Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Concentrations of noncortisol adrenal steroids in response to ACTH in dogs with adrenal-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism, and nonadrenal illness.","authors":"W E Monroe,&nbsp;D L Panciera,&nbsp;K L Zimmerman","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00959.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00959.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increases of adrenal hormone concentrations other than cortisol have been reported in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (HAC).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Measuring noncortisol adrenal hormone concentrations will help identify HAC in dogs. The objective was to determine plasma cortisol, androstenedione, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations during ACTH stimulation testing of dogs with clinical signs of HAC to ascertain their utility in diagnosis of the disease.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Ninety dogs with clinical findings consistent with HAC had ACTH stimulation tests performed. Results from 29 dogs were excluded from analysis because diagnoses were inconclusive for a variety of reasons. Results from 32 dogs with HAC and 29 dogs with disease other than HAC were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective observational study. Concentrations of adrenocortical hormones were determined before and 1 hour after injecting 5 μg/kg ACTH IM. Diagnoses were determined by response to therapy, histopathology or both.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Post-ACTH cortisol (P < .001), progesterone (P = .001), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (P < .001) concentrations were associated with a diagnosis of HAC. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for diagnosing HAC for post-ACTH cortisol were 84 and 59%, progesterone 88 and 55%, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone 91 and 59%, and for post-ACTH cortisol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone combined were 88 and 55%. Of 5 dogs with HAC and normal post-ACTH cortisol concentrations, 5 had increased progesterone and 4 had increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Serum progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were useful to diagnose HAC in this study, but were not more sensitive or specific than cortisol concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"945-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00959.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30699071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic yield and adverse effects of MRI-guided free-hand brain biopsies through a mini-burr hole in dogs with encephalitis.","authors":"T Flegel,&nbsp;A Oevermann,&nbsp;G Oechtering,&nbsp;K Matiasek","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00961.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00961.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The diagnosis of encephalitis is usually presumptive based on MRI, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, or both. A definitive diagnosis based on histopathology, however, is required for optimizing treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the diagnostic yield and adverse effects of minimally invasive brain biopsies in dogs with encephalitis.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Seventeen dogs with suspected encephalitis, based on MR imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study. Minimally invasive, free-hand brain biopsy specimens were taken from forebrain lesions through a 4-mm burr hole using a Sedan side-cutting needle. Routine histopathological examination was performed. The adverse effects were assessed by MRI evaluations after biopsy procedure (12/17) and by sequential neurological examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall diagnostic yield with regard to a specific type of encephalitis was 82%. Encephalitis was evident in an additional 12%, but a specific disease could not be determined. There were no deaths caused by the biopsy procedure itself, but the indirect case fatality rate was 6%. Morbidity was 29%, including stupor, seizures, tetraparesis, hemiparesis, ataxia, and loss of conscious proprioception. All these signs resolved within 3-14 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Minimally invasive brain biopsy in dogs with suspected encephalitis leads to a definite diagnosis in the majority of dogs, allowing for a specific treatment. The advantages of a definite diagnosis outweigh potential case fatality rate and temporary neurological deficits.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"969-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00961.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30698836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dirofilarial hemoptytic expectoration in 5 dogs - an uncommon manifestation of canine heartworm disease.","authors":"M Rishniw,&nbsp;A Hess,&nbsp;R Rojas,&nbsp;C Ritchie,&nbsp;A G Laws,&nbsp;T Staudt,&nbsp;D Bowman","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00955.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00955.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"1061-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00955.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30699058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trilostane dose versus body weight in the treatment of naturally occurring pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.","authors":"E C Feldman,&nbsp;P H Kass","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00956.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00956.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trilostane is commonly used in the treatment of dogs with naturally occurring pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). Dose recommendations have varied from the manufacturer and the literature.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>As body weight increases, dose/kg or dosage/day of trilostane required to control the clinical signs of PDH decreases.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>70 dogs with naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study. Each dog must have been treated for at least 6 months and should have shown a \"good response\" to trilostane, as determined by owners. Statistical comparisons of dose and dosage were made after the dogs were separated into groups weighing <15 or >15 kg; groups weighing ≤10, 10.1-20, 20.1-30, and ≥30 kg; and then groups based on body surface area versus dose/kg and total amount of trilostane required to control the condition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in trilostane dose in mg/kg of body weight or in the total amount of trilostane required daily to control clinical signs, except when the dose for dogs weighing >30 kg was compared with that for the other groups. However, despite lack of statistical significance when comparing groups, there was a significant trend using polynomial regression analysis, suggesting that as body weight increases, the amount of trilostane (mg/kg/dose as well as mg/kg/daily dosage) required to control clinical signs decreases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Dogs weighing >30 kg, and possibly those weighing >15 kg, might require smaller amounts of trilostane per dose or per day than those weighing less, to control PDH-associated clinical signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"1078-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00956.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30700300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of arterial blood gases and arterial blood pressures in brachycephalic dogs.","authors":"G L Hoareau,&nbsp;G Jourdan,&nbsp;M Mellema,&nbsp;P Verwaerde","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00941.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00941.x","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Brachycephalic dogs (BD) are prone to congenital upper airway obstruction (brachycephalic syndrome, BS). In humans suffering from sleep apnea, upper airway obstruction is known to cause hypertension. There is no information regarding the influence of BS in dogs on cardiorespiratory physiology.\u0000\u0000\u0000HYPOTHESIS\u0000BD are prone to lower P(a) O(2), higher P(a) CO (2), and hypertension compared with meso- or dolicocephalic dogs (MDD).\u0000\u0000\u0000ANIMALS\u0000Eleven BD and 11 MDD.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000After a questionnaire was completed by the owner, a physical examination was performed. Height and thoracic circumferences were measured. Arterial blood gases, electrolyte concentrations, and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressure recordings were performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 7 French and 4 English bulldogs met the inclusion criteria. The control group consisted in 6 Beagles, 2 mixed breed dogs, 1 Staffordshire Bull Terrier, 1 Parson Russell Terrier, and 1 Australian Cattle Dog. Statistically, BD had lower P(a) O(2), higher P(a) CO2, and higher PCV when compared with controls (86.2 ± 15.9 versus 100.2 ± 12.6 mmHg, P = .017; 36.3 ± 4.6 versus 32.7 ± 2.6 mmHg, P = .019; 48.2 ± 3.5 versus 44.2 ± 5.4%, P = .026, respectively). Also, they had significantly higher SAP (177.6 ± 25.0 versus 153.5 ± 21.7 mmHg, P = .013), MAP (123.3 ± 17.1 versus 108.3 ± 12.2 mmHg, P = .014), and DAP (95.3 ± 19.2 versus 83.0 ± 11.5 mmHg, P = .042). BD with a P(a) CO (2) >35 mmHg were significantly older than those with a P(a) CO (2) ≤35 mmHg (58 ± 16 and 30 ± 11 months, P = .004).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Results of this study suggest that some BD are prone to lower P(a) O(2), higher P(a) CO (2), and hypertension when compared with MDD. Age may be a contributing factor.","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"897-904"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00941.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30607831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis: potential application from experimental models and human medicine to dogs.","authors":"Caroline Mansfield","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00949.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00949.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cellular events leading to pancreatitis have been studied extensively in experimental models. Understanding the cellular events and inciting causes of the multisystem inflammatory cascades that are activated with this disease is of vital importance to advance diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Unfortunately, the pathophysiology of pancreatitis in dogs is not well understood, and extrapolation from experimental and human medicine is necessary. The interplay of the inflammatory cascades (kinin, complement, cytokine) is extremely complex in both initiating leukocyte migration and perpetuating disease. Recently, nitric oxide (NO) and altered microcirculation of the pancreas have been proposed as major initiators of inflammation. In addition, the role of the gut is becoming increasingly explored as a cause of oxidative stress and potentiation of systemic inflammation in pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"875-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00949.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30673652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythrocytic pyruvate kinase mutations causing hemolytic anemia, osteosclerosis, and secondary hemochromatosis in dogs.","authors":"G Inal Gultekin, K Raj, P Foureman, S Lehman, K Manhart, O Abdulmalik, U Giger","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00958.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00958.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Erythrocytic pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency, first documented in Basenjis, is the most common inherited erythroenzymopathy in dogs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report 3 new breed-specific PK-LR gene mutations and a retrospective survey of PK mutations in as mall and selected group of Beagles and West Highland White Terriers (WHWT).</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Labrador Retrievers (2 siblings, 5 unrelated), Pugs (2 siblings, 1 unrelated), Beagles (39 anemic, 29 other),WHWTs (22 anemic, 226 nonanemic), Cairn Terrier (n = 1).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Exons of the PK-LR gene were sequenced from genomic DNA of young dogs (<2 years) with persistent highly regenerative hemolytic anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A nonsense mutation (c.799C>T) resulting in a premature stop codon was identified in anemic Labrador Retriever siblings that had osteosclerosis, high serum ferritin concentrations, and severe hepatic secondary hemochromatosis. Anemic Pug and Beagle revealed 2 different missense mutations (c.848T>C, c.994G>A, respectively) resulting in intolerable amino acid changes to protein structure and enzyme function. Breed-specific mutation tests were developed. Among the biased group of 248 WHWTs, 9% and 35% were homozygous (affected) and heterozygous, respectively, for the previously described mutation (mutant allele frequency 0.26). A PK-deficient Cairn Terrier had the same insertion mutation as the affected WHWTs. Of the selected group of 68 Beagles, 35% were PK-deficient and 3% were carriers (0.37).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Erythrocytic PK deficiency is caused by different mutations in different dog breeds and causes chronic severe hemolytic anemia, hemosiderosis, and secondary hemochromatosis because of chronic hemolysis and, an as yet unexplained osteosclerosis. The newly developed breed-specific mutation assays simplify the diagnosis of PK deficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"935-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3650904/pdf/nihms454499.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30768606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and specificity of a blood and urine galactomannan antigen assay for diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis in dogs.","authors":"R S Garcia,&nbsp;L J Wheat,&nbsp;A K Cook,&nbsp;E J Kirsch,&nbsp;J E Sykes","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00935.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00935.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diagnosis of canine systemic aspergillosis requires fungal culture from a sterile site, or confirmatory histopathology from a nonsterile site. Invasive specimen collection techniques may be necessary.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a serum and urine Aspergillus galactomannan antigen (GMA) ELISA assay for diagnosis of systemic aspergillosis in dogs.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Multicenter study.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Thirteen dogs with systemic aspergillosis and 89 dogs with other diseases. Thirty-seven of the 89 dogs had signs that resembled those of systemic aspergillosis and 52 dogs were not suspected to have aspergillosis.</p><p><strong>Procedure: </strong>The GMA ELISA was performed on serum specimens from all dogs and urine specimens from 67 dogs. Galactomannan indices (GMI) ≥ 0.5 were considered positive. Results for dogs in each group were compared.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The sensitivity and specificity of the assay for serum were 92 and 86%, respectively, and for urine were 88 and 92%, respectively. False negatives were seen only in dogs with localized pulmonary aspergillosis. Use of a cutoff GMI of 1.5 increased specificity to 93% for both serum and urine without loss of sensitivity for diagnosis of disseminated infection. High-level false positives (> 1.5) occurred in dogs with other systemic mycoses and those treated with Plasmalyte.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Serum and urine Aspergillus GMA ELISA is a noninvasive, sensitive, and specific test for the diagnosis of disseminated aspergillosis in dogs when a cutoff GMI of ≥ 1.5 is used.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"911-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00935.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40169841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-institutional study evaluating the diagnostic utility of the spec cPL™ and SNAP® cPL™ in clinical acute pancreatitis in 84 dogs.","authors":"K McCord,&nbsp;P S Morley,&nbsp;J Armstrong,&nbsp;K Simpson,&nbsp;M Rishniw,&nbsp;M A Forman,&nbsp;D Biller,&nbsp;N Parnell,&nbsp;K Arnell,&nbsp;S Hill,&nbsp;S Avgeris,&nbsp;H Gittelman,&nbsp;M Moore,&nbsp;M Hitt,&nbsp;G Oswald,&nbsp;S Marks,&nbsp;D Burney,&nbsp;D Twedt","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00951.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00951.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreas-specific lipase is reported to aid in diagnosing acute pancreatitis (AP) in dogs but has not been rigorously evaluated clinically.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To describe variability of disease in dogs with suspected clinical AP, and to evaluate accuracy of 2 pancreatic-specific lipase immunoassays, Spec cPL (SPEC) and SNAP cPL (SNAP), in diagnosing clinical AP. We hypothesized that SPEC and SNAP provide better diagnostic accuracy than serum amylase or total lipase.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 84 dogs; 27 without AP and 57 with clinical signs associated with AP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicenter study. Dogs were prospectively enrolled based upon initial history and physical examination, then retrospectively classified into groups according to the likelihood of having clinical AP by a consensus of experts blinded to SPEC and SNAP results. Bayesian latent class analyses were used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of SPEC and SNAP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimates for test sensitivities and specificities, respectively, ranged between 91.5-94.1% and 71.1-77.5% for SNAP, 86.5-93.6% and 66.3-77.0% for SPEC (cutoff value of 200 μg/L), 71.7-77.8% and 80.5-88.0% for SPEC (cutoff value of 400 μg/L), and were 52.4-56.0% and 76.7-80.6% for amylase, and 43.4-53.6% and 89.3-92.5% for lipase.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>SNAP and SPEC have higher sensitivity for diagnosing clinical AP than does measurement of serum amylase or lipase activity. A positive SPEC or SNAP has a good positive predictive value (PPV) in populations likely to have AP and a good negative predictive value (NPV) when there is low prevalence of disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"888-96"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00951.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30673658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous hypertonic saline solution (7.5%) and oral electrolytes to treat of calves with noninfectious diarrhea and metabolic acidosis.","authors":"M L R Leal,&nbsp;S S Fialho,&nbsp;F C Cyrillo,&nbsp;H G Bertagnon,&nbsp;E L Ortolani,&nbsp;F J Benesi","doi":"10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00960.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00960.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of treating osmotic diarrhea and dehydration in calves with hypertonic saline solution (HSS) IV, isotonic electrolyte solution (IES) PO, and a combination of these 2 solutions (HSS + IES).</p><p><strong>Experimental design: </strong>Eighteen male calves 8-30 days of age were used to evaluate the efficacy of 3 methods of fluid therapy after induction of osmotic diarrhea and dehydration. The diarrhea and dehydration were induced by administration of saccharose, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide for 48 hours. The animals were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: Group 1: 7.2% hypertonic saline solution-HSS (5 mL/kg IV); Group 2: oral isotonic electrolyte solution IES (60 mL/kg PO); or Group 3: HSS+IES. Clinical signs and laboratory finding observed 48 hours post-induction (Time 0) included diarrhea, dehydration, lethargy, and metabolic acidosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Calves treated with HSS + IES experienced decreases in hematocrit, total protein concentration, albumin concentration, urea nitrogen concentration, and plasma volume as well as increases in blood pH, blood bicarbonate concentration, and central venous pressure between 1 and 3 hours post-treatment. These findings also were observed in animals treated with IES, however, at a slower rate than in the HSS + IES-treated animals. Animals treated with HSS continued to display signs of dehydration, lethargy, and metabolic acidosis 24 hours post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with a combination of HSS and IES produced rapid and sustainable correction of hypovolemia and metabolic acidosis in calves with noninfections diarrhea and dehydration.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"26 4","pages":"1042-50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00960.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30699554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}