Journal of water process engineering最新文献

{"title":"Removal of pharmaceutical compounds from sewage effluent by the nanofiltration membrane","authors":"Zarimah Mohd Hanafiah ,&nbsp;Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar ,&nbsp;Rosiah Rohani ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faiz Fadzizi ,&nbsp;Wan Abd Al-Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar ,&nbsp;Khalid Sayed ,&nbsp;Teh Sabariah Binti Abdul Manan ,&nbsp;Antonius Indarto","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane is a promising technology for water treatment, and its commercial production has emerged globally. However, commercial membranes' effectiveness is still uncertain due to the new types of contaminants, such as pharmaceutical compounds (PC). Thus, in the current work, the performance of two commercial membranes (NFX and GC) has been evaluated using feed water from the effluent of sewage treatment plants (STP) and hospital wastewater (HWW). The spiked feed water contains PC classes of analgesics/anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensives, beta-blockers, and psychiatric/antidepressants. The percentage difference between feed and permeate was measured. While the fouling properties of the membranes are also evaluated using STP and HWW as feed, along with the pure water flux in a variable-pressure setting, the results showed that NFX exhibits excellent, consistent rejection for the targeted PCs (&gt;80 %). GC showed a broader range of rejection (10 % to 90 %) and presented a better flux flow than NFX. The main rejection factor is due to the membrane's pore size variation and the layer construction, which refer to the absorption, size exclusion, and diffusion of the PCs instead of the type of feed water and the flux. Current work provides scientific data on the diverse fabrication and market-available types of membranes, which would pose various efficiencies towards the type of targeted pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging technologies for efficient water use in agriculture: A review of current trends and future directions","authors":"Uttam Biswas Antu ,&nbsp;Md. Saiful Islam ,&nbsp;Sujat Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md. Arifuzzaman ,&nbsp;Sawmitra Saha ,&nbsp;Puja Rani Mitu ,&nbsp;Aditya Raj Sarkar ,&nbsp;Nor Aida Mahiddin ,&nbsp;Zulhilmi Ismail ,&nbsp;Khalid A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Abubakr M. Idris","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water sets our planet apart from all others we know of. Although the global supply of fresh water is sufficient to meet current and future water demands, its distribution in terms of location and timing is uneven. Many regions face shortages of freshwater resources and cannot fulfill domestic, economic, and environmental needs. In these areas, the scarcity of clean water for drinking and sanitation hampers human health and productivity, thereby limiting economic growth and the preservation of a clean environment and healthy ecosystems. Currently, 7 % of the global population resides in water-scarce regions, and this situation is expected to worsen as the world's population reaches 9 billion by 2050, with 67 % living in urban areas. Efficient water use in agriculture is vital for food security, environmental protection, and economic viability. Conventional water management methods are inadequate for addressing emerging challenges, necessitating advanced technologies such as sensors, artificial intelligence, remote sensing, nanotechnology, and desalination. Innovative technologies offer real-time monitoring and precise resource distribution to improve water management, enhancing efficiency and sustainability. However, widespread adoption faces challenges such as cost, regulatory issues, technological complexity, and infrastructure limitations. Addressing data privacy, cybersecurity, and equitable access to technology is also crucial. This article provides comprehensive coverage of these innovative technologies and tools, considering the operational characteristics of emerging technologies and the existing technology gap. Overall, this study examines innovations in water management technology, highlights ongoing research, identifies gaps, and offers recommendations for policymakers, water utilities, and researchers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106317"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of Diuron in water – Impact of Rh impregnation on P25 visible light activity","authors":"Jennyffer Stefania Martinez Quimbayo ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Ghosalya ,&nbsp;Assa Aravindh Sasikala Devi ,&nbsp;Juha Ahola ,&nbsp;Rafal Sliz ,&nbsp;Marko Huttula ,&nbsp;Matti Alatalo ,&nbsp;Samuli Urpelainen ,&nbsp;Satu Ojala","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant efforts have lately been dedicated to the development of visible light activated photocatalysts for the degradation of emerging pollutants in water. This study shows the impact of Rh addition on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ in Diuron degradation through various experimental approaches and modelling. Three samples with different Rh loading (0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 %) were synthesized, characterized, and their activities were evaluated. It was observed that the activity of RhP25 improved under white light irradiation with increasing Rh content. At low Rh loadings the Rh atoms interact with Ti and may be stabilized in the TiO₂ lattice. At higher loadings Rh interacts with the O atoms forming two different clusters Rh₃O₄ and Rh₄O₆ on the TiO₂ surface. This phenomenon was evidenced by DFT, XPS and XRD results. The addition of Rh induce new electronic states in the TiO₂ enhancing the visible light absorption. Photocatalytic experiments revealed a threefold increase in Diuron removal under white light irradiation for 2%RhP25 compared to P25, achieving 23 % degradation in comparison with the 7 % observed for the P25 without the Rh addition. Furthermore, repeated experiments did not show significant deterioration of the activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pre-chlorination on ultrafiltration process in directly treating seasonal high-turbidity surface water: Membrane fouling control and shock load resisting","authors":"Haochun Wang,&nbsp;Yaru Zhang,&nbsp;Chenghai Lin,&nbsp;Ao Wang,&nbsp;Yanrui Wang,&nbsp;Yating Hu,&nbsp;Shu Jiang,&nbsp;Jinlong Wang,&nbsp;Heng Liang,&nbsp;Xiaobin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seasonal high turbidity in the surface water is posing great challenges to the feasibility of direct ultrafiltration (UF) due to the severe membrane fouling. In this study, a direct UF process was employed to treat the high-turbidity surface water. With the conventional operational protocols, severe membrane fouling encountered. Model fitting indicated that membrane fouling, resulting from the UF of high turbidity water, was predominantly associated with the complete obstruction of pores on the surface of the membrane and the subsequent formation of a cake layer. A pre-disinfection process using sodium hypochlorite was developed in this study, and the membrane fouling was significantly mitigated during long-term (885 h) filtration. The optimized chlorine dosage was 1.5 mg/L in treating the 800 NTU surface water, and enabled the transmembrane pressure (TMP) stabilization of UF process at a low level (&lt;10 kpa). Pre-disinfection can effectively inactivate microorganisms and diminish the presence of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This results in a transition from complex and viscous fouling to inorganic fouling on the cake layer caused by high turbidity water. With pre-chlorination, the adhesion force of the cake layer attached on the membrane reduced significantly to make the fouling more easily detach and be removed from on the membrane surface by the shear stress caused by the hydraulic backwash. These findings are expected to develop new insights into the membrane fouling control of UF in directly treating the seasonal high-turbidity surface water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation and mathematical modelling of a spiral wound membrane module for osmotically assisted reverse osmosis applications","authors":"Mattia Turetta ,&nbsp;Alberto Bertucco ,&nbsp;Filippo Briani ,&nbsp;Nicola Michelon ,&nbsp;Jörg Vogel ,&nbsp;Xuan Tung Nguyen ,&nbsp;Elena Barbera","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) has gained interest for applications like desalination, wastewater treatment, and draw solution recovery in forward osmosis. Despite that, on the one hand limited experimental research on pilot- or industrial-scale modules is available, and on the other hand existing simulations are often theoretical and unsuitable for real OARO scenarios. A validated mathematical model reflecting the actual membrane behaviour is crucial for understanding the process accurately and designing it effectively. This study investigated a prototype spiral wound 4040 module for OARO in a pilot plant, using NaCl solutions at various concentrations as feed and sweep solutions. Experiments were carried out at feed concentrations from 17 g/L to 226 g/L and sweep solution concentrations equal to or less than the feed. Steady-state water flux data were collected applying pressures from 8 to 28 bar. In parallel, a predictive mathematical model based on material balances was developed and validated to describe water flux variation within the membrane module, providing insights that are useful for process optimization. Positive water fluxes (1–2 LMH) were obtained even for highly concentrated solutions (226 g/L), indicating the system's capability to handle high salinity feeds. It has been observed that deformation of the membrane under high pressures can adversely affect its performance in a significant way. This is because deformation reduces the cross-sectional area of the membrane and increases the pressure drop on the sweep side. In conclusion, the results demonstrate promising membrane capability in managing high solute concentrations, and the validity of the developed predictive model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106355"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BiVO4-anchored carbon aerogel adsorbent with unique photocatalytic regeneration performance for effective water treatment","authors":"Xiufang Zhang ,&nbsp;Keke Zhang ,&nbsp;Liuliu Yu ,&nbsp;Xueqing Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Dong ,&nbsp;Guanlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing adsorbent with both high adsorption performance and facile regeneration character for water treatment is highly desirable but remains challenging. In this work, the carbon aerogel was loaded with BiVO₄ photocatalyst to construct a 3D composite adsorbent (CA/BVO) with distinctive photocatalytic regeneration performance for water purification, for which the CA/BVO after reaching adsorption saturation can be efficiently regenerated under visible-light illumination. The BiVO₄ loading amount was varied to investigate its effect on adsorption and photocatalytic regeneration performance of CA/BVO. Results showed the optimal CA/BVO-2 (moderate BiVO₄ loading) can realize effective phenol removal (98.7%) in long-term continuous fixed-bed adsorption and maintained over 80% of initial adsorption performance after four adsorption-regeneration cycles, whose regeneration performance was 20 times higher than that of CA alone. •OH was proven to be critical in photocatalytic regeneration process. Moreover, the CA/BVO-2 displayed superior phenol adsorption and good reproducibility during real surface water treatment, whose adsorption capacity was even 14% higher than that in ultrapure water background. The enhanced adsorption behavior of CA/BVO-2 in surface water was ascribed to the effect of coexisting components of humic acid and fulvic acid with rich oxygen-containing groups, which adsorbed on CA/BVO-2 and provided additional sites for favorable chemisorption of phenol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106373"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SILAR-assisted synthesis of Cu2O modified TiO2 nanotube arrays: Study on efficient photocatalytic dye degradation and hydrogen evolution","authors":"Junwei Hou ,&nbsp;Lin Gan ,&nbsp;Nan Bao ,&nbsp;Chengye Zhang ,&nbsp;Kailu Liu ,&nbsp;Qingyao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dye wastewater and energy shortage are two large inhibition factors, and photocatalytic applications have proven to be an effective strategy to overcome the above crises in various areas such as wastewater remediation and H₂ production. Herein, the TiO₂ NTs/Cu₂O photocatalyst was created by depositing Cu₂O onto TiO₂ nanotube arrays (TiO₂ NTs), with the number of successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) deposition cycles playing a significant role in determining the photoelectrochemical performance. The TiO₂ NTs/Cu₂O (9) showed the outstanding visible light photocurrent, pollutant removal and H₂ evolution. TiO₂ NTs/Cu₂O (9) successfully removed MO, RhB, MB and Cr(VI) with the degradation efficiencies of 99.32 %, 69.63 %, 99.27 % and 72.55 %, and it also showed the optimal H₂ evolution rate (49.67 μmol·cm⁻²·h⁻¹). Furthermore, the <em>Z</em>-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was proposed, and the dye decomposition was primarily caused by the presence of <img>O₂ radicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106364"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La-Al modified Fe3O4 adsorbent for adsorption performance and mechanism of low P concentration in water","authors":"Guangming Zhang,&nbsp;Hui He,&nbsp;Shiqi Liu,&nbsp;Zhangping Du,&nbsp;Longyi Lv,&nbsp;Li Sun,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Jinsong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adsorbents of La<img>Al hydroxide (oxygen) species have been widely used for removal of phosphate (P) from water, but fewer studies were conducted on the removal of low P concentration. This study firstly fabricated a new composite material of La<img>Al modified Fe₃O₄ by co-precipitation method applied for removal of low P concentration in water. Results showed that the optimal adsorbent performance was at a La/Al molar ratio of 2:1 and an optimum dosage of 0.1 g/L. P removal was &gt;99 % with a low initial P concentration (2 mg/L), and the residual P was only 0.02 mg/L. La₂-Al@Fe₃O₄ adsorbent was an irregular magnetic particle with a large specific surface area of 101.35 m²/g. Adsorption process primarily involved chemisorption and formation of multiple adsorption layers. The maximum adsorption capacity was 71.75 mg/g when the initial P concentration was 50 mg/L. Meanwhile, it showed good adsorption performance at pH 4.0–9.0, exhibited notable selectivity for P despite competing ions such as Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, and NO₃⁻, and was influenced by coexisting citric acid and humic acid. Also, La₂-Al@Fe₃O₄ showed good reproducibility and maintained 85.6 % of the original adsorption capacity after five adsorption and desorption cycles. Additionally, P concentration could be reduced to below 0.02 mg/L in actual water, and La₂-Al@Fe₃O₄ was friendly to the water environment based on the toxicity analysis of <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>. The adsorption mechanism of P by La₂-Al@Fe₃O₄ mainly involved electrostatic adsorption and ligand exchange. This novel adsorbent shows great potential for application in low P concentration water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106344"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the biosorption performance of silk fibroin fiber for Pb(II) and Cr(VI) removal: Machine learning and DFT analysis","authors":"Muhammad Usman Farooq ,&nbsp;Hammad Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Arshad ,&nbsp;Muhammad Usama ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ilyas Khan ,&nbsp;Sajjad Hussain ,&nbsp;Ali Hamid","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the application of silk fibroin fiber (SFF) as an efficient biosorbent for lead (Pb(II)) and chromium (Cr(VI)) removal from water. <em>Artificial neural network</em> (ANN) and <em>polynomial regression models</em> (PRMs) were employed for prediction and assessment of batch adsorption tests, with their accuracy evaluated using various statistical measures. Under the varying operating conditions, optimized ANN predicted the maximum adsorption capacity (q_max) of ~39.69 μmoles g⁻¹ for Pb(II) at higher pH: 10.59. In contrast, Cr(VI) exhibited a higher q_max (140.38 μmoles g⁻¹) at elevated substrate concentrations and extended contact times. <em>Statistical analysis</em> revealed that higher-order PRMs achieved improved accuracy, with the mean squared error (MSE) decreasing to 92.05 %. While PRMs demonstrated competitive accuracy at higher error thresholds. Contact time emerged as the most crucial factor for Pb(II) adsorption (contributing 45.7 %), followed by temperature and pH. Cr(VI) adsorption exhibited a comparable trend. <em>Breakthrough</em> curves revealed an inverse relationship between influent concentration and breakthrough time. Higher influent concentrations led to faster saturation of adsorption sites, resulting in quicker breakthrough times for all models. Similarly, higher flow rates resulted in faster breakthrough due to the same effect<em>. Density functional theory</em> calculations suggested SFF's strong affinity for Cr(VI) compared to Pb(II) which involves a combination of Van der Waals and coordinate covalent bonds type mechanism, with preferential adsorption through carbonyl and amine groups. Notably, the metal uptake capacity remained consistent after regeneration with EDTA, signifying the successful reusability of the SFF bed, demonstrating SFF's potential as a robust reusable biosorbent for decontamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106312"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot-scale study of turbid particle evolutional/removal characteristics during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration (CSF): Effects of coagulant dosage and secondary dosing after breakage","authors":"Dan Xiao ,&nbsp;Jun Nan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Weipeng He ,&nbsp;Yaqian Fan ,&nbsp;Xianzeng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the limitations of treated water turbidity, a thorough understanding of the changes in turbid particle size distribution during coagulation-sedimentation-filtration (CSF) is crucial for enhancing the removal efficiency of particulate and dissolved contaminants from raw water. In this study, a pilot-scale experimental system was utilized to track the evolution of turbid particles and assess how the characteristics of these turbid particles affected the quality of treated water in the CSF processes under varying cases of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) coagulant dosage and secondary coagulant dosage after breakage. It was found that differently from the role of PAC coagulant dosage (without high-shear breakage), different levels of secondary coagulant dosing after breakage had minimal influence on the aggregate structure produced by mechanical stirring flocculation. During the overall CSF processes, the changing trend in the total particle number for the filtered water appeared to be more consistent with the corresponding changing trend for the settled water, as the PAC coagulant dosage increased. In addition, the combined effects of shear-induced breakage and secondary dosing could not only improve the removal efficiency of organic matter after inclined-tube sedimentation following mechanical stirring flocculation, but also enhance the removal efficiencies of water turbidity and particulate matter through sand filtration. In order to reduce the frequency of backwashing and extend the service life of the filter media, greater emphasis should be placed on detecting and removing the number of smaller-sized particles existing in the sixth unit of the flocculation tank together with the effluent of the sedimentation tank.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"68 ","pages":"Article 106325"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}