,248 of them were matched to all CHF patients. Patients with and without preoperative CHF had comparable 30-day mortality (3.02% vs. 2.62%, p = 0.64). However, CHF patients had higher myocardial infarction (3.02% vs. 1.47%, p = 0.03), pneumonia (3.23% vs. 1.73%, p = 0.04), 30-day readmission (p = 0.01), and longer length of stay (p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While patients with and without preoperative CHF had comparable 30-day mortality rates, those with CHF faced higher risks of cardiopulmonary complications. Effective management of preoperative CHF may help prevent postoperative complications in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"225-232"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142290067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rehan T Junejo, Dhiraj Gupta, Richard L Snowdon, Gregory Y H Lip, James P Fisher
{"title":"Relationship of Warfarin and Apixaban with Vascular Function in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.","authors":"Rehan T Junejo, Dhiraj Gupta, Richard L Snowdon, Gregory Y H Lip, James P Fisher","doi":"10.1159/000535618","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with endothelial damage/dysfunction. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is superior in AF patients taking apixaban compared to warfarin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AF patients on apixaban (n = 46; 67 [7] years; mean [standard deviation]; 15 women) and warfarin (n = 27; 73 [9] years (p < 0.01); 11 women) were recruited. Duplex Doppler ultrasound imaging was undertaken during baseline (2 min), cuff inflation (5 min), and following cuff deflation (3 min). FMD was defined as peak increase in brachial artery diameter following cuff deflation and analysed as percentage change in diameter, as a ratio of FMD, shear rate area under the curve (SRAUC; FMD-to-SRAUC), and using SRAUC as a covariate (FMDSR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline artery diameter (4.96 [1.14] vs. 4.89 [0.88] mm), peak diameter (5.12 [1.17] vs. 5.14 [0.93] mm), and FMDSR (3.89 [3.62] vs. 4.80 [3.60] %) were not different between warfarin and apixaban (p > 0.05; analysis of covariance with age, CHA2DS2-VASc, years since AF diagnosis, number of diabetics, alcohol drinkers, and units of alcohol consumed per week as covariates). Stepwise multiple regression identified independent association of fibrillation, hypertension, and increased age with FMD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AF patients on warfarin and apixaban exhibit similar endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Increased blood pressure negatively impacts vasodilator capacity in AF patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10997243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caitlin Wilson, Janice M Thompson, Leah Terrian, Adam D Lauver, Emma D Flood, Gregory D Fink, Lisa Sather, Sudin Bhattacharya, G Andres Contreras, Stephanie W Watts
{"title":"Perivascular Adipose Tissue Remodels Only after Elevation of Blood Pressure in the Dahl SS Rat Fed a High-Fat Diet.","authors":"Caitlin Wilson, Janice M Thompson, Leah Terrian, Adam D Lauver, Emma D Flood, Gregory D Fink, Lisa Sather, Sudin Bhattacharya, G Andres Contreras, Stephanie W Watts","doi":"10.1159/000535513","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tunica media extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is well understood to occur in response to elevated blood pressure, unlike the remodeling of other tunicas. We hypothesize that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is responsive to hypertension and remodels as a protective measure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The adventitia and PVAT of the thoracic aorta were used in measuring ECM genes from 5 pairs of Dahl SS male rats on 8 or 24 weeks of feeding from weaning on a control (10% Kcal fat) or high-fat (HF; 60%) diet. A PCR array of ECM genes was performed with cDNA from adventitia and PVAT after 8 and 24 weeks. A gene regulatory network of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (HF 2-fold > con) was created using Cytoscape.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 weeks, 29 adventitia but 0 PVAT DEGs were found. By contrast, at 24 weeks, PVAT possessed 47 DEGs while adventitia had 3. Top DEGs at 8 weeks in adventitia were thrombospondin 1 and collagen 8a1. At 24 weeks, thrombospondin 1 was also a top DEG in PVAT. The transcription factor Adarb1 was identified as a regulator of DEGs in 8-week adventitia and 24-week PVAT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data support that PVAT responds biologically once blood pressure is elevated.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"26-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138805883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment for Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Using Vessel Wall Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Multireader ROC Study to Determine Optimal Sequence for Detecting Vessel Wall Calcification.","authors":"Hideki Ishimaru, Yohei Ikebe, Tsuyoshi Izumo, Hiroshi Imai, Minoru Morikawa, Reiko Ideguchi, Ayano Ishiyama, Hirofumi Koike, Masataka Uetani, Ryo Toya","doi":"10.1159/000538175","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We aimed to compare conventional vessel wall MR imaging techniques and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to determine the optimal sequence for detecting carotid artery calcification.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two patients who underwent carotid vessel wall MR imaging and neck CT were enrolled. Four slices of 6-mm sections from the bilateral internal carotid bifurcation were subdivided into 4 segments according to clock position (0-3, 3-6, 6-9, and 9-12) and assessed for calcification. Two blinded radiologists independently reviewed a total of 704 segments and scored the likelihood of calcification using a 5-point scale on spin-echo imaging, FLASH, and QSM. The observer performance for detecting calcification was evaluated by a multireader, multiple-case receiver operating characteristic study. Weighted κ statistics were calculated to assess interobserver agreement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QSM had a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.85, which was significantly higher than that of any other sequence (p < 0.01) and showed substantial interreader agreement (κ = 0.68). A segment with a score of 3-5 was defined as positive, and a segment with a score of 1-2 was defined as negative; the sensitivity and specificity of QSM were 0.75 and 0.87, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>QSM was the most reliable MR sequence for the detection of plaque calcification.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"122-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140318553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}