Journal of water process engineering最新文献

{"title":"Insights on the degradation mechanism of COVID-19 antiviral drug chloroquine phosphate using UV/chloramine: Kinetic, mechanistic and toxicity evaluation","authors":"Guilin He ,&nbsp;Zeting Chen ,&nbsp;Tuqiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingyue Jiang ,&nbsp;Yonglei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic led to a widespread use of chloroquine phosphate (CQP), resulting in its elevated levels in the aquatic environment. UV/Chloramine has been verified as an effective treatment for the removal of emerging contaminants in drinking water and wastewater. However, there are few investigations into the roles of reactive species and the impacts of complex background matrices on the degradation of CQP through the UV/chloramine system. The degradation efficiency and mechanisms of CQP by the UV/chloramine system were systematically investigated in this study. The results demonstrate that compared to chloramine or UV treatment, the UV/chloramine system exhibits remarkable efficacy in CQP degradation. The contributions of·OH and Cl· in UV/chloramine accounting for 34.7 % and 34.2 %, respectively. Furthermore, chloramine concentration, pH, and HCO₃⁻ promoted the degradation of CQP in the UV/chloramine system to different degrees, while the presence of humic acid and Cl⁻ inhibits CQP degradation. During CQP degradation, ·Cl attacked CQP via N-deethylation and hydrogen abstraction, while ·OH and chloramine primarily contributed to the breaking of the C<img>N bond and deamination. In addition, the concentration of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during the degradation of CQP exhibits an initial increase followed by a decrease, and the highest concentrations of DBPs were significantly below the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline values for drinking water. The cytotoxicity demonstrates a similar trend as DBPs with initial increase followed by decrease. Moreover, the toxicity of the intermediates was gradually lower than that of CQP. In general, UV/chloramine treatment may constitute an effective approach for treating water contaminated with CQP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107517"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial kinetics of aerobic and anoxic ethanolamine biodegradation: Substrate and free nitrous acid inhibition","authors":"Basila Abdu,&nbsp;Tomás Allegue,&nbsp;Jorge Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abstract</div><div>Mono-ethanolamine (MEA) is widely used in carbon capture and nuclear power applications. Traditional physicochemical treatment of MEA-rich effluents is costly and environmentally impactful, highlighting the need for sustainable biological alternatives. This study investigates MEA biodegradation kinetics under aerobic and anoxic conditions using open microbial cultures, providing higher-confidence kinetic and inhibition parameters than those previously reported. MEA biodegradation begins with hydrolysis to acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) and ammonia (NH₃). Under aerobic conditions, acetaldehyde is oxidized to CO₂, and ammonia is sequentially oxidized by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). In anoxic conditions, heterotrophic denitrifiers oxidize MEA to CO₂ using nitrate as an electron acceptor. Batch kinetic tests suggest a Haldane-like substrate inhibition, likely due to acetaldehyde accumulation, with <em>Ks</em> and <em>K</em>_<em>I</em> values of 3 and 1.5 gCOD/L, respectively, and an estimated <em>q</em>_<em>max</em> of 24 gCOD/gVSS·d. During chemostat operation at 1800 mgCOD/L feed, nitrite accumulation was observed, potentially inhibiting heterotrophs due to free nitrous acid (FNA), with a <em>K</em>_<em>I</em> value of 28.53 μg/L. Continuous chemostat experiments confirmed MEA degradation, achieving over 97 % COD removal in aerobic conditions (900–1800 mgCOD/L feed) with a maximum removal rate of 13.5 gCOD/gVSS·d, and 94 % COD removal in anoxic conditions (900 mgCOD/L feed) with a rate of 18 gCOD/gVSS·d. These findings confirm the feasibility of biological MEA treatment, offering high removal efficiencies and reliable kinetic parameters to support industrial-scale wastewater treatment design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107448"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of oxygenated porous biochar by dual activation method for highly efficient removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution","authors":"Jiaxin Hu,&nbsp;Bingyuan Huang,&nbsp;Baoyu Li,&nbsp;Hongquan Fu,&nbsp;Juan Zhang,&nbsp;Hejun Gao,&nbsp;Yunwen Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive use of tetracycline (TC) poses a significant threat to both the environment and human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop tetracycline removal materials that are cost-effective, efficient, and easy to prepare in order to promote the development of society. In this study, we successfully prepared oxygen-enriched porous biochar (OPBC) from biomass starch through dual activation with bimetallic salt and hydrogen peroxide. The preparation process is streamlined by this method, resulting in a product with exceptional structural attributes: a large surface area of 1790 m²/g, an abundant pore structure, and a high oxygen content of 26 %. It has been demonstrated through experiments that OPBC possesses a remarkable adsorption capacity for TC in aqueous solutions, with a maximum capacity of 1357.9 mg/g. Theoretical calculations, corroborated by experimental data, indicate that the superior adsorption efficiency is predominantly attributed to the interaction between surface oxygen groups and TC molecules, enhanced by the elevated oxygen content on the surface. Furthermore, the results imply that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, and the pore structure collectively contribute to the adsorption mechanism. This study not only presents a new, cost-effective, and efficient method for treating TC-contaminated water, but also offers a new perspective on the high-value utilization of agricultural by-products for environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel evaluation index system for comprehensively analyzing the operational performance of constructed wetlands","authors":"Peihan Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Li ,&nbsp;Gang Qiu ,&nbsp;Ke Han ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Lu ,&nbsp;Huijun Xie ,&nbsp;Jian Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer ecological, economic, social, and other benefits during operation, but a comprehensive evaluation system to effectively evaluate their operational performance is lacking. This study established a novel constructed wetland evaluation index system (CWEIS) to evaluate the operational performance of CWs in terms of six key aspects, ranked in order of significance: purification capacity, ecological performance, investment cost, social value, economic benefit, and management performance. New evaluation indicators, such as effluent risk, carbon emission, and carbon fixation, were incorporated into CWEIS to respond to societal demands for CW functionality. The CWEIS was successfully applied to evaluate the operational performance of four field-scale CWs which have been operated continuously for over seven years revealing functional issues during their operation. The results demonstrated that although the overall performance of the CWs was at the good level, the total nitrogen concentration in their effluent exceeded the design standard. Additionally, the evaluation scores for the land area of the CWs were below the good level, and it was found that economic benefit exhibited the most significant disparity among the secondary indicators. Consequently, this study highlighted the necessity of introducing novel substrates and optimizing operational strategies for enhancing the purification capacity of CWs. Furthermore, increasing the depth of CW to reduce land use, enriching species diversity, and expanding the applications of wetland products could further improve CW's operational performance. This study presents a novel evaluation model for CWs, and its findings positively contribute to the sustainable operation of CWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107528"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The electrochemical degradation of enrofloxacin using RuO2-IrO2-TiO2/Ti electrodes: Kinetics, mechanism, and model prediction","authors":"Juxiang Chen,&nbsp;HongMei Yang,&nbsp;Yuxia Feng,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;YuQiong Gao,&nbsp;Xinrong Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enrofloxacin (ENR), a prevalent antibiotic, poses a global aquatic pollution risk due to its persistence and toxicity, necessitating the development of innovative degradation methods. This study investigates the electrochemical degradation of the antibiotic ENR using RuO₂-IrO₂-TiO₂/Ti anodes. The degradation of ENR follows first-order kinetics; the main reactive species involved in the reaction were identified as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), chlorine radicals (Cl•/ Cl^2•-), and other active chlorine species, with •OH contributing the most at 85.15 %. The study systematically investigated the impact of ENR initial concentration, pH, inter-electrode distance (d), current density (j), and inorganic anions on the degradation rate and kinetics. The optimal conditions were determined to be: an initial ENR concentration of 1 μg/mL, pH of 7, d of 3 cm, and j of 3 mA/cm². Cl⁻ as reactive material precursors, has a promoting effect on the reaction; CO₃²⁻ inhibits the degradation, especially at high concentrations where the inhibitory effect is significant. By combining the electrochemical prediction of active sites (C<img>N, C<img>O, C<img>F) and the identified disinfection byproducts (chloroform, dichloroacetic acid, dichloroacetonitrile), a reaction mechanism was proposed where radicals attack and open the piperazine and quinolone rings of ENR. In comparison with the predictive outcomes of Back Propagation (BP), Particle Swarm Optimization-Back Propagation (PSO-BP), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, the determination coefficients (R²) were 0.8483, 0.8499, and 0.9153. This study offers a scientific foundation for electrochemical oxidation theory and practice and provides new ideas for predictive control in electrochemical treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107519"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing airflow rate and carbon source dosage strategies for wastewater treatment plant: Toward carbon emission reduction and enhanced nitrogen removal","authors":"Xuefei Li ,&nbsp;Huaying Sun ,&nbsp;Zuoqian Hu ,&nbsp;Sheng Miao ,&nbsp;Changqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current operational strategies of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) rely heavily on manual experience, which poses challenges in simultaneously achieving carbon emission reduction targets and improving effluent quality. To address this issue, this study proposed the carbon source dosage and airflow rate adjustment strategies based on the carbon‑nitrogen and gas-water ratios, respectively, with the aim of reducing the effluent total nitrogen concentration (TN_eff). Additionally, the Indirect Carbon Emission Intensity (ICEI) and Total Carbon Emission Intensity (TCEI) were calculated as carbon emission evaluation indicators. As a trial-and-error tool, the GRU-LSTM prediction model was developed to predict real-time TN_eff, providing a reference for strategy development. Using a full-scale WWTP as a case study, results showed that TN_eff decreased by 1.71 mg/L on average under the proposed strategies, with fluctuations reduced from 1.32 mg/L to 0.98 mg/L. At the same time, ICEI decreased by 4.18 %. The GRU-LSTM prediction model achieved R² values of 0.94, demonstrating its effectiveness in predicting real-time TN_eff accurately. The results illustrated that dynamic operation strategies can simultaneously achieve carbon emission reduction and improved nitrogen removal. The finding could provide evidence-based decision support for WWTPs to optimize nitrogen removal and carbon emission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107513"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steam-activated biochar for efficient removal of sulfamethoxazole from water: Activation temperature-mediated differences","authors":"Shaowen Rong,&nbsp;Yuge He,&nbsp;Liangmeng Ni,&nbsp;Qi Gao,&nbsp;Xin Feng,&nbsp;Shushu Liu,&nbsp;Yanhang Zhong,&nbsp;Yuguo Li ,&nbsp;Zhijia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo activated carbon (BCAs) was manufactured through water steam activation of bamboo-biochar (BC) at different temperatures for 1 h. The physicochemical properties of BCAs and adsorption behaviors of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were investigated. The results concluded that steam activation increased specific surface area (SSA) of BC by 56.97–87.73 times. The BCA₈₅₀, activated at temperature of 850 °C, showed the excellent adsorption performance due to the well-developed graded pore structure, the maximum SSA of 1583.07 m²/g, the least oxygen-containing functional groups, and the most surface defects. Chemical adsorption initially resulted in SMX removal on the surface of BCA₈₅₀. Because of pore structures and pore filling mechanism, multilayer adsorption of high concentrations gradually replaced monolayer adsorption of low concentrations. 2D graphitic-like structures increased π-π electron donor-acceptor potential positions, which was beneficial to remove SMX in acidic water. BCA₈₅₀ reached adsorption equilibrium for 90 min with an adsorption capacity of 204.07 mg/g. Both original minerals of BCAs and adsorption process increased the pH of acidic SMX solutions. Active adsorption sites of BCA₈₅₀ were regenerated by methanol with an original adsorption capacity of 87.89 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107462"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible-light activation of persulfate by nano-Fe/TiO2 photocatalyst towards efficient degradation of acid orange dye","authors":"Hongling Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Wang ,&nbsp;Xiulan Pang ,&nbsp;Guofeng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium oxide (TiO₂) semiconducting materials attracted great interest in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in the treatment of textile wastewater in recent days. The present study focuses on a sol-gel method for synthesizing nano-Fe doped TiO₂ photocatalyst, and employs the advanced oxidation technique termed photocatalytic activation of persulfate to degrade azo dye. The degradation performance of targeted degradant acid orange dye (AO7) was analyzed regarding the impacts of PDS concentration, solution pH, and catalyst dose. Results showed that under visible light irradiation, the removal rate of AO7 can reach a peak of 98.40 % within 40 min at an optimal initial concentration of 0.05 g·L⁻¹, a pH of 5, a PDS concentration of 4 mM, and a catalyst dosage of 0.4 g·L⁻¹, accompanied by a reaction rate constant of 0.1152 min⁻¹. Moreover, the higher photocatalytic activity of nano-Fe/TiO₂ in comparison to pure TiO₂ is attributed to a higher specific surface area, smaller crystalline size, reduced band gap (2.54 eV), and increased efficiency for the electron-hole generation according to SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS and DRS characterization measurements. The nano-Fe/TiO₂ photocatalytic efficiency persisted robustly after 4 runs and also had a high activity in degrading Tetracycline. The photocatalytic mechanism revealed that the persulfate radical (·SO₄⁻) and the hole (h⁺) followed by superoxide radicals (·O₂⁻) played a crucial role in providing a better photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. The outcomes demonstrate future possibilities of applying nano-Fe/TiO₂ photocatalyst in the treatment of organic pollutants wastewater under visible light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 107495"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen elimination by a novel salt-tolerant bacterium Alcaligenes aquatilis DN-1: Characteristics and resistance mechanism of the strain","authors":"Jing Zhen ,&nbsp;Huan Ma ,&nbsp;Yanfang Wu ,&nbsp;Xinran Liang ,&nbsp;Guangguang Guo ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Zhimin Du ,&nbsp;Fuzhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiwen Wang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Li ,&nbsp;Wenling Yang ,&nbsp;Yufei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107412","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107412","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) removal from saline wastewater has emerged as a key concern to safeguard environment. High salinity can impede the growth of bacteria responsible for nitrogen removal. The identification of salt-tolerant bacteria capable of nitrogen removal is thus important for wastewater treatment. In this study, a novel strain, <em>Alcaligenes aquatilis</em> DN-1, capable of aerobic-heterotrophic nitrogen removal (AHNR) was isolated from wastewater. The strain DN-1 showed 100 %, 99.97 %, and 85.24 % efficiencies for removing ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate, respectively. Particularly, strain DN-1 exhibited excellent ammonium removal efficiency under 0–6 % salinity. A maximum nitrogen removal rate of 98.92 % was achieved at NaCl concentration of 6 %. Results of transcriptomic analysis indicated that up-regulation of <em>gdhA</em>, <em>gltB</em> and <em>gltD</em> genes was observed, which were involved in the assimilation pathway of ammonium removal. Ammonium removal pathway from hypersaline wastewater by strain DN-1 was accomplished mainly through assimilation. Genes involved in synthesis of ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine, i.e., <em>ectA</em>, <em>ectB</em>, <em>ectC</em> and <em>ectD</em>, showed significantly high levels of transcriptional expressions, indicating that strain DN-1 balanced osmotic pressure by accumulating ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine to withstand salinity-induced osmoadaptation. Meanwhile, genes associated with oxidative stress (<em>trxB</em>, <em>trxC</em>, <em>dsbA</em>, <em>dsbB</em>, <em>dsbC</em> and <em>dsbD</em>) were also upregulated to some extent. Genes involved in osmoadaptation and oxidative stress cooperated with ammonium metabolism pathways to counteract salt stress. The study indicated that the isolatedstrain for was highly efficient in eliminating ammonium from wastewater. The findings further offered valuable insights into the adaptation mechanisms of <em>Alcaligenes aquatilis</em> DN-1 in salt wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 107412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of nitrobenzene in wastewater using a double-modified biofilm particle electrode with Fe and Mn oxides","authors":"Baoshan Wang ,&nbsp;Peiquan Xue ,&nbsp;Xiaojie Chen ,&nbsp;Zhilong Dong ,&nbsp;Jingmin Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.107520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particle electrodes in three-dimensional (3D) biofilm electrodes play a crucial role in microbial loading and electrochemical degradation. Traditional particle electrodes, such as those made from activated carbon, often experience issues like clogging and poor electrochemical catalytic performance. In this study, a novel particle electrode is developed using polyurethane foam as a biofilm carrier modified by Fe and Mn oxides. The electrode incorporates pre-loading and dynamic deposition of Fe<img>Mn oxides to enhance performance and improve the removal efficiency of nitrobenzene (NB) compounds in wastewater. Under the experimental conditions of a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h, a power supply voltage of 6 V, and a Mn to Fe oxide loading ratio of 5:1, the removal rate of NB in the Fe-Mn-modified group tended towards 100 %, with a stable chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 92.0 ± 1 % and an NH₄⁺-N removal rate of 85.0 ± 1 %. Compared with the control group, the secondary loading of iron and manganese significantly enhanced the biological synergistic function and membrane stability, resulting in a marked improvement in pollutant-removal effectiveness. And Fe concentrations in the effluent below 0.29 mg/L and Mn concentrations below 0.1 mg/L, no secondary pollution is caused. The synergistic degradation of pollutants by Fe<img>Mn and microorganisms in the particle electrode biofilm was the primary factor contributing to the increased degradation efficiency. These results indicate that Fe-Mn-modified polyurethane foam exhibits excellent catalytic activity and microbial-loading performance, making it a novel and efficient particle electrode for enhancing pollutant-removal efficiency in 3D biofilm electrode reactors (BERs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of water process engineering","volume":"73 ","pages":"Article 107520"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143642358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}