Journal of water process engineering最新文献

{"title":"A comparative study on spinel ferrites-based Fenton-like oxidation systems for efficient treatment of polluted water: Experimental design and modeling","authors":"Masoumeh Golshan ,&nbsp;Babak Kakavandi ,&nbsp;Rasool Pelalak ,&nbsp;Yueping Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The severely limited reaction rate of Fe³⁺ with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, HP) poses a significant challenge in the Fenton reaction. Despite this, the design and construction of the active site are key factors for developing novel strategies in Fenton-like reactions due to the enhanced activation of HP. In this context, understanding the extent of catalytic activity in ferrites-induced Fenton-like degradation has become a critical area of research. Herein, the oxidation process of Reactive Deep Red 150 (RDR150), as a synthetic common textile dye, was investigated using copper ferrite (CuF₂O₄, CuFO) and cobalt ferrite (CoF₂O₄, CoFO) nanoparticles, which were pursued after being synthesized through simple operational methods. The CuFO/HP process realized a higher RDR150 (20 mg/L) removal efficiency (97.5 %) under the optimized conditions: 0.4 g/L of CuFO and 3.14 mM of HP within 35 min, as determined by the central composite design (CCD) modeling approach. In comparison, the pseudo-first-order RDR150 removal rate was calculated as 0.104 min⁻¹, 3.6 times higher than that of CoFO. The highly efficient catalytic reaction activity was attributed to the larger specific surface area, where CuFO nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed, as well as the synergistic effect arising from the cyclic degradation mediated by redox reactions of ≡Cu(I)/≡Cu(II), ≡Cu(II)/≡Cu(III), and ≡Fe(III)/≡Fe(II) as the active sites. Both radical (i.e., ^•OH and O₂^•−) and non-radical (i.e., ¹O₂) pathways contributed to the Fenton-like degradation of RDR150 in both systems; however, only a minor contribution from ^•OH compared to ¹O₂ and O₂^•− was observed in the CuFO/HP system, as evidenced by the tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) scavenging experiment. Moreover, 71.4 % of the RDR150 removal rate was maintained throughout three cycles of CuFO reuse in the catalytic decomposition of HP. The system demonstrated a consistently high removal rate in the presence of several common anions (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻, and HCO₃⁻), except for SO₄²⁻, demonstrating the stability and adaptability of CuFO for potential application in natural environments. These results underscored the performance metrics of CuFO-activated HP and provided insights into the optimal strategy for enhancing catalytic performance, elucidating the underlying behaviors and mechanisms responsible for promoting its efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107873"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realistic and effective degradation of petroleum related contaminants in seawater using ecofriendly NiO and ZnO nanocomposites with ca-MCM-41: Assessment and remediation","authors":"Mashael D. Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Alshaima Sayed ,&nbsp;May N. Bin Jumah ,&nbsp;Nahaa M. Alotaibi ,&nbsp;Hassan A. Rudayni ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Allam ,&nbsp;Mostafa R. Abukhadra","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel eco-friendly synthesis method was successfully developed to prepare calcium-doped mesoporous silica (Ca-MCM-41) from abundant natural limestone, effectively serving as a supporting framework for needle-like NiO and flake-like ZnO nanoparticles. Uniquely, phytochemically rich <em>Origanum majorana</em> (marjoram) extract was employed as a sustainable reducing and stabilizing agent to control nanoparticle growth, shape, and aggregation, providing enhanced stability and uniformity in the final composites (NiO@Ca-MCM and ZnO@Ca-MCM). Comprehensive characterization by different techniques confirmed the successful formation and distinctive morphological features of these nanostructures. Practically tested under realistic environmental conditions, the composites demonstrated remarkable photocatalytic activity, achieving complete mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in heavily contaminated seawater samples from the Gulf of Suez. Quantitatively, ZnO@Ca-MCM exhibited superior performance, achieving 100 % removal of total PAHs within just 40 min at a catalyst loading of 0.8 g/L, while NiO@Ca-MCM achieved full mineralization within 80 min. The reaction was primarily driven by hydroxyl radicals, followed by superoxide radicals, elucidating a clear oxidation pathway. The significant outcomes from this study reveal the catalysts' potential for cost-effective and large-scale application in treating marine oil contamination. Given their high stability and recyclability, these composites offer a practical and scalable approach to addressing environmental pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable removal of boron and nitrate from agricultural irrigation water using natural sorbents: Optimization and mechanistic insights","authors":"Dámaris Núñez-Gómez,&nbsp;Pilar Legua,&nbsp;Vicente Lidón Noguera,&nbsp;Juan José Martínez-Nicolás,&nbsp;Juan Martínez-Tomé,&nbsp;Pablo Melgarejo","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water contamination by boron and nitrates poses a critical challenge for agricultural sustainability, particularly in water-scarce regions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of natural zeolite, pumice, and almond shell as cost-effective sorbents for removing these contaminants from real irrigation water. Natural zeolite removed up to 98 % of boron and over 75 % of nitrate, while pumice and almond shell removed ≥50 % of nitrate. Adsorption occurred via physical or chemisorption mechanisms, depending on the sorbent. These findings highlight the potential of sustainable adsorbents to improve irrigation water quality, offering an eco-friendly alternative for agricultural water management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107906"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV synergistic magnesium oxide desulfurization waste residue for efficient decoloration of swine wastewater biochemical effluent","authors":"Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Lintong He,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Ou,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Dehan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “Pollutant Discharge Standards for Livestock and Poultry Farming” (DB44/613–2024) establishes higher standards for effluent indicators, necessitating deep treatment of swine wastewater to comply with these standards. The prevalent Fenton process, while effective, incurs significant costs and produces substantial sludge volumes. Therefore, an advanced oxidation process utilizing magnesium oxide desulfurization waste residue (MDWR) as a sulfite source was investigated to treat swine wastewater biochemical effluent deeply. The results showed that the decoloration of biochemical effluent by MDWR alone under UV irradiation was low; however, adding Fe(II) significantly enhanced this process. The biochemical effluent's decoloration rate achieved 75.53 % at an initial pH of 5, with 0.6 g/L Fe(II) and 6.0 g/L MDWR. Furthermore, the decoloration efficacy of MDWR was superior to that of Na₂SO₃ and CaSO₃ as sulfite sources. In addition, MDWR can effectively degrade COD, TN, and TP under UV and Fe(II) enhancement so that the effluent can meet the discharge standard. Finally, the quenching experiments, three-dimensional fluorescence, and GC–MS spectra indicated that the decoloration effect of the system primarily resulted from the oxidative degradation of humic acids in biochemical effluent, with SO₄^•− identified as the most dominant radical. This study predominantly provides an innovative and economical method for deeply treating swine wastewater biochemical effluent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenite biosorption from contaminated water using live and dead biomass of marine Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain AsRPSD99: A modeling-based approach","authors":"Ranjan Kumar Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Subhashree Rath ,&nbsp;Manoranjan Nayak ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar Parhi ,&nbsp;Sony Pandey ,&nbsp;Chitta Ranjan Panda ,&nbsp;Hrudayanath Thatoi ,&nbsp;Youngsoo Han ,&nbsp;Younggyun Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lysinibacillus sphaericus</em> strain AsRPSD99 was isolated from sea sediment and found to be high salt-tolerant (up to 11 % NaCl) and multiple metal-resistant. The AsRPSD99 strain exhibited significant resistance to As(III) (1550 mg·L⁻¹) and As(V) (3500 mg·L⁻¹) and was effective for biosorption of arsenite in both living and dead conditions. Statistical and mathematical methods including central composite design-response surface methodology, kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic models have optimized and assessed batch-mode arsenite biosorption mechanisms. As(III) removal varied from 97.6 % to 56.3 % with living biomass and 95.9 % to 54.3 % with dead biomass at the optimal conditions (pH 6.5, temperature 32 °C, NaCl 2 %, agitation 120 rpm) at initial concentrations of 100 to 500 mg·L-1. Maximum As(III) uptake of 281.6 ± 10.4 mg and 271.8 ± 10.3 mg per 1 g of live and dead biomass was achieved at 500 mg·L⁻¹. As(III) biosorption aligns well with Langmuir isotherm (R²: 0.99), pseudo-second-order (R²: 0.96–0.98), and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models (R²: 0.94–0.98), indicating a two-stage monolayer surface chemisorption and intercellular accumulation process. The thermodynamic modeling indicates an endothermic (ΔH^o: +122.02 kJ·mol⁻¹) adsorption mechanism. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analyses, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed arsenite ion adsorption, ion exchange, and micro-precipitation via cell surface functional ligands. Transmission electron microscopy showed arsenite ions in and around living bacteria. These findings may aid large-scale biomass production and application of AsRPSD99 to treat arsenic-polluted water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107905"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal circulation electrolysis for ammonia disinhibition in stabilization of sludge autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion","authors":"Hanlin Liu,&nbsp;Haiping Yuan,&nbsp;Yangyang Liu,&nbsp;Huabo Gong,&nbsp;Nanwen Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia inhibition poses a significant challenge in autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD), limiting the efficiency of sludge stabilization. This study proposed an innovative strategy integrating internal circulation electrolysis with ATAD to alleviate ammonia accumulation and enhance stabilization of sludge. The optimal electrolytic parameters were determined as a voltage of 6.44 V, electrode distance of 0.79 cm, and reaction time of 55.92 min with response surface methodology (RSM), achieving a total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiency of 32.44 % ± 1.31 %. The stabilization time of sludge reduced from 20 days to 8 days when coupling electrolysis with ATAD at a sludge circulation ratio of 7.5: 1 compared with that of conventional ATAD. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the coupling system promoted microbial activity by enriching denitrifying genus (e.g., <em>Luteimonas</em>) and upregulated functional genes associated with nitrogen metabolism (e.g., <em>glnA</em> and <em>gltB</em>), enhancing ammonia assimilation into glutamine pathways. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced from electrolysis facilitated cell lysis and ammonia oxidation, further mitigating inhibition. These findings demonstrate that internal circulation electrolysis could effectively address ammonia inhibition in ATAD process, offering a sustainable solution for rapid sludge stabilization with minimized operational complexity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107907"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CuCo2O4/ZnS S-scheme heterostructure for ultrasound−/photo-assisted degradation of pollutants and their biological toxicity assessment","authors":"Jianbin Song ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Yuhua Ma ,&nbsp;Kezhen Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a series of CuCo₂O₄/ZnS composite photocatalysts with varying amounts of loading CuCo₂O₄ were synthesized via a simple solvent thermal evaporation method. The incorporation of CuCo₂O₄ significantly enhanced the light responsiveness of ZnS, suppressed exciton recombination, and accelerated charge transfer. Under the light irradiation for 2 h, the 20 wt% CuCo₂O₄/ZnS achieved a 72.4 % degradation efficiency for a 40 mg/L TC solution, which was 1.95 times higher than that of ZnS. And ZnS had no sonocatalytic activity, while in the presence of 50 μL H₂O₂, all CuCo₂O₄/ZnS composites show enhanced sonocatalytic activity, with the best activity of 20 wt% CuCo₂O₄/ZnS, and the sonocatalytic removal rate of 100 mL 40 mg/L of TC in 20 min is 65.1 %. Additionally, the degradation pathways and possible intermediates of TC during photocatalytic oxidation were analyzed using HPLC-MS. Ecotoxicological assessments via ECOSAR modeling revealed that intermediates P5, P11, and P13 exhibited lower chronic toxicity to fish, daphnia, and green algae compared to the original TC, with P13 showing the least toxicity. The S-scheme heterojunction was elucidated through active radical trapping experiments, Tauc plot analysis, and Mott-Schottky measurements. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the ultrasonic/Fenton-like degradation of TC and the photocatalytic mechanism of CuCo₂O₄/ZnS, offering valuable insights into ZnS modification and its potential for sonocatalytic environmental remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107929"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of technologies and mechanisms for the removal and recovery of manganese from mining and metallurgical wastewater","authors":"Huanjun Bao ,&nbsp;Xiangsong Meng ,&nbsp;Meirong Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manganese is abundant in the Earth's crust as a mineral and commonly enters mining and metallurgical wastewater (MMW) through extraction and smelting activities. However, comprehensive reviews on manganese removal technologies for MMW remain limited. This paper begins by introducing the basic properties and hazards of manganese and then details the formation processes, characteristics, and hazards of two representative types of manganese-containing MMW, namely, acid mine drainage (AMD) and electrolytic metal manganese residue leachate (EMMRL). This study then categorizes the current manganese removal technologies into chemical, physicochemical, and biological methods, and special attention is given to the widely used techniques, such as chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, adsorption, and emerging electrochemical methods, along with their typical cases, removal mechanisms, and advantages and disadvantages. The key factors that influence the effectiveness of these technologies are also summarized. Resource recovery from manganese-containing wastewater is currently achieved through carbonate precipitation, phosphate precipitation, and electrochemical methods. This paper also discusses some prospects for the future removal and recovery of manganese from MMW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107894"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgae biotechnology applied to wastewater treatment and biopolymer production: A sustainable alternative for resource recovery","authors":"Paula Assemany ,&nbsp;Isabelly L. de Souza ,&nbsp;Joaquina da Márcia J. Muchico ,&nbsp;Kaique M.F.C. Scalco ,&nbsp;Marcos Vinícius M. Balbino ,&nbsp;Victor Santurbano ,&nbsp;Lívia C. da Paz Nascimento ,&nbsp;Otávio N. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Luciene A.B. Siniscalchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultivating microalgae in wastewater offers the dual benefit of efficiently removing pollutants while generating biomass suitable for high-value bioplastics, thus supporting the principles of a circular bioeconomy. Despite this potential, integrating microalgae cultivation for biopolymer obtention into wastewater treatment remains unresolved. Unlike existing reviews, this manuscript primarily aims to explore effective large-scale strategies for accumulating valuable compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, and polyhydroxyalkanoates from biomass within a wastewater treatment plant context. It addresses the main routes for obtaining biopolymers through the valorization of microalgae biomass, emphasizing a comprehensive approach that blends biomass with other plastic sources, employs two-stage anaerobic digestion, and recovers organic acids for polyhydroxyalkanoate production alongside operational strategies to enhance biomass quality. High-rate algal ponds arranged in series and a two-stage cultivation process are proposed as promising operational strategies to increase the value of biomass for biopolymer production. Key challenges include scalable production processes and improved economic viability to encourage wider industry adoption. The manuscript also offers insights for enhancing the sustainability performance of bioplastics, emphasizing the need to tackle the social and environmental impacts, the last derived from low biodegradability and toxicity due to additives and solvents. Regulatory and public policies, along with transforming wastewater treatment plants into wastewater biorefineries, are also crucial factors in making the technology more commercially feasible. By consolidating current research, this review aims to promote sustainable strategies through microalgal applications that optimize environmental and economic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107900"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmaceutical and personal care product residues in indian sewage: A review on its detection, monitoring and treatment strategies","authors":"S. Bivin Ebenezer ,&nbsp;R. Gandhimathi ,&nbsp;P.V. Nidheesh","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are diverse groups of compounds, such as antibiotics, antimicrobials, and synthetic musk. They have raised significant concerns due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and potential for endocrine disruption. In densely populated nations like India, the release of both treated and untreated effluents, combined with the reuse of treated water from sewage treatment plants (STPs), represents a major source of PPCPs entering the environment. This review summarises the current findings from studies monitoring PPCPs in Indian STPs and categorizes their types, their effects, sources, detection methods, existing regulatory framework, and possible treatment technologies that can be employed for the treatment of these types of recalcitrant pollutants. This detailed review further highlights the urgent need for targeted research on the environmental behavior and transformation products of PPCPs, the emergence and spread of AMR, the development of robust regulatory frameworks and standards, and the advancement of control technologies to effectively mitigate the risks posed by these contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"75 ","pages":"Article 107883"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}