Journal of Wildlife Management最新文献

{"title":"Hunter harvest affects survival of Atlantic brant","authors":"Kevin W. Dufour,&nbsp;Joshua L. Dooley,&nbsp;James O. Leafloor,&nbsp;Theodore C. Nichols","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adult survival is a key driver of population dynamics in long-lived species like geese. To implement effective and sustainable hunting regulations, managers need accurate estimates of survival and knowledge about the impacts of hunter harvest, particularly the extent to which this mortality is compensatory or additive to other sources. Atlantic brant (<i>Branta bernicla hrota</i>) are among the smallest of the North American goose populations and are vulnerable from a conservation perspective because of their limited breeding and wintering ranges, variable and low productivity, and reliance on coastal marine ecosystems. Additionally, the effects of hunter harvest on Atlantic brant survival are not fully known. We conducted both dead recovery only and joint live-dead mark-recapture analyses of Atlantic brant banded on Baffin Island and Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada, during 2000–2018 to provide contemporary survival estimates and determine the extent to which hunter harvest was compensatory or additive. Survival probabilities of juveniles were lower and more variable (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.54 ± 0.13 [SE]; range = 0.33–0.88) than adults (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.84 ± 0.06; 0.74–0.95) and were influenced to a greater extent by non-harvest mortality. We found evidence of harvest additivity in adult Atlantic brant. Annual harvest of adult Atlantic brant explained 75% of the annual variability in adult survival probabilities, and the estimated process correlation between adult annual survival and recovery probabilities from a Brownie dead recovery model was negative (ρ = −0.34; SD = 0.32). Compared to other North American goose populations, Atlantic brant have lower harvest potential and less ability to compensate for hunter harvest. To ensure harvest remains sustainable, we suggest that managers should account for minimal harvest compensation in adult brant when selecting hunting regulations (i.e., season length and daily bag limits). Lastly, we encourage the use of joint live-dead models when possible because they provide greater insight into demographic processes and improved precision and accuracy on parameter estimates, particularly for juveniles.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the umbrella: Does management for American woodcock increase reproductive success of a declining songbird?","authors":"Megan E. Gray,&nbsp;Liam S. Corcoran,&nbsp;Scott R. McWilliams","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The umbrella species concept is a popular management approach that assumes conservation efforts for one species confer benefits to others, although most assessments of such benefits to non-target species only measure presence and abundance. We compared the density, territory size, and key metrics of reproductive success for eastern towhee (<i>Pipilo erythrophthalmus</i>) between study sites that differed in relative likelihood of selection (RLS), as determined by a resource selection function (RSF), for American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>), a proposed umbrella species for early successional habitat in eastern North America. Higher woodcock RLS sites had higher densities of singing male eastern towhees, which in turn defended smaller territories. Nest survival and provisioning rates of towhees were not related to woodcock RLS, whereas towhee nestlings at higher RLS sites grew to a greater size. Eastern towhees largely benefited from forest management aimed at American woodcock; towhees in higher woodcock RLS sites will likely occur in greater densities and raise chicks with higher fledging masses, potentially increasing recruits to the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk metrics vs. rat metrics: An alternative approach to measuring and managing urban rat infestations","authors":"Chelsea G. Himsworth,&nbsp;Kaylee A. Byers","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban Norway rats (<i>Rattus norvegicus</i>) and black rats (<i>R. rattus</i>) can have diverse and significant negative impacts on urban landscapes and residents. A variety of different approaches have been developed for measuring rat populations to support management efforts. However, the utility of these approaches has been limited, as they account for the magnitude but not the consequences of infestations and thus may not reflect the harm that cities are ultimately seeking to mitigate. We propose an alternative approach through the development of a rat risk index, which would add novel measures of rat-related impacts to existing measures of rat abundance. Such an index would be particularly useful for goal setting, program evaluation, and prioritization in the context of municipal rat management programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information - Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.22611","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.22611","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.22611","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yellowstone's Birds: Diversity and Abundance in the World's First National Park By Douglas W. Smith, Lauren E. Walker, and Katherine E. Duffy, editors. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2023. pp. 304. $35.00 (hardback). ISBN 9780691217833","authors":"Ridhi Chandarana","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ticks: Biology, Ecology, and Diseases By \u0000 Nicholas Johnson, London, United Kingdom: Academic Press. 2023. pp. 244. $150. ISBN 978-0-323-91148-1","authors":"Joseph D. T. Savage","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea otter interactions with mariculture oyster farms","authors":"Emily Reynolds,&nbsp;Brenda Konar,&nbsp;Lara Horstmann","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While oyster farms and sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris</i>) coexist in some locations, sustaining these farms and growing interest in their expansion necessitate a comprehensive evaluation of potential interactions. We assessed sea otter interactions with oyster farms through behavioral observations of otters in oyster farms, adjacent non-farm areas (controls), or bays with no farming activity (references) in southcentral Alaska in 2022–2023. Behavioral observations, conducted through scan surveys, captured sea otter activities (e.g., resting, grooming, swimming, and foraging). Targeted foraging observations tracked foraging success and prey (species and count). We hypothesized that sea otters preferentially used oyster farms for foraging and resting activities compared to non-farm areas. Contrary to our hypothesis, sea otter activities showed no significant difference in foraging or resting behaviors between oyster farms and controls. Similarly, foraging behavior, including success and prey diversity, did not differ among areas. The dominant prey items in our study included clams (e.g., butter clam [<i>Saxidomus gigantea</i>]), crabs (e.g., helmet crab [<i>Telmessus cheiragonus</i>], red rock crab [<i>Cancer productus</i>]), and mussels (e.g., Pacific blue mussel [<i>Mytilus trossulus</i>]). Notably, there were no observations of farmed oysters being consumed by sea otters. There was strong evidence of differences in the average number of prey consumed per sea otter per dive between the control and reference areas, with the control area averaging 2.6 prey items per dive (SD = 3.6) compared to 4.8 prey items per dive (SD = 7.3) in the reference area. These differences may be attributed to variations in prey biomass and environmental conditions. Our observations indicate that there are no discernible differences in overall sea otter activity or foraging behavior in the presence of oyster farms.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of natural tree cavities suitable for nesting wood ducks across South Carolina forest types","authors":"Cindy L. Von Haugg,&nbsp;Robert F. Baldwin,&nbsp;Beau A. Bauer,&nbsp;Andrew S. Bridges,&nbsp;Ernie P. Wiggers,&nbsp;Donald L. Hagan,&nbsp;James T. Anderson","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wood ducks (<i>Aix sponsa</i>) are common year-round residents of wetlands throughout the southeastern United States. Evidence suggests &gt;90% of the North American wood duck population nests in natural tree cavities rather than in artificial nest boxes. However, few studies have investigated the occurrence of these cavities, particularly across the wood duck's southern breeding range. We aimed to determine forest and tree characteristics associated with the presence of cavities suitable for wood duck nesting and model densities of potential nesting cavities within our study area. We established 20-m-radius plots (<i>n</i> = 166) across 5 dominant forest types in South Carolina, USA, and inspected 4,633 trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) &gt; 22 cm for cavities. We identified 225 potential cavities, of which we deemed 69% were cavities and 14% were cavities suitable for nesting wood ducks. We found total cavity and suitable cavity densities at our study sites were greatest in oak (<i>Quercus</i> spp.), gum (<i>Nyssa</i> spp.), and cypress (<i>Taxodium</i> spp.) stands (<i>x̄</i> = 19.35 ± 20.27 [SE] cavities/ha, <i>n</i> = 474,145 and <i>x̄</i> = 4.20 ± 5.12 cavities/ha, <i>n</i> = 102,827, respectively). The best-fit model for cavity presence had a positive effect for site index, DBH (cm), and stand age and a minor negative effect for tree density (km²). Results for suitable cavity presence also showed a positive effect for DBH and stand age (years), a negative effect for tree density, and no effect for basal area (m²). We used an optimized hot spot analysis using our findings to identify areas with &gt;90% confidence of suitable cavity occurrence, which resulted in 861 ha of area with predicted suitable cavities (1.0% of the total sample area [89,559 ha]). Increasing our understanding of the relative abundance of cavities and cavities suitable for wood duck nesting and the identification of tree and stand metrics that influence the occurrence of cavities and those suitable to wood ducks promotes efficient management of forest and timber harvest practices beneficial to nesting wood ducks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using statistical population reconstruction to estimate effects of changing harvest regulations on fisher in Minnesota","authors":"Sergey S. Berg,&nbsp;John D. Erb,&nbsp;Ethan E. Kostynick,&nbsp;Blake A. Snider,&nbsp;Jared D. Anderson,&nbsp;HanLin Guo","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Monitoring the demographic trends of harvested furbearer populations is essential for effective management and to evaluate the consequences of changing harvest regulations such as season lengths, bag limits, or closures. We used age-at-harvest, harvest effort, and telemetry data to parameterize a second-stage statistical population reconstruction model with both random and linear effects to estimate abundance, recruitment, harvest vulnerability, and non-harvest survival rates of fisher (<i>Pekania pennanti</i>) in Minnesota, USA, from 2010 to 2023. We then used this model to investigate the effect of changing the length of the harvest season during this time on predicted population abundance and harvest vulnerability. Our results suggest that the decision to decrease the harvest season from 9 days to 6 days from 2012 to 2018 may have counterintuitively increased the likelihood of fisher being harvested per additional unit of harvest effort (i.e., trap-nights), which may have been attributable to trappers adjusting their strategy to maximize harvest during the shorter period. This analysis illustrates the utility of using statistical population reconstruction with random and linear effects to help management agencies make more informed decisions about changing harvest season lengths and other regulations, and to ensure that unexpected effects can be quickly detected and adjusted for in an adaptive management framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual issues as foundational resources","authors":"Jacqueline L. Frair,&nbsp;Allison Cox","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jwmg.70058","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Through Wiley, &lt;i&gt;The Journal of Wildlife Management&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;JWM&lt;/i&gt;) has created virtual issues that provide curated collections of research articles on key themes, draw material from multiple journals, and make articles freely available to read for 3 months. Virtual issues can be particularly useful for those seeking a comprehensive overview of a specific field of research. As we look forward to the annual meeting this October, we encourage symposium and working group organizers to partner with us to also publish a virtual issue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We first ventured into the world of virtual issues in 2019 with a pair of issues co-published by The Wildlife Society and the American Fisheries Society in advance of the 2019 Joint Annual Meeting (Trushenski et al. &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). After a bit of a dry spell, in 2024 we published 4 more. The first 2 focused on the top-cited articles published in 2022 and 2023 (JWM &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and the most-read articles in 2023 (JWM &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), containing content exclusively drawn from &lt;i&gt;JWM&lt;/i&gt;. The next 2 issues took a different tack by coordinating the publication of special focuses in The Wildlife Professional in tandem with a virtual issue containing research articles on the same theme. The first of these focused on beaver management and conservation (JWM &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), the second focused on wildlife in desert ecosystems (JWM &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;), and both coalesced articles from across The Wildlife Society family of publications, including &lt;i&gt;JWM&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Wildlife Society Bulletin&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Wildlife Monographs&lt;/i&gt;. That same year, The Wildlife Society published a virtual issue on greater sage-grouse in the &lt;i&gt;Wildlife Society Bulletin&lt;/i&gt; to support the ongoing drafting of a conservation plan for the species by the Bureau of Land Management (Wildlife Society Bulletin &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Expanding on our efforts to provide the science behind hot topics highlighted in The Wildlife Professional, we have recently published a virtual issue on nutritional ecology (JWM &lt;span&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;). This issue drew together 28 articles across 11 different journals available within the Wiley Online Library. This collection was curated by the Nutritional Ecology Working Group of The Wildlife Society. The Working Group organized a series of 5 articles highlighting the foundations and frontiers of nutritional ecology within the May/June 2025 issue of The Wildlife Professional and provided us with their list of modern foundational readings (since 2003) for this virtual issue. We then worked to gain permission to include as many of these resources as possible. The resulting virtual issue includes 6 review, synthesis, or meta-analysis articles ranging from critical reviews on the application of key methodologies, such as stable isotope analysis (Stephens et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), to outlining an integrated framework for nutritional ecology (Rauenheimer e","PeriodicalId":17504,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Wildlife Management","volume":"89 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jwmg.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}