Journal of water process engineering最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced antibiotic photodegradation by Bi24O31Cl10/BiPO4 Z-scheme photocatalyst: DFT calculation, photocatalytic mechanism insight and toxicity evolution","authors":"Tianyu Lu ,&nbsp;Zheyi Meng ,&nbsp;Liping Zhu ,&nbsp;Weilong Cai ,&nbsp;Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered bismuth-rich oxyhalides exhibit broad light absorption and high electron-hole separation efficiency. However, their photocatalytic performance remains limited by high recombination rates, resulting in low quantum efficiency. These challenges in interfacial charge separation can be effectively addressed through the strategic design of heterojunctions and the introduction of surface defects. In this study, a novel <em>Z</em>-scheme Bi₂₄O₃₁Cl₁₀/BiPO₄ (Bi₂₄<img>P) photocatalyst was synthesized using a straightforward stirring method, incorporating PO₄³⁻ to enhance photocatalytic degradation efficiency. The effects of various preparation conditions and application scenarios on the photocatalytic activity of Bi₂₄<img>P were systematically investigated. Under visible light irradiation, the optimized Bi₂₄<img>P photocatalyst (0.1 g/L dosage) achieved an 82.30 % degradation rate for 50 mL of 20 mg/L tetracycline (TC) within 2 h, with a pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant twice that of Bi₂₄ alone. The Bi₂₄<img>P catalyst also demonstrated exceptional salt tolerance, reusability, versatility, and broad spectral response. Mechanistic studies utilizing photoelectric measurements, density functional theory (DFT) analysis, and scavenger experiments revealed that the enhanced degradation performance is primarily attributed to the synergistic coupling of semiconductor interfaces and oxygen vacancies within the composite catalyst. This structure facilitates the formation of a <em>Z</em>-scheme heterojunction, optimizing internal electron transfer pathways. Additionally, toxicity assessments confirmed a significant reduction in water toxicity after photodegradation. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of Bi_xO_yCl_z-based catalysts to address the challenges of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107771"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome and carotenogenic genes analyse unlocked β-carotene and astaxanthin overproduction in Coelastrella saipanensis mediating dairy and fish wastewaters remediation","authors":"Nayana Karicheri,&nbsp;Arunkumar Kulanthaiyesu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This present study, for the first time, demonstrated a comprehensive evaluation of <em>Coelastrella saipanensis</em> for sustainable and enhanced production of high-value carotenoids—β-carotene and astaxanthin under nutrient-rich dairy and fish wastewater conditions. The novelty of this work lies in integrating pigment profiling, antioxidant and cytotoxic assessments, and transcriptomic analyses to unravel the species' dual potential in both biorefinery applications and wastewater remediation. Pigments were successfully separated by HPTLC, and LC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of β-carotene and astaxanthin in <em>C. saipanensis</em>, with characteristic peaks at <em>m</em>/<em>z</em> 537.5048 and 597.4106, respectively, corresponding to standard references. Notably, carotenoid accumulation increased significantly by 28.81 % and 13.56 % in dairy and fish wastewater, respectively. The pigment extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with inhibition levels reaching 39.27 %, 43.08 %, and 46.85 % at 60 μg for control, β-carotene, and astaxanthin, respectively. Cytotoxicity assays against MCF-7 cells revealed IC₅₀ values of 118.85, 144.70, and 94.38 μg/mL for the control pigment, β-carotene, and astaxanthin, respectively, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A key innovation in this study is the de novo transcriptome analysis of <em>C. saipanensis</em> cultivated in dairy wastewater, which elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced carotenoid biosynthesis. RT-PCR validation revealed the differential upregulation of key genes involved in carotenoid pathways, indicating significant metabolic shifts triggered by waste-derived nutrients. This multi-dimensional approach not only establishes <em>C. saipanensis</em> as a robust platform for carotenoid production but also underscores its applicability in environmental biotechnology for efficient wastewater valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107820"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yolk@Shell nanoreactors with spatial confinement cobalt species activate peroxymonosulfate for efficient degradation of bisphenol S","authors":"Ya Zeng ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Qin ,&nbsp;Sijie Tian ,&nbsp;Caicheng Long ,&nbsp;Taiping Qing ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cobalt-based multiphase catalysts can effectively activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and degrade organic pollutants. However, their practical application faces critical challenges, including insufficient exposure of active sites, slow reaction kinetics, and cobalt ion leaching, which collectively reduce catalytic efficiency and sustainability. Although there have been attempts to improve the catalytic efficiency through structural modifications such as core-shell structure or porous design, these strategies are still difficult to optimize the active site exposure and cobalt ion stability simultaneously. To overcome these limitations, here we propose a novel triple-shell yolk@shell architecture (3YS-Co@NC) constructed via a stepwise strategy involving crystal extension growth, selective etching, and calcination. The optimized nanoreactor degraded 100 % of bisphenol S (BPS) within 12 min with a rate constant (0.342 min⁻¹) 9.5-, 2.34-, and 1.49-fold higher than solid nanoparticles (Co@NC), single-shell (1YS-Co@NC), and double-shell (2YS-Co@NC) counterparts, respectively. Notably, the TOC removal rate of 3YS-Co@NC reached 71 %, surpassing those of 1YS-Co@NC (53 %), 2YS-Co@NC (65 %), and Co@NC (21 %). The enhanced performance results from (i) the yolk@shell structure providing nanoreaction cavities and abundant active sites, and (ii) the robust Co⁰/Co²⁺/Co³⁺ redox cycling. Quenching experiments and EPR analysis revealed that SO₄^•- and •OH dominated PMS activation, while O₂^•- played an auxiliary role. In contrast, ¹O₂ exhibited negligible contribution. LC/MS analysis identified key degradation intermediates, and the ECOSAR model predicted reduced biotoxicity of these products. This study not only promotes the development of advanced oxidation processes, but also provides a new insight into the design of cobalt-based catalysts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of half-coated manganese oxide lithium ion-sieve precursor with low manganese dissolution loss for lithium recovery","authors":"Ping Liu,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yan,&nbsp;Zhen Chen,&nbsp;Yuanhang Qin,&nbsp;Li Yang,&nbsp;Jiayu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 64 % of lithium resources exist in liquid form, and adsorption is considered as an effective method for lithium extraction. Among various lithium extraction materials, manganese oxide lithium ion-sieve has shown great promise as adsorbents for recovering lithium from solution. However, reducing manganese dissolution loss of manganese oxide lithium ion-sieve remains to be a huge challenge. In this work, a half-coated Li₄Mn₅O₁₂@Li₂MnO₃ (HC-LMO) precursor was synthesized using solid-phase combustion method. The stability of the HC-LMO adsorbent was improved by adjusting the proportion of acid-resistant shell Li₂MnO₃. The experimental results demonstrate that the manganese dissolution loss in HC-HMO (Lithium ion-sieve obtained by Li⁺-H⁺ exchange of LMO, 0.8 %) was significantly lower compared to that in HMO (Lithium ion-sieve obtained by Li⁺-H⁺ exchange of LMO, 2.1 %) after 5 cycles. Additionally, the adsorption capacity of HC-HMO for Li⁺ ions decreased by 3.9 %, whereas that of HMO without an acid-resistant shell decreased by 12.5 %. The Li₂MnO₃ contributing to the enhanced stability of HC-LMO during acid treatment. The HC-LMO exhibits a simple synthesis method and excellent cycling stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107785"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of different types of surfactants on the electrochemical degradation of PET microplastics","authors":"Ran Chen,&nbsp;Yining Deng,&nbsp;Jinyan Wang,&nbsp;Yuchun Cui,&nbsp;Yuzeng Zhao,&nbsp;Honghua Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP) have demonstrated effective performance in removing microplastics (MPs) from water. Surfactant molecules are widely present as pollutants in water containing microplastics, alter the hydrophobicity of microplastic surfaces, facilitating the dispersion of plastic particles and forming stable suspensions. This study investigates without adding additional catalysts, the electrochemical degradation efficiency of PET MPs in the presence of different surfactants. Both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, enhance the electrochemical degradation efficiency of PET MPs, with the weight loss of PET MPs reaching 68 % and 58 %, respectively, after 6 h of electrolysis. The primary reactive species identified were ·OH and SO₄·⁻ radicals. Both electrodes contributed to the degradation, with the cathode playing a more significant role in the decomposition of PET MPs into water-soluble organic compounds, while the anode effectively removed these compounds from the solution. A quantitative analysis of the ability of the cathode and anode to generate H₂O₂, with and without surfactants, revealed that the addition of SDS and CTAB enhanced the redox reactions at the electrodes, increasing the yield of reactive species and improving the contact between PET MPs and these species, thereby further promoting the electrochemical degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107779"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of magnetic graphene in the field of wastewater treatment: A review","authors":"Yi Wei ,&nbsp;Gaigai Duan ,&nbsp;Yong Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuai Han ,&nbsp;Chunmei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuijian He ,&nbsp;Hongliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunxin Ma ,&nbsp;Shaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water shortage and pollution are the main problems facing the world. Adsorption is a promising wastewater treatment technology. Graphene is a good adsorbent. However, graphene is difficult to separate from water, which limits its application. Magnetic graphene not only has excellent adsorption capacity, but also can be quickly separated from aqueous solution by increasing the external magnetic field, which solves the limitations of traditional adsorbents. In addition, the selectivity and efficiency of MGO for specific pollutants were enhanced by the functionalization of materials such as chitosan, cyclodextrin and EDTA. For example, the removal rates of Pb (II), Hg (II) and Cu (II) by EDTA-functionalized MGO were 96.2 %, 95.1 % and 96.5 %, respectively. This review breaks through the limitations of single pollutant research and scientifically divides the pollutant system into three categories: ions (heavy metal ions, radioactive metal ions, and arsenic), organic pollutants (dyes, antibiotics, and aromatic compounds), and agricultural pollutants (herbicides, pesticides). The antibacterial properties of magnetic graphene were systematically described for the first time, revealing its ability to remove pathogenic microorganisms such as <em>Escherichia coli</em> (sterilization rate up to 95 %). In summary, MGO has broad prospects in the field of wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107766"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid synthesis of Co-loaded biochar by flash Joule heating for efficient degradation of metronidazole via peroxymonosulfate activation","authors":"Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiuxiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongru Jiang ,&nbsp;Jianchao Wang ,&nbsp;Yingshuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chongqing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of metal catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for degrading organic contaminants is an effective strategy for addressing organic wastewater challenges. Flash Joule heating (FJH) is a novel thermochemical technology for the rapid synthesis of functionalized materials. FJH technology can rapidly raise temperatures above 2000 °C in a short period of time, which partially mitigates the energy inefficiency and long cycle times of conventional thermochemical technologies. Co-loaded flash biochar (FJH-Co/BC) was prepared by the impregnation-FJH method. FJH-Co/BC showed good pore structure and large surface area, and loaded cobalt species. FJH-Co/BC effectively activated PMS for the degradation of metronidazole (MNZ). Under the conditions of catalyst 40 mg/L, PMS 1 mM, and temperature 25 °C, 100 % removal of MNZ was obtained within 60 min. The reaction system showed good performance for MNZ degradation over a wide pH range (3−11). The catalytic system degraded MNZ by both radical pathways (SO₄^•– and ·OH) and non-radical pathways (¹O₂ and electron transfer), and the non-radical pathway played a major role. The loaded Co species in FJH-Co/BC were the main contributor to the generation of reactive oxygen species from PMS activation, and flash biochar played the role of Co support and facilitator of electron transfer. The degradation pathway of MNZ in the catalytic system was revealed, and the toxicity assessment confirmed the low ecotoxicity of the degradation intermediates. This work provides a novel strategy for the efficient synthesis of metal-loaded catalysts for the catalytic degradation of organic contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A review of PFAS remediation: Separation and degradation technologies for water and wastewater treatment”","authors":"Silmara Sanzana ,&nbsp;Angelo Fenti ,&nbsp;Pasquale Iovino ,&nbsp;Antonio Panico","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Per</em>- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) known for their persistence and accumulation in the environment, are particularly concerning. PFAS are synthetic compounds characterized by fully fluorinated carbon chains, making them resistant to conventional water treatment methods, and causing contamination in different environmental matrices. Various technologies, including adsorption, membrane filtration, electrochemical oxidation, and biological degradation, demonstrate significant potential but face unique key gaps and challenges. Adsorption struggles with short-chain PFAS and material regeneration, Granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange resins (IER) show promising results through adsorption, but further optimization is needed. Membrane technologies like nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) offer robust solutions, although energy consumption and fouling issues need resolution. Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is promising but is limited by high costs, scalability, and electrode degradation. Biological degradation is eco-friendly but time-consuming and requires specialized microbial strains. Future research should prioritize improving the efficiency, scalability, and sustainability of PFAS removal technologies, with a focusing on overcoming current limitations. Conducting detailed cost analyses is crucial to evaluate the feasibility of full-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107793"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-inspired polycaprolactone-mugwort adsorption membrane for Cu(II) removal from wastewater","authors":"Han Bi Lee ,&nbsp;Ah-Jeong Choi ,&nbsp;Heejin Kim ,&nbsp;Ju Yeon Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Kwan Kim ,&nbsp;Min Wook Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, wastewater discharge has been increasing due to the increase in semiconductor production, and heavy metals in semiconductor wastewater can cause life-threatening effects on the brain, liver, and kidneys. In this study, we developed an eco-friendly polycaprolactone-mugwort (PCL-mugwort) adsorption membrane through electrospinning to remove various heavy metal ions contained in semiconductor wastewater. PCL is a representative biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, and mugwort is a natural material and rich in minerals, calcium, iron, and etc. The removal performance of the PCL-mugwort adsorption membranes for heavy metal ions was evaluated under static conditions with stirring and dynamic conditions with filtration. With 100 μM aqueous solution (5 mL) of copper ions, the 36 cm² the PCL-mugwort adsorption membrane, with a mugwort content in the membrane: 0.13 mg/cm², shows a high removal efficiency of 71.7 % within 6 h under a static condition and 65.4 % under a dynamic condition with a flow rate of 10 mL/h. The removal mechanism was analyzed using two- and three-parameter isotherms, indicating that the adsorption followed a multilayer process on a heterogeneous surface with adsorption sites having different energies. In addition, the PCL-mugwort adsorption membrane was scrolled to mimic the internal structure of a non-powered artificial tree with a capillary force to pump wastewater for simultaneous removal of heavy metal ions and evaporation of clean water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107767"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotics inhibit nitrogen removal and promote greenhouse gas emissions in high-density earthworm-enhanced constructed wetlands","authors":"Guangqian Kuang ,&nbsp;Huijuan Cao ,&nbsp;Xiangyong Zheng ,&nbsp;Yishi Lin ,&nbsp;Xingmin Jin ,&nbsp;Min Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotics in wastewater present significant ecological risks. However, their effects on nitrogen (N) removal and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in constructed wetlands (CWs) have been largely neglected in previous studies. This study investigated the effects of antibiotics on N removal and GHG emissions in earthworm-enhanced CWs constructed with three earthworm densities (0 g m^-2, 156 g m^-2, and 312 g m^-2). The results showed that (1) antibiotics significantly increased effluent total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) concentrations by 49.17 % in systems with the high-density earthworm, whereas no significant effects were observed in the other treatments; (2) in systems without earthworms, antibiotics significantly reduced N₂O emissions by 139 %. In systems with low-density earthworms, CH₄ and CO₂ emissions were significantly reduced by 366 % and 70.3 %, respectively. In contrast, in high-density earthworm systems, N₂O emissions significantly increased by 289 %; (3) antibiotics led to a significant reduction in non-CO₂ global warming potential (GWP_non-CO₂, -143 %) in the systems without earthworms and a reduction in total global warming potential (GWP_{CH₄+N₂O+CO₂}, -57.3 %) in the systems with low-density earthworms. However, both indices significantly increased by 289 % and 51.2 % in systems with high-density earthworms; (4) antibiotics altered the microbial community composition and significantly increased nitrite reductase activity in the systems with low-density earthworms (+24.5 %) but significantly decreased it in systems with high-density earthworms (-33.0 %). In summary, antibiotic contamination markedly influenced both N removal performance and GHG emissions in earthworm-enhanced CWs, with effects varying depending on earthworm density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"74 ","pages":"Article 107815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}