Journal of Vascular Research最新文献

{"title":"Evidence in Favor of Calcium-Sensing Receptor in L-Cysteine-Mediated Vasorelaxation of Mouse Thoracic Aorta.","authors":"Nuran Ogulener, Busra Akarsakarya, Fatma Aydinoglu","doi":"10.1159/000548774","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In our study, the possible role of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) pathway in L-cysteine-/hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)-induced vasorelaxations was investigated in isolated mouse thoracic aorta tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this purpose, vasorelaxations to L-cysteine (H₂S substrate; 1 µ<sc>m</sc>-10 m<sc>m</sc>) and calindol (CaSR agonist; 0.3-10 μ<sc>m</sc>) were measured in endothelial-intact and -denuded thoracic aorta segments contracted with phenylephrine (5 μ<sc>m</sc>). Also, the effects of propargylglycine (PAG) and Calhex-231, cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) and CaSR inhibitor, respectively, on L-cysteine- and calindol-induced vasorelaxations were investigated in thoracic aorta segments. In addition, the effects of L-cysteine, calindol, and endothelium on H₂S generation in mouse aorta segments were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>L-cysteine- and calindol-induced vasorelaxations were reduced in the presence of PAG and Calhex-231. Furthermore, in endothelium-denuded tissues, the vasorelaxations to calindol and L-cysteine were reduced compared to endothelium-intact tissues. Also, calindol increased basal H₂S generation, and PAG and Calhex-231 reduced the increase in H₂S production stimulated with calindol. Calhex-231 reduced the increase in H₂S production in the presence of L-cysteine. Also, H₂S production decreased in endothelium-denuded tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Endogenous H₂S generated by CSE produces endothelium-dependent relaxation by activating CaSR in mouse thoracic aorta tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"53-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Gelatine-Methylene Blue Method for Enhanced Visualization of Digital Artery Perforators in Cadaveric Studies.","authors":"Rasyidah Rehir, Sameer Dhumale","doi":"10.1159/000549047","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Precise visualization of digital artery perforators (DAPs) is essential for anatomical research and microsurgical planning. Traditional injection techniques often fail to highlight small calibre vessels and pose technical or environmental limitations. Gelatine is biocompatible and easy to use, and methylene blue provides strong contrast. However, no prior studies have combined both for vascular enhancement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty digits from five fresh frozen cadaveric upper limbs (mean age: 83 years, all female) were used. After saline irrigation, radial and ulnar arteries were perfused with 24 g/L gelatine and 1% w/v methylene blue via 18-G cannulas. Limbs were warmed to enhance dye flow, then chilled overnight. Digits were dissected to expose DAPs. Kruskal-Wallis tests confirmed consistent perfusion and high inter- and intra-observer reliability (p ≥ 0.81).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This gelatine-methylene blue technique provides a reliable, cost-effective method for clear and reproducible vascular visualization in cadaveric studies and surgical training.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"146-155"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Sex Differences in Metabolic Disease on Vasculopathy Using the Vascular Health Index.","authors":"Nathaniel J Smail, Lujaina Kamar, Isabel Zimmerman, Jefferson C Frisbee, Stephanie J Frisbee","doi":"10.1159/000549739","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Investigation into vascular health and disease across elevated risk conditions has been intensively studied for many years. However, the ability to understand integrated vascular health status has been challenging, as most previous work has focused on specific outcomes, interventions, or potential mechanistic links. While these efforts have revealed many factors contributing to vasculopathy, challenges remain for comparing results across research groups, models, and conditions to understand vascular health status. In the present study, our objective was to quantify sex-dependent differences in peripheral and cerebral vascular health across metabolic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Utilizing the vascular health index (VHI), a validated metric allowing for simultaneous assessment of vascular reactivity/endothelial function, vascular wall mechanics, and microvessel density within cerebral and skeletal muscle networks, we focus on the impact of elevated metabolic disease risk between male and female obese Zucker rats (OZR). In addition, we study VHI in female OZR following ovariectomy (OVX), with all outcomes compared to results from \"healthy\" lean Zucker rats (LZRs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across all ages, male and female LZR demonstrated comparable VHI, although increased metabolic disease risk reduced both skeletal muscle and cerebral VHI in male OZR more rapidly, and to a greater extent, as compared to female OZR. Protection for VHI for female OZR with elevated disease risk was dependent on intact sex hormone cycling, as OVX in female OZR removed protection in VHI compared to normal female OZR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that sex-based protections in peripheral and cerebral vascular health with metabolic disease in female OZR (versus males) are present at multiple levels of resolution and are dependent on normal female sex hormone cycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"103-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145634838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasomotion in Human Fingers.","authors":"Pekka Talke, Jonathan S Maltz, Marcus Talke, Mika Scheinin, Mohamed Kheir Diab","doi":"10.1159/000548155","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: We describe methods by which vasomotion can be recorded in awake and anesthetized human subjects without significant interference from other spontaneous vascular oscillations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In three separate studies, we used photoplethysmography (PPG) to record vasomotion in fingertips. In Study 1, we induced chemical sympathectomy in the studied hand of 11 awake subjects who received intravenous dexmedetomidine infusions. In Study 2, we administered four progressively increasing intravenous dexmedetomidine infusions to 16 awake volunteers. In Study 3, we recorded vasomotion simultaneously from 6 fingers of 7 patients who were under dexmedetomidine-based anesthesia. Five-minute epochs of PPG recordings that displayed slow vascular oscillations were analyzed for frequency and amplitude.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Study 1, vasomotion frequencies were 0.025 ± 0.008 Hz. In Study 2, vasomotion frequencies were 0.033 ± 0.006 Hz, and 0.032 ± 0.008 Hz during the two highest dexmedetomidine infusion steps. In Study 3, vasomotion frequencies ranged from 0.020 to 0.037 Hz and were observed in all 6 fingers, with no synchrony between the six fingers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The vascular oscillations we observed without significant interference from other spontaneous oscillations are independent of neural activity (Study 1), local in nature (Study 3), and associated with alpha-2-adrenoceptor activation, consistent with known properties of vasomotion. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"14-28"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12503831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Quantitative Imaging of Heterogeneous Tissue Hemoglobin Dynamics Using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging.","authors":"Gordon T Kennedy, Rebecca Rowland, Amaan Mazhar, David J Cuccia, Anthony J Durkin","doi":"10.1159/000551348","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Arterial insufficiency is a key factor in chronic wounds, diabetes, and peripheral arterial disease, all of which impair vascular function. Accurate monitoring of tissue-level oxygenation and hemodynamics is critical for assessing outcomes in cases of vascular compromise. However, many existing tools only measure small, localized regions of tissue. This study evaluates spatial variation in oxygenation during a vascular occlusion test (VOT) using wide-field spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tissue oxygenation and perfusion dynamics were assessed using SFDI to map oxygen saturation (StO₂) and total hemoglobin in the papillary dermis (HbT1) and deeper tissue (HbT2) during a VOT in 13 subjects. Measurements were taken immediately before induction of the occlusion, after 4 min of occlusion, and immediately after occlusion release. Two regions of interest (ROIs) were analyzed: (1) areas with larger subsurface vessels (macrovasculature) and (2) areas dominated by capillary networks (microvasculature).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>StO₂ values differed significantly between microvascular-only and macrovascular ROIs at all time points. Microvascular ROIs showed greater StO₂ changes during occlusion, indicating higher oxygen extraction. HbT1 concentrations did not differ significantly between ROIs at any time point.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spatial variation is critical when comparing tissue hemodynamics across time and subjects. Noncontact wide-field imaging enables assessment of heterogeneous tissue regions that are difficult to evaluate with probe-based methods. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"255-264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13245941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147457291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyl Palmitate, a Potent Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Attenuates Vascular Remodeling in L-N^G-Nitro Arginine Methyl Ester-Induced Hypertensive Wistar Rat Models.","authors":"Ashwini Rao, Padmanabha Udupa, Cheryl Rhea Lewis, Geethika Yelleti","doi":"10.1159/000551278","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin and bradykinin systems. Though synthetic ACE inhibitors are more effective, they pose several side effects. Methyl palmitate (MP), a natural fatty acid methyl ester with cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasodilatory properties, is not explored for its ACE inhibitory or antihypertensive potential. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro ACE inhibition of MP and its effect on L-NG-Nitro Arginine Methyl Ester (<sc>L</sc>-NAME)-induced hypertensive male Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro ACE inhibition assay was conducted to compare the inhibition potency of MP with that of lisinopril. Male Wistar rats (n = 35, 7 per group) were grouped into control, disease control, and treatment groups receiving 100, 150, or 200 mg/kg/day of MP for 21 days each. Blood pressure, serum ACE activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in kidney tissue homogenate, and thoracic aorta histopathology were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MP inhibited ACE by 61.05% at 5 µ<sc>m</sc>, exceeding lisinopril's 41.67%. High-dose MP significantly reduced serum ACE and MDA levels, while increasing NO (p < 0.001). Histopathology revealed near-normal vasculature, although changes in blood pressure were not statistically significant (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MP demonstrates strong natural ACE inhibition, antioxidant, and vascular protective effects, supporting further research for therapeutic optimization. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"231-243"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13155739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N6-Methyladenosine Modification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Disease: A Review.","authors":"Chengjun Huang, Xianping Long, Ranzun Zhao","doi":"10.1159/000548372","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000548372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impairment of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) causes many vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart conditions. Research has shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification regulates VSMCs' function in a vascular environment.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>By regulating RNA metabolism, m6A modification affects key biological processes in VSMCs, such as proliferation, migration, phenotypic transformation, and apoptosis. We aim to examine the role of m6A modification and its associated enzymes in vascular diseases caused by VSMC dysfunction and explore its potential as a therapeutic target so that we can develop drugs targeting VSMC dysfunction on a scientific basis.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>m6A modification's role in cardiovascular disorders and potential as a therapeutic target demand further study as a critical regulating component in VSMC biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability of Metrics of Skin Microvascular Function at Pressure Injury-Prone Sites Using a Direct Pressure and Heating Protocol.","authors":"Alex Lloyd, Alexander Robertson, Mike Fray, Jo Barnes, Vicky Tolfrey, Sven Hoekstra","doi":"10.1159/000550214","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluated the repeatability of a heating and pressure protocol using laser Doppler flowmetry to measure the full dynamic range of skin microvascular responses at the sacrum and heel - key sites for pressure injury risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy participants (10 male, 2 female; mean age 28 ± 4 years; stature 1.77 ± 0.11 m; body mass 72.6 ± 11.9 kg; body mass index 23 ± 3 kg/m2) completed sacrum assessments. Eleven participants (9 male, 2 female; mean age 28 ± 4 years; stature 1.77 ± 0.57 m; body mass 79.5 ± 9.8 kg; body mass index 20.4 ± 4.5 kg/m2) completed heel assessments. Each participant underwent three identical experimental sessions comprising four phases: baseline, local heating, loading, and pressure release. Skin blood flow was measured continuously. Repeatability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), with an ICC of 0.75 as a minimum threshold for acceptable repeatability. Four methods were tested to identify the pressure at which blood flow ceased: segmental regression, visual analysis of the initial plateau in blood flow, visual analysis of the final cessation of blood flow, and the plateau that corresponds the final-minute mean.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The protocol showed good to excellent repeatability for baseline flow, settled flow at 42°C, and post direct-pressure reactive hyperaemia. Maximum combined thermal and reactive hyperaemia demonstrated excellent repeatability at the sacrum (ICC = 0.93) and heel (ICC = 0.91), while the area under the curve showed good repeatability at the sacrum (ICC = 0.81) and excellent at the heel (ICC = 0.90). Segmental regression showed the strongest repeatability (ICC = 0.90 at the sacrum; ICC = 0.84 at the heel). Visual inspection of the initial plateau in blood flow and absolute cessation of blood flow also exceeded the threshold for acceptable repeatability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a reproducible protocol for assessing pressure-induced microvascular compromise, capturing responses from complete vascular occlusion to peak thermal-pressure hyperaemic vasodilation. Applied at the sacrum and heel, it offers a quantifiable, non-invasive tool to investigate pressure injury risk in vulnerable populations. It also supports future evaluations of support surfaces, offloading strategies, and novel therapeutic interventions to improve tissue pressure tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"201-213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146125665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Gene Expression Signatures across Stages of Carotid Plaque Calcification.","authors":"Hiroyuki Katano, Tomoyasu Yamanaka, Teishiki Shibata, Yasuhide Inoue, Yusuke Nishikawa, Shigeki Yamada, Motoki Tanikawa, Kazuo Yamada, Mitsuhito Mase","doi":"10.1159/000550336","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: The aims of the study were to elucidate gene expression changes associated with different stages of calcification in carotid artery plaques and clarify the dynamic biological processes underlying plaque maturation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Carotid plaque specimens were classified into four groups - mildly, moderately, severely, and very severely calcified - based on calcium scores derived from computed tomography. RNA-Seq (SMART-Seq) analysis and quantitative RT-PCR validation were performed to assess expression profiles of genes related to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype, inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM), and calcification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mildly calcified plaques exhibited elevated inflammatory (CD68, TNF) and osteogenic (RUNX2, SPP1/OPN) gene expression. Moderately calcified plaques showed transient suppression of these genes with upregulation of ELN, suggesting structural stabilization. In severely calcified plaques, osteogenic and inflammatory gene expression persisted, while contractile markers (ACTA2, MYH11) showed limited reactivation. Very severely calcified plaques demonstrated downregulation of VSMC-related genes and selective ECM remodeling, indicating a quiescent, structurally stabilized stage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Carotid plaque calcification represents a dynamic, multistage process characterized by reversible and irreversible transitions in VSMC phenotype and ECM composition. These findings emphasize that calcification is not merely passive deposition but reflects coordinated cellular and molecular remodeling, which may inform future stage-specific therapeutic strategies. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"156-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12959890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146003265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Explainable Machine Learning Model for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Prediction Based on Dietary Antioxidants in a National Population.","authors":"Mei Xue, Hannah Chang, Bo-Chun Wang, Ning Ma, Xiao-Qian Zhang, Xiao-Qian Wang, Wen-Quan Niu, Xiao-Qun Dong, Chung-Chou H Chang","doi":"10.1159/000549326","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000549326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: The role of dietary antioxidants in preventing or delaying the progression of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome remains underexplored. We aimed to develop and interpret a machine learning (ML) model to predict advanced CKM stages based on dietary antioxidant profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were analyzed from 10,257 adults aged >30 years in the NHANES 2007-2010 and 2017-2018 cycles. Dietary antioxidant intake was estimated using two 24-h dietary recalls. Five ML algorithms were trained with rigorous hyperparameter optimization and evaluated comprehensively. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was applied to elucidate feature importance and individual-level contributions. An online prediction tool was deployed to enhance clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model achieved the highest predictive performance, yielding an area under the curve of 0.901. SHAP analysis identified seven key predictors: age, sex, smoking status, magnesium, zinc, myricetin, and catechin. Older age, male sex, and smoking were associated with increased CKM risk, whereas higher intakes of magnesium, myricetin, zinc, and catechin were protective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>XGBoost effectively predicted advanced CKM stages using a concise set of seven features. Explainable AI approaches such as SHAP enhance model transparency and clinical translation, supporting personalized CKM risk stratification based on dietary antioxidant patterns. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":17530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vascular Research","volume":" ","pages":"76-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12707898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145459027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}