Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of renal microvascular perfusion in dogs with cardiac disease using Superb Microvascular Imaging.","authors":"Risa Yasuda, Kensuke Nakamura, Noboru Sasaki, Nozomu Yokoyama, Kazuyoshi Sasaoka, Mei Sugawara-Suda, Sei Kawamoto, Nozomi Shiohara, Yuki Kawakami, Kei Sato, Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag198","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal dysfunction in cardiac disease is attributed to both reduced cardiac output and venous congestion; however, relative contributions of these mechanisms are difficult to evaluate clinically.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Renal microvascular perfusion assessed by Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI) would be associated with indices of cardiac output and venous congestion in dogs with cardiac disease.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Forty-three client-owned dogs were enrolled: 15 healthy dogs (Control), 21 dogs with cardiac disease but without right-sided heart failure (non-RHF), and 7 dogs with signs of right-sided heart failure (RHF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective cross-sectional observational study. SMI images were obtained from renal cortex, and mean SMI signal intensity (SMI-SI) was calculated as an index of renal perfusion. The left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral (LVOT-VTI) was used as an index of cardiac output, while caudal vena cava short-to-long axis ratio at minimal inspiratory diameter (CVC SD/LD) was used to indicate venous congestion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median SMI-SI was 41.3 (95% CI, 39.1-43.8) in Control, 21.6 (95% CI: 19.4-23.9) in non-RHF, and 18.6 (95% CI, 16.4-21.0) in RHF. Both cardiac disease groups had lower values than Control (P < .001). SMI-SI was negatively correlated with CVC SD/LD (ρ = -0.59, P < .001) and positively correlated with LVOT-VTI (ρ = 0.43, P = .007). In full multivariable analysis, only CVC SD/LD was independently associated with SMI-SI (P = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>SMI detects reduced renal microvascular perfusion in dogs with cardiac disease, which is associated with venous congestion rather than cardiac output.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized study of the effects of testosterone administration on severity of asthma in horses.","authors":"Camille Ruault, Sophie Mainguy-Seers, Laurence Leduc, Tristan Juette, Guillaume St-Jean, Jean-Pierre Lavoie","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag187","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low testosterone concentrations are associated with poor lung function in human asthmatics, and androgen administration improves airway obstruction in women with asthma.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Testosterone improves clinical scores, lung function, airway neutrophilia, and airway remodeling in horses with severe asthma.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Ten horses affected by severe asthma from a research herd.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, blinded, crossover study, horses received dexamethasone (0.06 mg/kg PO q24h for 10 days) or a single intramuscular injection of testosterone cypionate (0.35 mg/kg), with a 2-week washout period. Clinical respiratory scores were assessed at days 0, 2, 5, and 10; lung function was evaluated at days 0, 5, and 10; and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology and central airway remodeling at days 0 and 10. Mixed linear models were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The respiratory clinical scores improved with dexamethasone administration (median [95% CI], from 12 (9-13) to 5 (3-6), P < .001), and remained unchanged with testosterone administration (from 10 [8-12] to 9 [8-11], P = .6). Pulmonary elastance improved with both treatments, but the effect was more pronounced with dexamethasone administration (from 5.1 cm H2O/L [2.4-5.8] to 0.5 [0.4-0.8], P < .001) than with testosterone administration (from 4.5 cm H2O/L [1.6-8.5] to 3.0 [1.0-4.1], P = .04). Pleural pressure and pulmonary resistance decreased only with dexamethasone. Neither treatment altered airway neutrophilia or bronchial remodeling.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Testosterone is less effective than dexamethasone and only mildly improves pulmonary elastance in horses with severe asthma.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: citation clarification regarding feline eltrombopag in the ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats.","authors":"Dana N LeVine, Robert Goggs, Barbara Kohn, Andrew J Mackin, Linda Kidd, Oliver A Garden, Marjory B Brooks, Erin R B Eldermire, Anthony Abrams-Ogg, Elizabeth H Appleman, Todd M Archer, Domenico Bianco, Shauna L Blois, Benjamin M Brainard, Mary Beth Callan, Claire L Fellman, Jillian M Haines, Anne S Hale, Alice A Huang, John M Lucy, Shana K O'Marra, Elizabeth A Rozanski, John M Thomason, Jenny E Walton, Helen E Wilson","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag214","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum pancreatic lipase activity in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease.","authors":"Chongho Kim, Yeon Chae, Taesik Yun, Byeong-Teck Kang, Hakhyun Kim","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag218","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag218","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Previous studies have evaluated the association between myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and pancreatic lipase activity, but medications remain unconsidered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hypothesis/objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Elevated serum pancreatic lipase activity is related to cardiac medication in dogs with MMVD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Animals: &lt;/strong&gt;Eighty-two client-owned dogs without clinical signs of pancreatitis (MMVD, n = 67 [stage B1 = 24; stage B2 = 22; non-medicated stage C = 9; medicated stage C = 12]; controls, n = 15).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Retrospective cross-sectional study. Dogs were classified into MMVD stage and control groups. Serum pancreatic lipase activity was compared among groups, and correlation and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In non-medicated dogs, pancreatic lipase activity did not differ among groups. In contrast, medicated stage C dogs had higher pancreatic lipase activity than controls (median difference, 67.5 U/L; 95% CI, 19.0-184.0), stage B1 (57.0 U/L; 95% CI, 12.0-145.0), stage B2 (65.8 U/L; 95% CI, 18.0-156.0), and non-medicated stage C (58.0 U/L; 95% CI, 9.0-268.0). Moreover, 25% (3/12) of medicated stage C dogs had pancreatic lipase activity exceeding 400 U/L, whereas no non-medicated stage C dogs reached this threshold. Pancreatic lipase activity was positively correlated with furosemide (ρ = 0.67) and duration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ρ = 0.62) administration. In multivariable analysis, medication was the independent predictor of pancreatic lipase activity in dogs with MMVD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and clinical importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Pancreatic lipase activity might be elevated in some dogs with MMVD receiving cardiac medications, highlighting the importance of considering medication history in clinical interpretation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract (korean): &lt;/strong&gt;배경: 기존 연구에서 개의 점액종성 승모판막질병(myxomatous mitral valve disease, MMVD)과 혈청 췌장 라이페이스 활성도의 연관성이 평가되었으나, 심장약물이 혈청 라이페이스 활성도에 미치는 영향은 고려되지 않았다. 가설: MMVD에 이환된 개에서 혈청 췌장 라이페이스 활성도의 증가는 심장약물 투여와 관련이 있을 것이다. 연구대상: 췌장염의 임상증상이 없는 개 82마리를 대상으로 하였다(MMVD 67마리 [Stage B1 = 24마리, Stage B2 = 22마리, 심장약물을 투여 받지 않은 Stage C = 9마리, 심장약물을 투여 받은 Stage C = 12마리]와 대조군 15마리). 연구방법: 후향적 단면연구를 수행하였다. 연구대상 개를 MMVD 단계 및 대조군으로 분류하였다. 그룹 간 혈청 췌장 라이페이스 활성도를 비교하였으며, 상관분석과 다변량 선형회귀분석을 수행하였다. 결과: 심장약물을 투여 받지 않은 개에서는 그룹 간 췌장 라이페이스 활성도에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 반면, 심장약물을 투여 받은 Stage C 개에서는 대조군(중앙값 차이 67.5 U/L; 95% 신뢰구간 [CI], 19.0-184.0), Stage B1(57.0 U/L; 95% CI, 12.0-145.0), Stage B2(65.8 U/L; 95% CI, 18.0-156.0) 및 심장약물을 투여 받지 않은 Stage C(58.0 U/L; 95% CI, 9.0-268.0)에 비해 췌장 라이페이스 활성도가 높았다. 또한 심장약물을 투여 받은 Stage C 개의 25%(3/12)에서 췌장 라이페이스 활성도가 400 U/L를 초과한 반면, 심장약물을 투여 받지 않은 Stage C 개에서는 400 U/L를 초과한 개가 없었다. 췌장 라이페이스 활성도는 푸로세마이드 투여기간(ρ = 0.67) 및 안지오텐신-전환 효소 억제제 투여기간(ρ = 0.62)과 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 다변량 분석에서 심장약물 투여는 MMVD 개의 췌장 라이페이스 활성도와 독립적 연관 요인이었다. 결론 및 임상적 의의: 심장약물을 투여 받는 일부 MMVD 개에서 췌장 라이페이스 활성도가 증가할 수 있으 므로, ","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary hyperparathyroidism in a 4-month-old German Shepherd mixed breed dog.","authors":"Juan Aires-Serrano, Jerry Shimali, Jade Renard, Frances Bird, Alenka Hrovat","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 4-month-old female-intact German Shepherd mixed breed dog was evaluated for polyuria, polydipsia, oral discomfort, tachypnea, and pyrexia. Blood testing documented total and ionized hypercalcemia with an increased parathyroid hormone concentration. Computed tomography identified bone abnormalities of the mandibule and mild, diffuse pulmonary changes. Ultrasonography of the neck documented one mildly enlarged parathyroid gland that was surgically removed. Histopathology indicated diffuse chief cell hyperplasia. The ionized calcium concentration normalized within 7 days postoperatively.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An observational retrospective study of online owner perceptions of diet-related health signs in dogs using social media listening.","authors":"Jasmeen P Kaur, Teresa Hollands, Ciara Clarke, Georgina Tarrant, Taran Rai, Travis Street, Kevin Wells, Susan K Armstrong","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dog owners increasingly link health to diet type, and the pet food market has diversified beyond kibble/canned diets (KC) to raw and fresh diets (FD; human-grade, gently/mildly cooked, and home-cooked). However, it remains unclear which owner-reported health-related signs (ORHS) are associated with dietary changes, including KC-FD transitions. Social media listening (SML) enables large-scale capture of naturally-occurring online owner discussions.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Investigate owner perceptions of diet-related ORHS in dogs within online discourse using SML.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational, retrospective study of 21 896 KC and 2336 FD online posts (>96% from Reddit) collected using Pulsar Platform™ (January 1, 2025 to July 3, 2025). After preprocessing and large language model (LLM)-based zero-shot filtering, 8040 KC and 924 FD posts were analyzed using LLM-assisted topic modeling and dictionary-based ORHS quantification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Topic modeling identified recurrent themes across KC (number of topics [k] = 7, coherence score [Cv] = 0.58) and FD (k = 6, Cv = 0.44) posts. Owners discussed diet as both the perceived cause and management strategy for gastrointestinal (GI), dermatologic, allergy/intolerance, appetite, and body condition ORHS, alongside decision uncertainties. Gastrointestinal (2286/8040, 28.4%; 282/924, 30.5%) and allergy/intolerance (1932/8040, 24.0%; 194/924, 21.0%) ORHS predominated within KC and FD posts, respectively; allergy/intolerance co-occurred with skin/coat (478/918, 52.1%; 57/114, 50.0%), and GI with allergy/intolerance (476/1,932, 24.6%; 68/194, 35.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Our study demonstrates the feasibility of SML-LLM-assisted analysis for capturing diet-related ORHS in online dog owner discourse. The study captured owner perceptions rather than clinically verified outcomes, highlighting the need for future studies to align ORHS with clinically validated endpoints to support veterinary nutrition discussions and informed owner decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149269477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors and long-term prognosis of catheter-associated thrombophlebitis in neonatal foals.","authors":"Astrid J van den Brom-Spierenburg, Florine A C Boer, Mathijs J P Theelen, Esther W Siegers, Marianne M Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, Cornélie M Westermann","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thrombophlebitis is a possible complication of the use of indwelling catheters in hospitalized neonatal foals. Limited data are available concerning associated risk factors, and long-term prognosis regarding vein patency is currently unknown.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Identify risk factors for catheter-associated thrombophlebitis in neonatal foals and assess long-term prognosis in a small subset.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Two hundred twenty-three foals < 31 days of age, hospitalized in Utrecht University Equine Hospital between 2019 and 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of medical records. Foals that received an indwelling intravenous catheter and lived for at least two subsequent days were included. Odds ratios were determined, using logistic regression, for factors potentially associated with thrombophlebitis. Owners of affected horses were contacted, and horses available for follow-up were visited for clinical evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one foals (9.4%) developed catheter-associated thrombophlebitis. In a multivariable model, hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU, OR 5.2, 95%CI 1.5-19.7), diarrhea (OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.4-17.3), Friesian breed (OR 4.1, 95%CI 1.1-13.9) and dwell time over four days (OR 3.9, 95%CI 1.3-14.8) were significantly associated with thrombophlebitis development. Seventeen affected foals survived to discharge. Eight horses, aged five months to five years, were available for follow-up by clinical evaluation and demonstrated appropriate blood flow.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Risk factors for developing catheter-associated thrombophlebitis in hospitalized neonatal foals were identified. This knowledge can aid in implementation of preventive measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13695448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149269519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic utility of trigeminocervical reflex and quantitative sensory testing in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking.","authors":"Melanie J Käfer-Karrer, Claudia Spadavecchia, Mathieu de Preux, Lucia Unger","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag199","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Assessment of trigeminal nerve (TN) function in horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking (TMHS) using trigeminocervical reflex (TCR) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) has not been investigated.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Horses with TMHS show lower TCR and QST thresholds than controls. A subset shows left-to-right differences.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Privately owned horses with TMHS (n = 12) and secondary headshaking (sHS; n = 4), from a referral hospital. Headshaking-free controls (n = 14), from the hospital's teaching herd or privately owned.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective case-control-study. In unsedated horses, TCR was assessed using an automated threshold-tracking device via infraorbital nerve stimulation with concurrent splenic muscle electromyography. QST included evaluation of mechanical nociceptive, tactile sensory, and thermal nociceptive thresholds, assessed bilaterally at 2 sites. Group comparisons used t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests. Univariate logistic regression assessed TCR and QST as predictors of TMHS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Horses with TMHS had significantly lower TCR thresholds than controls (0.82 ± 0.22 mA vs. 1.16 ± 0.30 mA, Hedges' g = 1.24, 95% CI, 0.41-2.06, t = -3.31, P = .003), and logistic regression predicting TMHS showed good performance (R2 of 0.73, area under the curve of 0.83). No significant left-to-right differences were identified. In sHS horses, lower thresholds were observed on the affected side. QST revealed no significant differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Lower TCR thresholds support altered TN function in TMHS. TCR might be a useful adjunct diagnostic tool, whereas QST did not identify affected horses, reflecting heterogeneous somatosensory phenotypes or limited sensitivity of the QST protocol.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533209/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of trilostane treatment on proteinuria secondary to spontaneous hypercortisolism in dogs.","authors":"Filippo Tagliasacchi, Federico Fracassi, Maddalena Poli, Laura Dalla Tomba, Stefania Golinelli, Antonio Maria Tardo, Francesca Del Baldo","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag189","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proteinuria is reported in 68%-71% of dogs with spontaneous hypercortisolism (HC). The long-term effect of trilostane on HC-associated proteinuria remains poorly documented.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of trilostane on proteinuria in dogs with HC and identify potential clinical, anamnestic, and analytical differences between responders and nonresponders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective longitudinal cohort study including dogs with proteinuric HC treated exclusively with trilostane. Clinical history and laboratory data at diagnosis (T0) were retrieved. When available, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC), disease clinical score (DCS), blood pressure (BP), and daily trilostane dosage (TD) were recorded at 30, 90, 180, and 365 days (T30, T90, T180, and T365) after treatment initiation. Dogs achieving a ≥ 50% UPC reduction or a final UPC < 0.5 were defined as \"responders.\"</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred sixty dogs met inclusion criteria: 89% had pituitary-dependent HC and 10% adrenal-dependent HC. At diagnosis, 64% were proteinuric. A significant UPC reduction over time occurred (P = .0005; F(4,153.9) = 5.26), with statistically significant decreases at T90 (P = .020; difference, 1.093; 95% CI, 0.115-2.071), T180 (P = .031; difference, 1.122; 95% CI, 0.064-2.181), and T365 (P = .002; difference, 1.599; 95% CI, 0.436-2.761) compared to baseline. At the last follow-up, 76 dogs were evaluable; 48% were responders and had lower median DCS, BP, and TD (P = .029, P = .025, and P = .048, respectively) than nonresponders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Trilostane induces a significant and sustained reduction in proteinuria in some dogs with spontaneous HC, evident from 3 months of treatment. Responders exhibit better control of hypertension and clinical signs despite lower TD. Nonresponders account for 52% of proteinuric dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming growth factor-β in kidney disease in dogs and cats: a review of the evidence of its role in renal fibrosis.","authors":"Rachel E Cianciolo, Jonathan Elliott, Mary B Nabity, Jonathan D Foster, Dylan T Ammons, Katrina Bartas, Tracey Williams, Elizabeth A VanBeelen, Lindsay Weaver","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag206","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing body of literature implicates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats by promoting renal fibrosis. In rodents and humans, TGF-β is a key player in development of glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. The pathway is also immunomodulatory, underscoring the complexity of its downstream effects. Recently, evidence for the role of TGF-β in small animal CKD has been presented using multiple methodologies, including serum and urinary biomarkers, as well as gene and protein expression in renal tissue and primary renal cell cultures. The aim of this review is to integrate these data and highlight consistencies and discrepancies in the literature. Some of the most convincing data supporting the role of the TGF-β pathway includes biomarker levels and pathway analysis of transcriptional profiles in spontaneous CKD in cats and in the X-linked Alport model in dogs. Demonstration of the presence of TGF-β protein is challenging due to lack of commercially available immunohistochemistry (IHC) antibodies that are sensitive and specific for active variants and isoforms TGF-β in dogs and cats. Cross-reactivity of IHC antibodies with latent TGF-β isoforms (complexed with extracellular matrix proteins) complicates the interpretation of IHC labeling. The mechanisms by which TGF-β activates fibroblasts and injures glomeruli in small animals is an area for future research. Although the relationship between TGF-β and glomerulosclerosis is mostly theoretical based on extrapolation from humans and rodents, substantial evidence strongly supports a role for TGF-β in renal interstitial scarring of small animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13591479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149012731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}