Journal of water process engineering最新文献

{"title":"Performances of bio-Fenton SBRs under different hydraulic retention times and magnetite dosages","authors":"Tong Shen ,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Inagaki ,&nbsp;Masahito Komori ,&nbsp;Yutaka Sakakibara","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In our previous study, a bio-Fenton sequencing batch reactor (SBR) demonstrated enhanced removal of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) through bio-Fenton reactions facilitated by microbially produced H₂O₂ and magnetite redox cycling. This study examined the performances and dominant microbial species in bio-Fenton SBRs with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 12 to 0.5 days and magnetite dosages of 0, 1, and 3 g/L. Results show that the bio-Fenton SBR with 1 g/L magnetite (SBR1) enhanced COD and SMX removal, as well as nitrification and denitrification rates, at HRTs of 1–2 days. SMX removal reached 100 % in SBR1, which was 40–50 % higher than in SBRs with 0 or 3 g/L magnetite. Enhanced SMX removal was attributed to the increased microbial H₂O₂ production observed in sludge flocs and the subsequent ·OHs generation during aerobic periods. Magnetite as the heterogeneous catalyst for bio-Fenton reaction was reduced and oxidized through the identified iron-reducing bacteria (<em>Dechloromonas</em>) and bio-Fenton reaction, respectively. Increased nitrification and denitrification rates were attributed to the enrichment of nitrifiers (<em>Nitrosomonas</em> and <em>Nitrospira</em>) and denitrifying bacteria (<em>Thiobacillus</em>), respectively, with shorter HRT. Further kinetic studies are required for precisely evaluating and optimizing the performance of a bio-Fenton SBR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of machine learning pretreatment models for O3-BAC process in drinking water treatment plant","authors":"Shunjun Ma ,&nbsp;Xunjie Cai ,&nbsp;Mei Li ,&nbsp;Huajun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Chao Yin ,&nbsp;Yulin Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Machine learning methods have been increasingly integrated into intelligent control systems for water treatment plants. However, their practical implementation faces challenges such as insufficient online data accuracy, difficulties in real-time monitoring of critical parameters, historical issues of overdosing in chemical dosing systems, and the need for model optimization under fluctuating water quality conditions. To address these challenges, this study developed a comprehensive technical framework integrating full-spectrum online analyzers and pretreatment systems, including ceramic membrane filtration and ultrasonic cleaning. Leveraging eight months of large-scale online orthogonal experimental data, the framework encompasses three core components: robust data acquisition, construction of a predictive model library, and optimized chemical dosing strategies. The results demonstrated that the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm effectively captured temporal dynamics in time-series data, exhibiting superior stability during practical operation. Post-retraining, the updated LSTM achieved remarkable error reductions of 67 % in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and 63 % in Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) compared to the pre-update baseline. Following model optimization, the proposed framework achieved a 15 % reduction in pretreatment chemical dosing costs at the drinking water treatment plant. The main contributions of this study include the development of a rapid and interference-resistant online pretreatment system, an adaptive dosing model based on orthogonal experimental design, and a dynamic control strategy that combines classification modeling with optimization algorithms to enhance dosing accuracy and reduce operational costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107888"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic integration of dual Z-scheme Gd2Sn2O7/Ag3PO4/SnS2 heterojunction for accelerated visible-light photodegradation of sulfasalazine: Insights into DFT, toxicity, and antibacterial study","authors":"Akash Ashokrao Jagtap ,&nbsp;Sanjay Ballur Prasanna ,&nbsp;Susaritha Ramanathan ,&nbsp;Sandeep Shadakshari ,&nbsp;Kumara Swamy Ningappa ,&nbsp;Yu-Chien Lin ,&nbsp;Xinke Liu ,&nbsp;Ching-Wei Tung ,&nbsp;Ren-Jei Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistence of pharmaceutical contaminants sulfasalazine (SSZ) in aquatic environments poses significant ecological risks, necessitating efficient removal strategies. This study integrated novel double-<em>Z</em>-scheme photocatalysts (Gd₂Sn₂O₇/Ag₃PO₄/SnS₂) using a hydrothermal method and subsequently ultrasonicated. The prepared photocatalysts were systematically assessed for photocatalytic efficiency, degradation of sulfasalazine (SSZ), and actuation of persulfate (PS) under visible light. The impact of the initial antibiotic concentration, reaction pH, photocatalyst dosage, and PS concentration on the efficiency of photocatalysis was thoroughly examined. The synergistic action of reactive oxygen species (•OH, ¹O₂, SO₄•⁻) was confirmed through radical quenching and EPR analyses. GC–MS analysis and density functional theory (DFT) suggested potential degradation mechanisms and pathways. Additionally, based on projections from the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR), the toxicity of the intermediates was evaluated. The photocatalyst achieved 86.47 % SSZ degradation within 70 min under visible light and persulfate (PS) activation, reducing byproduct toxicity as confirmed by QSAR analysis. The nanocomposite was tested under visible light to determine its bactericidal effectiveness toward the pathogenic bacteria <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. This study highlights a scalable solution for antibiotic removal in wastewater, advancing environmental pollution mitigation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107943"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water quality index and life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment plant: Feasibility of effluent reuse","authors":"Hajar Abyar,&nbsp;Nahid Mahmoodi Mahpash,&nbsp;Hassan Rezaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The overexploitation of water resources in Iran has intensified water scarcity and reduced the availability of clean water. Reusing effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a practical approach to addressing this challenge. Therefore, this study was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility of effluent reuse in municipal WWTPs in northern Iran. The integrated Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) and life cycle assessment were applied to determine the most suitable effluent applications. The influent and effluent characteristics, as well as their environmental impacts at both the midpoint and endpoint levels, were monitored based on 1 m³ wastewater treatment using the ReCiPe method. The results showed that copper (0.641 mg/L) and chromium (0.88 mg/L) concentrations hindered the use of effluent for discharge into surface water as well as agricultural and irrigation applications. CWQI values indicated that the effluent quality was excellent for recreational use (100) and marginal for livestock use (46). The environmental burdens of effluent discharge were primarily related to the marine and freshwater ecotoxicity (0.14–0.15 kg 1,4-dibromobenzene (DB) eq) with the lowest uncertainty (&lt;9 %). This was mostly relevant to the quality of treated wastewater (84 %) and sodium and chemical oxygen demand (COD) contents with 3.5–8 % contributions. In addition, the endpoint approach illustrated that the most environmental impacts were on resources (66.12 %). The total CO₂ release was 1.06 kg CO₂ due to fossil fuel consumption. Overall, this solution-oriented study highlights the utmost significance of environmental indicators in decision-making and supports the adoption of applicable and promising strategies in WWTP management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107949"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid initiation of partial denitrification with different seeding sludge and carriers: Responses of wastewater treatment performance, microbial composition, and functional genes","authors":"Yiyuan Xing ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Ma ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Jianing Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Bai ,&nbsp;Yongzhen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Partial denitrification (PD) can facilitate the widespread application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) by stably providing nitrite. However, research on its seeding sludge mainly focuses on activated sludge from various treatment processes. In this study, activated sludge obtained from three municipal wastewater treatment plants was inoculated into three sequencing batch reactors, which were then fed with nitrate- and acetate-containing wastewater. The nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratios increased to 64.2 %, 73.0 % and 59.5 % in 35 days with the effluent nitrite peaking at 67.5, 76.8 and 62.4 mg N/L, respectively. Carriers were added to three sequencing batch reactors at a filling ratio of 30 % and after two months of idleness, the PD process was recovered in only 6 days with NTR above 57 %. Further 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that the relative abundance of the dominant microbial genus <em>Thauera</em> was closely correlated with the NTR. The metagenomic analysis presented that <em>Thauera</em> carried the majority of denitrifying enzymes of the community, especially <em>nar</em> and <em>nap</em>. This study demonstrates the feasibility of rapidly initiating the PD process by using different activated sludge, which could be favorable for the application of mainstream anammox processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107915"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonaceous glass electrode fabricated with L-cysteine incorporated C@Fe2O3 for the ultra-selective determination of toxic metal ions","authors":"Beriham Basha ,&nbsp;Tahani Rahil Aldhafeeri ,&nbsp;Rabbia Tariq ,&nbsp;Mehwish Akhtar ,&nbsp;Norah Salem Alsaiari ,&nbsp;M.S. Al-Buriahi ,&nbsp;Muhammad Farooq Warsi ,&nbsp;Sonia Zulfiqar","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A highly effective electrochemical sensor for detecting heavy metal ions (Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺) was developed using a L-cysteine-functionalized carbon-doped Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite. The prepared nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized using XRD, UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, and FESEM to evaluate its structural and morphological properties. The UV–Vis spectrum displayed an absorption band around 349 nm, confirming the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles. FESEM images revealed distinct spherical structures with minor aggregations, attributed to magnetic interactions between the carbon-doped iron oxide nanoparticles and L-cysteine molecules. XRD analysis showed well-defined peaks corresponding to the C@Fe₂O₃/L-Cys nanoparticles, indicating high purity and crystallinity of the prepared nanocomposite. The electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrodes were assessed using Cyclic Voltammetry, with potassium ferrocyanide serving as the standard redox probe. Several factors influencing sensitivity were systematically investigated to optimize the performance of the designed sensing element. These included parameters such as pH, deposition time, deposition potential, and the effect of the supporting medium. The proposed method enabled sensitive and reliable detection of hazardous metal ions, achieving remarkably low detection limits of 0.072 nM for Cd²⁺ and 0.065 nM for Pb²⁺. The exceptional sensitivity and selectivity for Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ detection can be attributed to the strong binding affinity of the C@Fe₂O₃/L-Cys nanocomposite with these target metal ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107897"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquitous photoaging of microplastics: Potential challenges to air flotation","authors":"Zhengkai Wang ,&nbsp;Liuyuan Xue ,&nbsp;Yanting Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinhui Xu ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Lupeng Huang ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Guojiang Xia ,&nbsp;Xiancheng Ren ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of photoaging on microplastic removal by air flotation and its potential mechanisms are unclear and deserve further investigation. Five common microplastics in nature (PP, PE, PET, PVC, and PS) were subjected to simulated photoaging, and the experimental data revealed that the air flotation efficiency of microplastics gradually decreased with the increase of the degree of light aging. Although photoaging has adverse effects, the densities of PP and PE are lower than water. Their air flotation efficiencies decreased only marginally by 2.3 % and 5.3 % respectively compared to their non-photoaged counterparts. In contrast, the air flotation removal rates of PS, PVC, and PET decreased to 25.7 %, 13.7 %, and 7.3 %, respectively, after 72 h of light exposure. Mechanistic analysis via SEM, FTIR, zeta potential, and contact angle measurements revealed increased fragmentation and disintegration of the five microplastics with increased photoaging severity, alongside significant physicochemical changes: reduced zeta potential, enhanced electronegativity, increased oxygen-containing functional groups, and lowered surface contact angle. Overall, the surface hydrophilicity of the five microplastics increased significantly, which led to the deterioration of the flotation performance of microplastics and the reduction of air flotation removal rate. The effects of ultraviolet light on the aging of the five microplastics were in the following order: PE &lt; PP &lt; PS &lt; PET &lt; PVC. This study reveals the adverse effects of light aging in nature on the removal of microplastics by air flotation, and provides theoretical guidance for the evaluation and optimisation of microplastic air flotation removal processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107953"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering chlorine decay influenced by corrosion scale and biofilm from pipe walls in water distribution system: A variable rate exponential model","authors":"Zhaopeng Li,&nbsp;Wencheng Ma,&nbsp;Yulin Gan,&nbsp;Dan Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chlorine decay in the bulk water of water distribution systems has been thoroughly described, while the description of wall decay often presents challenges. An important challenge lies in the difficulty of isolating the influence of pipe wall components from the system. Herein, we focused on local key factors corrosion scales and biofilms at the wall, establishing a mathematical description to elucidate their role in the chlorine decay process. This study developed a variable rate exponential (VRE) model with minimal parameters to predict chlorine decay kinetics. The model has a variable reaction rate coefficient that decreases as the reaction progresses. The study evaluated and validated the model's performance in fitting chlorine decay influenced by corrosion scales and biofilms, demonstrating superiority compared to traditional first-order models. The VRE model accurately fits the chlorine decay process under varying initial chlorine concentrations, temperatures, corrosion scale concentrations, and biofilm biomass (R² = 0.95–1.00). The temperature dependence of chlorine decay influenced by corrosion scales was explained using the Arrhenius formula. Furthermore, a linear positive correlation was found between corrosion scale concentration/biofilm biomass and the initial reaction rate coefficient. The parameter results of the VRE model confirmed its suitability for different initial chlorine concentrations without requiring any further parameter calibration. This study offers novel modeling perspectives for analyzing chlorine decay in water distribution systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing surface water quality prediction in data-scarce sites using transfer learning and neural networks","authors":"Zhenliang Liao ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenchong Tian ,&nbsp;Wanying Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface water quality prediction is essential for effective water treatment, pollution control, and regulatory compliance. However, neural network (NN)-based predictions are significantly constrained by the limited availability of high-quality training data at newly established or data-scarce monitoring stations. This study innovatively addresses this challenge by employing Transfer Learning (TL) to leverage existing knowledge from data-rich monitoring sites, aiming to improve predictive performance under conditions of data scarcity. To systematically enhance TL effectiveness, we developed and comprehensively evaluated six novel Similarity Measurement Indexes (SMIs) designed explicitly for optimal source domain selection. A case study involving five monitoring stations in Southern China demonstrated that the proposed TL methodology significantly improved prediction accuracy, achieving a substantial reduction of up to 79.9 % in RMSE compared with models trained solely on limited local data. Among the newly introduced SMIs, the <em>P-RMSER</em> and <em>Distance</em> indexes emerged as highly effective tools for identifying the most suitable source domains. Furthermore, we found that the selection of TL hyperparameters—particularly the number of frozen layers and fine-tuning learning rate—was critical in further optimizing predictive performance. These findings offer innovative practical guidelines and methodological advancements for achieving robust water quality forecasting in data-scarce environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107923"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent research progress of photoelectrocatalysis technology in the removal of organic pollutants from water","authors":"Yucan Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Xu ,&nbsp;Xiuping Sun ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Jinming Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic pollutants, particularly persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and emerging contaminants, pose substantial risks to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Conventional water treatment methods, such as coagulation–sedimentation, filtration, and biological processes, often lack the adequate efficiency and selectivity to address these recalcitrant compounds. Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), which combines electrochemical and photochemical processes, has emerged as a highly effective technology for the oxidation degradation and mineralization of these recalcitrant pollutants, offering potentially a sustainable alternative for water and wastewater treatment. Recent advancements in PEC research have focused on developing novel electrode materials (e.g., Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for photoanodes) and the innovation of reactor configurations, primarily through laboratory studies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of PEC technology advancements, including its fundamental principles, representative photoelectrodes, and critical operational parameters that influence or govern performance. Most likely, integration of PEC with conventional treatment methods could enhance pollutant removal efficiency and environmental compatibility, broadening its practical applicability. Moreover, coupling of PEC with other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) may present a transformative strategy for treating complex organic wastewater. Future research should emphasize incorporating renewable energy sources, such as solar–powered PEC systems and the applying artificial intelligence for process optimization and efficiency enhancement. PEC technology demonstrates both high treatment efficiency and environmental sustainability, with potentially practical applicability. Future study should focus on scaling up to industrial applications while further exploring technical advancements. This innovative approach could advance water treatment methodologies and contribute substantially to environmental preservation and sustainable resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107911"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}