Journal of water process engineering最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing solar still productivity through glass cover geometry and internal baffle design: A numerical approach","authors":"Z. Esmaeili ,&nbsp;M. Sheikholeslami","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water shortage is becoming a critical worldwide issue, particularly in dry and coastal regions with limited or unstable freshwater supplies. This challenge highlights the need for sustainable desalination methods, like solar stills, to supply clean water in areas with limited resources. Nonetheless, typical solar stills struggle with low natural convection caused by unsuitable glass-cover designs and ineffective flow organization inside the unit. Addressing these limitations requires new design strategies integrating geometry optimization with internal flow-control elements. This study presents a comprehensive numerical analysis to boost the freshwater yield of a single-basin solar still through optimization of glass cover geometries and internal flow dynamics. Four distinct glass covers including conical (Case 1), hemispherical (Case 2), trapezoidal with peripheral condensate collection (Case 3), and trapezoidal with central collection (Case 4) were evaluated to assess their influence on natural convection, heat transfer rates, and distillate output. Next, the integration of internal baffle was investigated, followed by sensitivity analysis of baffle radius within the best-performing configuration. Results show that conical and hemispherical shapes significantly outperform trapezoidal designs, with the conical cover achieving the highest freshwater productivity, 8.44% higher than the trapezoidal peripheral design (Case 3). For baffle radius, a non-linear trend emerges: increasing radius initially reduces output, reaching a minimum at <span><math><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>baffle</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo></math></span>0.6, then improving productivity by 21.1% when increased to <span><math><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>baffle</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo></math></span>0.8. Upgrading from the poorest trapezoidal design (Case 3) to the optimized conical design with a <span><math><msub><mi>r</mi><mi>baffle</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>=</mo></math></span>0.8 baffle yields a 30.6% rise in freshwater output and a 37.8% increase in the Nusselt number. The economic assessment further shows that the optimized configuration shortens the payback period from 4.7 to 3.6 years and raises long-term cumulative profit by nearly 40%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109541"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced sulfate radical generation through sono-activated Ag-Imd/g-C3N4 catalyst for antibiotic degradation","authors":"Mohamed Abu Shuheil ,&nbsp;Ahmed Aldulaimi ,&nbsp;Subhashree Ray ,&nbsp;Talal Aziz Qassem ,&nbsp;Gunjan Garg ,&nbsp;Renu Sharma ,&nbsp;Bekzod Madaminov ,&nbsp;Sabokhat Sadikova","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sono-assisted persulfate activation system was developed using a silver-imidazole/graphitic carbon nitride (Ag-Imd/g-C₃N₄) composite for efficient degradation of tylosin (TYL) antibiotic in aqueous solution. The Ag-Imd complex was synthesized through a coordination reaction between silver nitrate and 2-methylimidazole, followed by integration with g-C₃N₄ to form heterostructured composites. Characterization analyses confirmed the successful coupling between Ag-Imd and g-C₃N₄, resulting in increased surface area, enhanced interfacial charge transfer, and a narrowed band gap (1.95 eV) favorable for sono-excitation. The sono-assisted Ag-Imd/g-C₃N₄(0.03)/peroxydisulfate process achieved superior TYL removal compared to single or binary processes due to the synergistic effects of ultrasonic cavitation, catalytic activation, and sulfate radical generation. The influence of operational parameters including pH, catalyst loading, peroxydisulfate dosage, and initial TYL concentration was systematically examined. Optimum degradation (≈ 93.4%) was obtained at pH 8.5, catalyst dosage of 0.6 g L⁻¹, initial TYL concentration of 15 mg L⁻¹, and PDS concentration of 6 mmol L⁻¹. Mechanistic investigations supported that both g-C₃N₄ and Ag-Imd act as n-type semiconductors forming an S-scheme heterojunction, facilitating charge separation and effective formation of SO₄•⁻ and •OH radicals under ultrasonic irradiation. This study highlights the potential of coordination-modified carbon nitride composites for energy-efficient degradation of antibiotic contaminants in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109578"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential mechanisms of phosphorus removal in bioelectrochemical systems: The synergy between electrochemical precipitation and the effects of microorganisms","authors":"Xinhui Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaowen Li ,&nbsp;Ping Lyu ,&nbsp;Yuchen Liu ,&nbsp;Xianqiao Tao ,&nbsp;Yanhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A bioelectrolytic cell system in which magnesium-modified biochar (MgBC) is used as a 3D filler was established in response to the suboptimal efficiency of a single process in treating phosphorus-containing wastewater. This study demonstrated that the application of a microcurrent could substantially increase the phosphorus removal performance of the system. A maximum total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency of 99.96% was achieved under a current of 25 mA and an initial phosphorus concentration of 50 mg/L, which was approximately 2.35 times higher than the maximum removal rate (42.49%) observed in the unenergized state. A combination of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization and functional gene analysis, was employed. The results revealed that localized phosphorus concentration increase, owing to the upregulation of <em>phoA</em> and <em>phoD</em> genes under electric field implementation, promotes the formation and precipitation of magnesium phosphate octahydrate, which serves as a phosphorus removal mechanism. The system can be operated at low total phosphorus levels without chemical additives or separation processes, highlighting the potential of integrating MgBC into bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for phosphorus removal and recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109544"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced adsorption performance of dyes and heavy metal ions using zwitterion functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene/polymer material","authors":"Xinyu Jia ,&nbsp;Ruihao Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Xiyan Sun ,&nbsp;Shuxian Li ,&nbsp;Li Wei ,&nbsp;Yu Tian ,&nbsp;Jiangdong Xiang ,&nbsp;Xitong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a multifunctional adsorbent based on zwitterion modified Ti₃C₂T_x MXene (MPI) was synthesized by surface grafting polymerization, followed by modification with polyethylenimine and sodium chloroacetate. This adsorbent exhibited a high density of functional groups, switchable surface charge characteristics and plenty of active sites of iminoacetic acid chelating groups. Subsequently, methylene blue, congo red, Pb(II), and Cr(VI) were selected as model compounds for cationic/anionic dyes and heavy metal ions to estimate the adsorption performance. The material exhibited exceptional adsorption capacities, and the maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 479.8 mg/g for methylene blue, 481.9 mg/g for congo red, 300.6 mg/g for Pb(II) and 265.9 mg/g for Cr(VI), respectively. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 10–120 min and the adsorbent showcased excellent removal efficiency. Moreover, the adsorbent demonstrated excellent reusability，with no significant changes after ten consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles. Mechanism studies revealed that electrostatic attraction and chelation played dominant roles in the adsorption process. These results suggest that MPI possesses advantages of simple preparation, multifunctional integration, high adsorption performance, and good stability, making it a promising universal adsorbent for the removal of both dyes and heavy metal ions from wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 109773"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green and charge-tuned β-cyclodextrin polymers for efficient removal of PFAS and anionic dyes from water","authors":"Samira Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Najafidoust ,&nbsp;Mark Mullett ,&nbsp;Shayan Karimi ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Zargar","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water contamination by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) poses a major environmental challenge due to their persistence. This study evaluates positively charged, green-synthesized β-cyclodextrin polymers (β-CDP⁺) for the removal of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as short- and long-chain PFAS, respectively, from water. Methyl orange (MO) and acid red 1 (AR1), as anionic dyes, were used as proxies to optimize PFAS adsorption conditions. β-CDP⁺ exhibited high removal efficiencies (&gt;90%) for all pollutants within 15–50 mg/L, reaching equilibrium within 30 min. Maximum adsorption capacities (Q_m) were achieved for MO (335 mg/g), AR1 (384 mg/g), PFOA (405 mg/g), and PFBA (378 mg/g). Over 80% PFBA and PFOA removal was maintained in the presence of competing anions, demonstrating the potential of β-CDP⁺ for simultaneous removal of PFAS, NOM, and anionic dyes. The use of MO and AR1 as proxies was validated by high Spearman's ρ values (&gt;0.9), reflecting similar adsorption trends to PFAS. The adsorbent's performance depended on glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) loading and adsorbent dosage, with optimal conditions at a 1:5 β-CD:GTMAC molar ratio, 0.5 g/L, and pH 7. Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm (R² &gt; 0.98) and pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² &gt; 0.9). The polymer retained its adsorption performance over five cycles with minimal loss, demonstrating a sustainable strategy for the removal of emerging pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 109742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decision support system for coagulant dosage using explainable NSGA-II optimized stacking framework","authors":"Wangben Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuling Liu ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Li ,&nbsp;Li Sun ,&nbsp;Ren Shuang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of coagulant dosage is essential for efficient and cost-effective water treatment. To this end, this study proposes a flexible NSGA-II optimized Stacking framework. Using the NSGA-II dual-objective optimization algorithm, the framework selects the optimal base models from a diverse model pool, which simultaneously satisfy requirements of excellent overall performance and low predictive correlation. The final Stacking model integrates MLP, Matern, and RBF Gaussian Process as base models, with Huber regression as the meta-model. The model demonstrates excellent performance, achieving R² 0.997/0.990 on the training/test sets. SHAP Beeswarm analysis reveals that Conductivity, pH, Water Temperature, TDS, and Turbidity STE are the key predictors, collectively accounting for over 84% of the contribution. And consistent feature contribution distribution patterns between training and test sets, confirming model has strong generalization capability. SHAP Dependence analysis, enhanced with LOWESS smoothing and 95% confidence intervals, elucidates critical nonlinear relationships: Within the range of the collected features data, a U-shaped relationship exists between dosage and both Water Temperature and Turbidity STE, while Conductivity, pH, and TDS show positive correlations with dosage, which will offer valuable reference for manual decision-making in scenarios beyond the range of original dataset. Characterized by high precision, robust generalization, and clear interpretability, the proposed Stacking model serves as an effective intelligent tool for coagulant dosage determination in water treatment plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109672"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal microbial succession governs biofouling layer transformation in reverse osmosis for wastewater reclamation","authors":"Yawen Li ,&nbsp;Yifan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jin Liu ,&nbsp;Xingying Shang ,&nbsp;Ming Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reverse osmosis (RO) plays a pivotal role in wastewater reclamation, yet its efficiency is constrained by membrane fouling with strong seasonal dependence. This study utilizes multi-scale characterization techniques (AFM, SEM, FTIR-2DCOS, EEM, and 16S rRNA sequencing) to examine fouling in a full-scale RO system. Summer fouling is lossely structured with an average surface roughness of 1.28 μm, whereas winter fouling is smoother (289 nm) yet denser and more compact. Temperature-driven microbial succession is observed: heterotrophic <em>Pseudomonas</em> dominates in summer (33.37%, genus level), while autotrophic <em>Nitrospira</em> prevailes in winter (17.41%). Winter exhibits higher Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content, which correlates with enhanced aggregation and cohesion of foulants mediated by EPS. Elevated hydrophobic organics in winter (AVO, TPH, LAS) promote adsorption to the membrane and their incorporation into the EPS matrix, enhancing fouling density and resistance to cleaning. The results illuminate how seasonal shifts in microbial ecology and EPS properties, modulated by feedwater chemistry, steer fouling-layer development and performance. These mechanistic insights inform seasonally adaptive foulant-control strategies for full-scale RO operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperparameter optimized feature selected machine-learning models for groundwater quality index – A post-monsoon case study in Jajpur, Odisha, India","authors":"Sushree Sabinaya ,&nbsp;Nageswar Sahu ,&nbsp;Biswanath Mahanty ,&nbsp;Naresh Kumar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Sahoo ,&nbsp;Vivekanand Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater contamination in industrially and agriculturally influenced regions poses serious risks to drinking water security and sustainability, requiring rapid and reliable quality assessment. In this study, Bayesian hyperparameter (HP) optimized artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and simple multiple linear regression (MLR) models were developed for groundwater quality index (WQI) based on a single post-monsoon sampling campaign of groundwater samples (12 hydrochemical parameters) from Jajpur district, Odisha. The fitness of the HP-optimized single hidden layer 6-neuron ANN (R²: 0.999, R²_CV: 0.991) was superior to that of the RF model (R²: 0.945, R²_CV:0.792). Following the assessment of model quality (resilience, validation, and predictor importance), different filter- and wrapper-based feature selection strategies were adopted to enhance model interpretability and robustness. Bayesian HP optimization integrated feature selection for the ANN (R²_CV: 0.981) and the RF model (R²: 0.936, R²_CV: 0.830), respectively, retained eight and five features, respectively. The study provides a transparent, data-efficient ML-based framework for WQI prediction, offering practical value for groundwater monitoring and evidence-based policy interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109602"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of shale gas wastewater using pre-oxidation coupled membrane bioreactor: Organic matter removal and composition characteristics analysis","authors":"Chaoyang Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoying Li ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiazhen Li ,&nbsp;Chunyan Yang ,&nbsp;Aqiang Ding ,&nbsp;Peili Lu ,&nbsp;Baicang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of organic matter from shale gas wastewater (SGW) containing high-salinity complex organics poses a significant challenge in the industry. Pre-oxidation (ozone and ferrate (VI)) coupled with biological treatments has demonstrated great potential in addressing this issue. However, the transformation patterns of organic composition induced by different oxidation technologies remain insufficiently understood. In this work, a long-term pre-oxidation coupled membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was established to treat real SGW. Results showed that during the O₃ + Fe (VI) stage, the coupled system achieved an average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal of 51.41%, higher than Fe (VI) (41.97%), but comparable to O₃ (51.75%), indicating limited synergistic enhancement. Distinct oxidative tendencies were observed among pre-oxidation strategies. O₃ and Fe (VI) reduced the fluorescence intensity of organic matter, and the subsequent MBR further removed these fluorescent components. Although O₃ + Fe (VI) pre-oxidation also decreased fluorescence intensity, no further removal was observed during the MBR process. Non-target screening further confirmed the differences in oxidation behavior: O₃ reduced lipids and organic nitrogen compounds while enriching organoheterocyclic compounds, whereas Fe (VI) showed the opposite trend. But interestingly, the combination offset these individual effects, leading to weaker compositional changes. Microbial analysis revealed dominant genus under each pre-oxidation condition, supporting the operational stability of the coupled system. This study elucidates the composition characteristics of organics under single and combined O₃ and Fe (VI) pre-oxidation coupled with biological treatments, providing new insights for optimizing organic matter removal strategies in SGW management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109638"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple-mode murexide-functionalized UiO-66(Zr) MOF sensor for selective and sensitive Zn(II) detection in tap water and wastewater","authors":"Roaa T. Mogharbel","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2026.109596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A murexide-functionalized UiO-66(Zr) MOF was synthesized through post-synthetic immobilization to facilitate the detection of Zn²⁺ ions in aqueous environments using a triple-mode approach. This sensor exhibits a noticeable color change observable to the naked eye from pink to colorless, a UV–Vis response at a wavelength of 517 nm, and a fluorescence “turn-on” emission at 424 nm λ__ex = 360 nm. Under optimized conditions (pH 7, 0.5 mg sensor per 10 mL solution, and a response duration of 30 s), the limits of detection were established at 0.034 ppm for UV–Vis measurements and 0.007 ppm for fluorescence. The material displayed a significant selectivity for Zn²⁺ over 14 competing ions, maintaining over 85% of its signal after six regeneration cycles and retaining approximately 90% of its response after six months of storage. The sensor's practical applicability was demonstrated in the analysis of tap water and wastewater, yielding recoveries ranging from 98.5% to 101.1%, which correlated well with results obtained from ICP-OES.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 109596"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}