Journal of Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Muskrat occurrence in Rhode Island shows little evidence of land use change driving declines","authors":"John G. Crockett,&nbsp;Charles Brown,&nbsp;Brian D. Gerber","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22668","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Muskrat (<i>Ondatra zibethicus</i>) populations have been in apparent decline across their native range in North America for decades. Several hypotheses exist for the causes of these declines, including loss of wetlands. We used time-to-detection data from 925 surveys from 276 sites across Rhode Island, USA, between 2021–2023 to fit an occupancy model that related the probability of muskrat occupancy at a site to land cover classification. We found that muskrat occupancy was higher in areas with more open water, urban land cover, or a second-order or larger stream, and lower in areas with salt water. We estimated changes in wetland area throughout Rhode Island using the National Land Cover Database classifications from 2001 and 2019 and found a net loss in wetland cover of 219 ha. We calculated the distance between wetland patches in each of these periods and found that patches were closer together than the dispersal distance of muskrats, suggesting isolation is unlikely to be driving muskrat declines. Additionally, when we used our model to predict changes in muskrat occupancy between 2001 and 2019, both mean and median predicted occupancy changed by &lt;0.005. These results indicate that muskrat declines are not driven by habitat loss, and suggest future research is needed that focuses on other hypothesized mechanisms of muskrat declines such as disease, declining habitat quality, predation, and competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonality in Sonoran pronghorn survival and movement within a managed rangeland","authors":"Nicole Barbour,&nbsp;Jill Bright,&nbsp;John Hervert,&nbsp;Eliezer D. Gurarie,&nbsp;Stephanie Fuest,&nbsp;Aaron Alvidrez,&nbsp;R. Andrew Goodwin,&nbsp;Steven Su,&nbsp;Sherry Lehmuth,&nbsp;Christian W. Black,&nbsp;Christen H. Fleming,&nbsp;William F. Fagan","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22675","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The endangered Sonoran pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana sonoriensis</i>) has a large portion of its range within a military operations area in southwestern Arizona, USA. Sonoran pronghorn have been actively managed in this region for more than 20 years. Recovery efforts have included release of captive-born pronghorn into areas both currently and historically occupied by wild pronghorn. These areas provide habitat for federally endangered essential and experimental non-essential, referred to as 10(j), pronghorn populations. More than 20 years of monitoring efforts have resulted in a large dataset on their spatial occurrence and movement within these areas. To synthesize long-term trends and seasonality in Sonoran pronghorn movement and mortality, we employed a suite of quantitative analyses that characterized the pronghorns' 1) individual and population-level home ranges, 2) occurrence near active military targets, 3) trends in seasonal group sizes and composition, 4) sex- and group-specific survivorship, and 5) changes in movement-based behavior following release from captivity. We found strong seasonal trends throughout, including sex-specific differences in seasonal movement rates, home ranges, survival, and group composition. Further, captive-born pronghorn released into the endangered population exhibited markedly higher survival compared to those released in 10(j) areas. Captive-born pronghorn exhibited significant seasonal use of active military target areas. These analyses, which represent the most comprehensive analysis of Sonoran pronghorn movement and survival to date, have important implications for the future conservation and management of this endangered species. Our results indicate that active management of endangered Sonoran pronghorn has successfully increased survival, and we recommend maintaining or increasing current recovery efforts, such as captive breeding and placement of supplemental resources throughout their range (e.g., freestanding water and supplemental forage), to further boost the survivorship of both wild- and captive-born pronghorn. Moreover, future management efforts could use our seasonality results to create dynamic prediction models of when and where pronghorn are likely to overlap with military activities to best manage interactions. Our methods have added application to other mobile species of conservation interest occurring in disturbed and resource-limited landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22675","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barn owl site occupancy and breeding success in relation to land use and nest box characteristics","authors":"Estelle Milliet,&nbsp;Kim Schalcher,&nbsp;Anna Grangier-Bijou,&nbsp;Bettina Almasi,&nbsp;Fabrizio Butera,&nbsp;Alexandre Roulin","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22678","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural landscapes play a crucial role in enhancing biodiversity because of their widespread presence over the Earth and their ability to encompass diverse ecosystems. Recognizing this, numerous governments are incentivizing farmers through direct payments to adopt sustainable practices, such as managing extensive pastures and meadows, planting wildflowers, or establishing hedgerows. However, the benefit of such sustainable practices on vertebrate species is not well understood. From 2018 to 2020, we investigated nest occupancy, fledging success, and clutch size of a Swiss population of barn owls (<i>Tyto alba</i>) with respect to nest box characteristics and the presence of extensive agriculture and urbanization in areas surrounding nest boxes. Our results revealed that extensively used pastures were negatively associated with site occupancy but positively associated with clutch size. The proportion of urban areas was negatively related to both site occupancy and clutch size. The altitude of the nest box location was negatively correlated with occupancy, and the number of nest boxes placed at the same site (either 1 or 2) was positively correlated with site occupancy. Moreover, clutch size, but not fledging success, was larger in nest boxes placed outside barns than in nest boxes placed inside barns. Based on these findings, we recommend installing nest boxes at locations &lt;700 m in altitude and in pairs on the same barn, incorporating biodiversity promotion areas into agricultural landscapes, and avoiding dense urban areas in favor of rural zones with lower urban density. Understanding the nuanced relationships between nest box characteristics, environmental factors, and breeding success provides valuable insights for optimizing artificial nesting sites and enhancing the overall reproductive success of barn owls.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22678","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A celebration and reflection on the equity trend between women and men in wildlife publishing","authors":"Rebeca E. Becdach,&nbsp;Katherine Larson,&nbsp;Kellie Crouch,&nbsp;Elizabeth Meisman,&nbsp;Anna Goldman,&nbsp;Carol L. Chambers,&nbsp;Mary DeJong,&nbsp;Valorie Titus,&nbsp;Micaela S. Gunther,&nbsp;Ho Yi Wan","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22680","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An inequity persists between women and men in nearly all scientific fields. A clear indicator of this bias is the disparity between women and men in authorship of scientific papers, as publications are a critical part of a researcher's career. Our objective was to describe gender equity (<i>sensu</i> women, men) in wildlife-related publishing in recent decades. We reviewed all research articles published in <i>The Journal of Wildlife Management</i> (<i>JWM</i>) from 1999 through 2020 and collected author names, affiliated institutions, and study species taxa from each paper. To help understand representation by gender in publishing, we classified the gender of each author using the online tool Genderize.io. We then calculated the women-to-men ratio in publishing as first- and co-authors across time. We further investigated whether there were biases by country, institution, and taxon of study species. Our results revealed that authorships were dominated by men 22 years ago, with 14 and 12 women/100 men for first- and co-authorships, respectively, in 1999. Since then, apart from year-to-year fluctuations, the overall gap between women and men gradually narrowed until the mid-2010s, reaching approximately 60 and 30 women/100 men for first- and co-authorship, respectively. The percentage of women increased across institutions, taxa, and countries during the study; however, the percentages of women associated with each institution type and most wildlife taxa were lower than the percentages of men. Although it is encouraging to see the improvement in equity in publishing since 1999, there are still substantially more men publishing than women, which indicates there is still a need to remedy known barriers and identify additional barriers that contribute to publication inequity.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142861313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horns, hunters, and harvest: re-examining management paradigms for pronghorn","authors":"Lee E. Tafelmeyer,&nbsp;Tayler N. LaSharr,&nbsp;Justin Binfet,&nbsp;Molly Bredehoft,&nbsp;Greg Hiatt,&nbsp;Daryl W. Lutz,&nbsp;Heather O'Brien,&nbsp;Carl D. Mitchell,&nbsp;Kevin L. Monteith","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22674","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sustainable use of wildlife is foundational to the success of the North American model of wildlife conservation. Harvest management often is shaped through both species biology and public desires. The long timespan it takes males of most ungulate species to reach peak weapon size has created a situation in harvest management in which harvest strategies cannot prioritize both generous hunter opportunity and opportunities to pursue large-weaponed males; therefore, current harvest paradigms prioritize one at the expense of the other. In contrast to other species, pronghorn (<i>Antilocapra americana</i>) attain the majority of their peak horn size early in life. The rapid development of horns relative to their age may allow for liberal harvest without sacrificing the opportunity for hunters to harvest males with large horns. We evaluated the influence of sex ratios and average age of harvested males on the average horn size of harvested male pronghorn from 2019 to 2022 in 9 hunt areas in Wyoming, USA. Although mean age of harvested males was negatively affected by rate of harvest, increases in mean age at harvest led to only slight increases in mean horn size (i.e., a 1-year increase in mean age increased mean horn size by 2.1 cm [~1 inch]). The proportion of the harvest composed of large-horned males was not influenced by mean age of harvest or sex ratio of the population. Based on simulated populations, increasing harvest led to an increase in the number of large-weaponed pronghorn in the harvest—a relationship that existed for bighorn sheep (<i>Ovis canadensis</i>) and elk (<i>Cervus canadensis</i>) but only at low to moderate rates of harvest. The comparatively young age that pronghorn attain near-peak horn size alleviates what is otherwise a tradeoff between hunter opportunity and managing for large horn size that is evident in management of other ungulate species. Though rarely a reality in management for large ungulates, for pronghorn, liberal harvest may be possible while still providing opportunity to harvest males with large horns.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife Management and Conservation: Contemporary Principles and Practices (2nd edition)By Paul R. Krausman and James W. Cain III (Eds.), Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2022. pp. 472. $99.95 (hardcover). ISBN: 9781421443966","authors":"James H. Long III","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Florida sandhill crane survival along a wildland-to-urban land use gradient","authors":"Timothy A. Dellinger,&nbsp;Andrea L. Sylvia,&nbsp;Brittany A. Bankovich,&nbsp;Ronald R. Bielefeld","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22676","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Florida sandhill crane (<i>Antigone canadensis pratensis</i>) is a state-threatened non-migratory subspecies. Our understanding of adult crane survival in Florida, USA, is unclear, as it relies on decades-old unpublished data of birds residing in natural areas. Since that time, the loss of natural habitat precipitated cranes using urbanized areas such as suburban lawns and roadside verges for foraging and loafing. Contemporary studies are needed to properly guide crane management and conservation efforts. We addressed this knowledge gap by estimating the annual survival rate for sandhill cranes in 12 central Florida counties. We used a live-dead capture-recapture multistate model, monitoring 118 adult cranes from June 2017 to May 2023; 76 were color-banded and 42 were tagged with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) transmitters. Fifteen cranes died during the study, with vehicle strikes (<i>n</i> = 9) being the most prevalent identified source of mortality. Overall, the annual survival probability was estimated at 0.79 (95% credibility interval = 0.75–0.84). Using the subset of GSM-tagged cranes, we observed no influence of urbanization on annual survival rate (β_{urbanization gradient} = 0.007, 95% credibility interval = −0.008, 0.022). The adult survival rates we observed are lower than reported for other populations of sandhill cranes in North America that are considered stable or growing.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions and tolerance of American crocodiles and their management by South Florida residents","authors":"Vincent R. Deem,&nbsp;Matteo Cleary,&nbsp;David A. Steen","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22672","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The American crocodile (<i>Crocodylus acutus</i>) is a federally and state-protected species classified as threatened by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Florida; however, its population has increased since gaining legal protection in 1967. Concurrently, the number of reported human–crocodile conflicts has also increased, analogous to known conflicts surrounding other large (typically terrestrial) predators recovering from historical population declines. Although biology and ecology are the foundation of effective wildlife management strategies, human dimensions need to be considered to develop realistic and attainable conservation objectives. To better understand how South Florida residents perceive American crocodiles and their management, we used a mixed-mode internet and mail survey. We obtained survey data from 28 May 2021 to 20 September 2021 from people living within the range of the American crocodile in Florida. There was little variation in opinions of 6 management actions presented for consideration under each of 3 different human–crocodile interaction scenarios. The strongest consensus was around euthanizing a crocodile (highly unacceptable under all 3 scenarios) with the management action of leaving the crocodile alone and monitoring the situation showing the least amount of consensus and shifting from slightly acceptable to slightly unacceptable the closer a hypothetical crocodile was in proximity to a resident's private property. Regression modeling showed respondents who were older, female, and those with children at home were less likely to prefer an increase in the crocodile population. Respondents who perceived more benefits from crocodiles and less risk from them tended to be relatively knowledgeable about crocodiles, had higher trust in the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), and were more likely to prefer a larger crocodile population. Further, spatial mapping revealed variation in tolerance for crocodiles and trust in FWC's ability to manage them. We reveal opportunities for targeted education and outreach efforts with the potential to affect tolerance of a large reptilian carnivore in a region experiencing rapid human development.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22444","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22444","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142430321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Free-roaming horses exceeding appropriate management levels affect multiple vital rates in greater sage-grouse","authors":"Jeffrey L. Beck,&nbsp;Megan C. Milligan,&nbsp;Kurt T. Smith,&nbsp;Phillip A. Street,&nbsp;Aaron C. Pratt,&nbsp;Christopher P. Kirol,&nbsp;Caitlyn P. Wanner,&nbsp;Jacob D. Hennig,&nbsp;Jonathan B. Dinkins,&nbsp;J. Derek Scasta,&nbsp;Peter S. Coates","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22669","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22669","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since the passage of the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971, federal agencies have been responsible for managing free-roaming equids in the United States. Over the last 20 years, management has been hampered by direct opposition from advocacy groups, budget limitations, and a decline in the public's willingness to adopt free-roaming horses (<i>Equus caballus</i>). As a result, free-roaming equid numbers have increased to &gt;3 times the targeted goal of 26,785 (horses and burros [<i>E</i>. <i>asinus</i>] combined), the cumulative sum of the appropriate management levels (AML) for all 177 designated herd management areas (HMA) managed by the Bureau of Land Management. This increase is one of the causes of greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) population declines, owing to habitat alteration from free-roaming equids exacerbated by ongoing drought. To evaluate potential demographic mechanisms influencing these declines, we compiled survival data from 4 studies in central Wyoming, USA, including 995 adult female (first-year breeders or older) sage-grouse during the breeding season, 1,075 nests, 372 broods, and 136 juveniles (i.e., overwinter survival for fledged young), from 2008–2022. During this period, we also obtained population information for free-roaming horses from 9 HMAs used by individual grouse in our sample. Population estimates of free-roaming horses for these HMAs ranged from 59% to 7 times of the maximum appropriate management level (AML_max). Sage-grouse monitored outside of HMAs represented control populations and, because we assumed they were not exposed to populations of free-roaming horses, we set values of AML_max to zero for all grouse located outside of HMAs. To evaluate whether free-roaming horses were negatively affecting sage-grouse, we modeled daily survival of breeding age females, nest, broods, and juveniles. There was strong or moderate evidence that overabundant free-roaming horses negatively affected nest, brood, and juvenile survival. When horse abundance increased from AML_max to 3 times AML_max, survival was reduced 8.1%, 18.3%, 18.2%, and 18.2% for nests, early broods (≤20 days after hatch), late broods (&gt;20 days to 35 days after hatch), and juveniles, respectively. These results indicate increasing free-roaming horse numbers affected vital rates for important life stages of sage-grouse, and that maintaining free-roaming horse numbers below AML_max would reduce negative effects to sage-grouse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"88 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22669","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}