Waste-to-resource synthesis of hydroxyapatite from sludge and eggshell for high-capacity copper remediation in wastewater

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108310

Li Jian, Wang Botao, Zhang Tianyou, Liu Tiancheng, Jia Lijuan

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Abstract

Copper-contaminated wastewater poses a serious threat to ecosystems and human health, while traditional treatment methods suffer from high costs and secondary pollution issues. This study proposes a waste resource utilization strategy: utilizing sewage sludge (phosphorus source) from wastewater treatment plants and discarded eggshells (calcium source) to synthesize hydroxyapatite (HAP) via chemical precipitation, which is used for efficient removal of Cu(II) from wastewater. Adsorption experiments showed that at pH 4, 60 °C, and a dosage of 4 g·L⁻¹, HAP could achieve a 99.1 % removal rate of 500 mg· L⁻¹ Cu(II) within 2 min, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 122.5 mg·g⁻¹. Kinetic and thermodynamic analyses confirmed that adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² 0.999) and the Langmuir isotherm model, with chemical adsorption (ion exchange) as the dominant mechanism, accompanied by surface precipitation (formation of compounds such as Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄). XPS analysis indicated that copper is enriched on the HAP surface in the form of Cu(II) after adsorption. Long-term leaching experiments confirmed that the leaching rate of immobilized copper was only 0.8 %, posing a low environmental risk. Additionally, HAP can be regenerated using 0.1 M HNO₃, maintaining 91.1 % of its adsorption capacity after five cycles, and exhibits selective adsorption of Cu(II) in multi-ion coexistence systems. This material provides an efficient and sustainable solution for copper pollution control and waste valorization.

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污泥和蛋壳废渣资源化合成羟基磷灰石用于废水中高容量铜的修复

铜污染废水对生态系统和人类健康构成严重威胁，而传统的处理方法存在成本高、二次污染等问题。本研究提出了一种废弃物资源化利用策略：利用污水处理厂的污泥（磷源）和废弃蛋壳（钙源）通过化学沉淀法合成羟基磷灰石（HAP），用于废水中Cu（II）的高效去除。吸附实验表明，在pH为4、温度为60℃、投加量为4 g·L−1的条件下，HAP对500 mg·L−1 Cu（II）的去除率在2 min内达到99.1%，最大吸附量为122.5 mg·g−1。动力学和热力学分析证实，吸附遵循拟二级动力学模型（R2 0.999）和Langmuir等温线模型，化学吸附（离子交换）是主要机理，并伴有表面沉淀（形成Cu₅（PO₄）₂（OH）₄等化合物）。XPS分析表明，吸附后的铜以Cu（II）的形式富集在HAP表面。长期浸出试验证实，固定化铜的浸出率仅为0.8%，环境风险较低。此外，HAP可以用0.1 M HNO₃再生，在5次循环后保持91.1%的吸附量，并且在多离子共存体系中表现出对Cu（II）的选择性吸附。该材料为铜污染控制和废物增值提供了一种高效、可持续的解决方案。

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来源期刊

Journal of water process engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

8.60%

发文量

846

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies