Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of basal cortisol and the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test in 982 dogs undergoing investigation for hypoadrenocorticism.","authors":"Adrien Joaquim Da Silva, Sydney A Barton, Robert E Shiel, Carmel T Mooney","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag188","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is the gold standard test for diagnosing hypoadrenocorticism. However, basal cortisol is recommended for screening but fails to consider the effect of analytical variation and previous glucocorticoid therapy on test performance and additional information that a stimulation test could provide.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To investigate the effect of varied cut-offs and previous glucocorticoid therapy on the diagnostic performance of basal cortisol and whether ACTH stimulation test results impart additional prognostic information.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Fifty-five and 927 hospitalized dogs with and without hypoadrenocorticism, respectively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case record analysis of dogs undergoing ACTH stimulation testing. Cortisol concentrations were compared between glucocorticoid-exposed (GS, n = 198) and non-exposed (NGS, n = 729) groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Basal cortisol concentrations ≤ 2.0 μg/dL were significantly (P < .0001) more common in the GS (n = 91, 46.0%) than in the NGS group (n = 226, 31.0%). False-positive flat-line ACTH stimulation test results occurred in 11 (1.2%) dogs. Basal cortisol ≤ 2.0 μg/dL demonstrated imperfect diagnostic sensitivity (98.2%; 95% CI, 90.3%-100%) and poor specificity (65.8%; 95% CI, 62.7%-68.9%). Increasing the cut-off from 2.0 to 2.4, 2.7, or 3.1 μg/dL improved diagnostic sensitivity at the expense of specificity. In the NGS group, basal > 7.0 μg/dL, post-ACTH > 15.6 μg/dL, and delta < 5.3 μg/dL cortisol concentrations were associated with increased risk of not surviving to discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Higher basal cortisol concentration cut-offs (>2 μg/dL) maximize test sensitivity to the detriment of specificity. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test results rule out hypoadrenocorticism in the majority of dogs and can provide prognostic information.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541279/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity in dogs: prevalence, association with underlying disorders, laboratory variables, and survival.","authors":"Anne M Tesseraux, Judith Howard, Laureen M Peters","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag237","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low blood butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity is associated with obesity, pancreatitis, inflammation, sepsis, and malignancy in people, often with negative prognostic value. The clinical relevance of BChE activity in dogs remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Describe the prevalence of low BChE activity in a large population of dogs and its association with selected underlying disorders, outcome, and clinicopathological variables. We hypothesized that low BChE activity would be associated with inflammatory disorders and a negative outcome.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 950 client-owned dogs presented to a university teaching hospital with BChE activity measured within 24 h of admission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective observational study of clinical records and laboratory data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Admission BChE activities ranged from 482 to 17 348 U/L (median, 4553 U/L; interquartile range [IQR], 3485-5926 U/L) and were below reference intervals (RI) in 83 of 950 dogs (8.7%) at admission and in 53 of 207 (25.6%) dogs with repeat in-hospital measurements. Low BChE activity was associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis, but the predictive value was lower than that of C-reactive protein (CRP). Low admission BChE activity was associated with increased odds of non-survival, lower hematocrit and cholesterol concentrations and increased band neutrophil percentages, but no associations were found with obesity, acute pancreatitis, or malignancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Activity of BChE behaves as a negative inflammatory marker in dogs, but its utility as a standalone clinical classifier for SIRS or sepsis is limited and inferior to CRP. Low BChE activity is associated with poor prognosis but is not an independent predictor of outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149128130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melioidosis in dogs and cats: 18 cases.","authors":"Ziyue Sharon Lim, Kent Soon, Nicholas Neo, Jose Labrador, Darren Kelly","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical manifestations and outcomes in dogs and cats with melioidosis have not been described.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Describe the presenting signs, treatment, and outcome of dogs and cats with melioidosis.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Fifteen dogs and 3 cats from a hospital in Singapore.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case series. A hospital database search was performed to identify dogs with melioidosis presenting over a 5-year period. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, test results, treatment, and outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diagnosis was based on positive bacterial culture and identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei in all cases. At presentation, 13/15 (87%) had systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), 10/15 (67%) were septic, and 3/15 (20%) had septic shock. In dogs, 8/15 (53%) had multiple cutaneous abscesses or open wounds, and 6/15 (40%) had prostatitis or prostatic abscessation. In cats, 2/3 had osteomyelitis and 1/3 had pyelonephritis. Of the cases, 5/15 (33%) dogs and none of the cats were considered potentially immunocompromised. Of the 17 cases with >4 weeks of follow-up, death or euthanasia attributed to melioidosis occurred in 8/17 (47%). Of the surviving 9/17 (53%) animals, 6 were alive after 1 month (range, 1-43 months) and 3 died or were euthanized for reasons unrelated to melioidosis, with median follow-up duration of 724 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Melioidosis should be considered in dogs with prostatitis or cutaneous abscesses, and in cats with osteomyelitis. Initial treatment with ceftazidime or meropenem, followed by 3-6 months of trimethoprim-sulfonamide (TMPS) might be optimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13625640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma proteomic profiling in dogs with pheochromocytoma.","authors":"Marit F van den Berg, Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas, Pavlos G Doulidis, Luciano Pisoni, Iwan A Burgener, Sara Galac","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag212","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) in dogs are challenging to diagnose. Plasma proteomics offers a minimally invasive approach to identify circulating biomarkers and disease-relevant pathways.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>To compare the plasma proteome of dogs with PCC and controls to (1) identify differentially abundant proteins, (2) characterize altered pathways, and (3) nominate candidate circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Plasma from 10 client-owned PCC dogs and 10 healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multicenter, retrospective, observational, exploratory study using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Primary outcomes were the identification of differentially abundant proteins and characterization of altered pathways and protein functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Principal component analysis demonstrated clear separation between PCC and control dogs. Of 261 reliably quantified proteins, 51 were differentially abundant (false discovery rate-adjusted P < .05). Of these, 33 had a log2 fold change of >1 or < -1, with 15 showing higher and 18 lower plasma abundance in PCC. Compared with controls, PCC dogs showed increased abundance of proteins linked to cell adhesion/migration and metastatic potential, hemostasis, and regulation of apoptotic signaling, alongside alterations in oxidative stress and metabolic processes. Several proteins with higher abundance, including CD44, peroxiredoxin-2, and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic exploration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Dogs with PCC exhibit a distinct circulating protein signature vs healthy controls, providing clues to PCC pathogenesis and nominating proteins as diagnostic biomarker candidates and potential therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149017148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Renal dysplasia in horses: 25 cases (1991-2021).","authors":"Camilo J Morales, Monica Aleman, Emily Berryhill, K Gary Magdesian","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag165","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Renal dysplasia (RD) is a congenital malformation with variable clinical expression and limited characterization in horses.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>We hypothesized that RD occurs in horses across a broad age range and may be overrepresented in specific breeds. Our objective was to describe clinical, clinicopathologic, and histopathologic findings in horses with RD.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Twenty-five horses with RD identified from a veterinary teaching hospital between 1991 and 2021. Horses included neonates, young horses, and adults, with ages ranging from 0 days to 24 years and representing multiple breeds and both sexes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective case series including review of laboratory data, ultrasonographic findings, treatment, outcome, and histopathology. Breed prevalence was assessed using Fisher's exact test. Outcomes included age and breed distribution, clinical and laboratory abnormalities, and diagnostic findings associated with RD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Renal dysplasia was bilateral in 84% of cases and diffuse in 68%. Eleven horses (44%) had RD as an incidental necropsy finding. Clinical signs were more common in neonates, with azotemia in 64% and hyponatremia in 37%. Neurologic signs were reported in 58% of neonates. Paint horses (odds ratio [OR]: 21.3; 95% CI, 8.0-56.7) and Miniature horses (OR: 12.9; 95% CI, 4.4-37.7) were overrepresented compared with all other breeds combined (P < .0001). Histopathologic findings included primitive mesenchyme (32%), retention of fetal glomeruli (24%), and tubular dysplasia (24%). RD was confirmed by biopsy in one horse; in 2 others, biopsy findings were suggestive but not definitive, requiring necropsy confirmation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Renal dysplasia affects a variety of breeds and ages of horses, including both sexes. Paint horses and Miniature horses were overrepresented. Renal dysplasia ranges from subclinical to causing severe kidney disease. Affected neonatal foals are more likely to have clinical signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149148877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raising the bar: updated study design and statistics guidelines for the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.","authors":"Erin Lashnits, Andrew P Woodward, James C Meyer","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag251","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and molecular genetic description of a Marfan-like syndrome in a Golden Retriever puppy.","authors":"Harrison T Lennertz, Megan E McClosky, Maria Del Mar Fuentes, Jessica K Niggel, Margret L Casal, Leonardo Murgiano","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic fibrillin disorder causing cardiac, ocular, and musculoskeletal pathology; it is not well reported on in dogs, with minimal descriptions of antemortem diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Use whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to diagnose a dog with suspected MFS to guide prognostication and potential treatment.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A client-owned, 10-month-old Golden Retriever presented with signs of possible connective tissue disorder. Blood and DNA samples from a non-affected German Shepherd-Beagle mix and 160 unrelated Golden Retrievers were used as controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Physical examination, blood collection, and radiography were performed on the dog while at the hospital. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on DNA from the affected dog. Genetic analysis focused on single-nucleotide variants, small insertion-deletions, and structural variants to detect potential disease-causing genetic variants in the genome, prioritizing candidate genes. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and Sanger sequencing of a suspected region were carried out to confirm presence of the candidate pathogenic variant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dog was presented for cardiology consultation and had clinical signs of cardiac enlargement, pneumothorax, and joint hypermobility. After genetic analysis, a 3618 base pair deletion encompassing exon 24 of the FBN1 gene on 1 allele was detected (NC_049251.1:g.14998228_15001846del), likely causing an in-frame deletion in the coding sequence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>Physical and complementary examination findings are suggestive of MFS and associated with a causal deletion variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13626598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal phaeohyphomycosis in a cat caused by Cladophialophora boppii.","authors":"Julia McCarthy, Monica Augusto, Emma O'Neill, Ignacio Otero Balda, Eleanor Wyatt","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phaeohyphomycosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi, typically affecting the cutaneous or subcutaneous tissues of the facial region and distal extremities in cats. This report documents a case of Cladophialophora boppii infection in a cat. A 7-year-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented with a chronic, pigmented nasal lesion, non-productive sneezing, and stertor. Computed tomography, rhinoscopy, and tissue sampling were performed. Fungal culture and molecular sequencing confirmed the diagnosis. Oral itraconazole treatment failed to arrest progression, necessitating delayed nasal planectomy. Despite transient remission, disease recurred, requiring repeat surgical debridement, and prolonged antifungal treatment. Clinical resolution was ultimately achieved, with marked improvement in the cat's quality of life. Identification of a novel species of phaeohyphomycosis in a cat emphasizes the need for increased awareness of emerging fungal pathogens that can precipitate considerable morbidity, particularly in the absence of prompt aggressive intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13633654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminatory performance of total calcium for ionized hypocalcemia and factors affecting ionized calcium in Assaf ewes during the pre- and post-lambing periods.","authors":"Kenan Ç Tümer, Sébastien Buczinski, Serkan Bozaci, Ömer Deniz, Tarik Şafak, Berrak I Deniz, Abdullah Şimşek, Thomas Wittek","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag202","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Total calcium concentration (tCa) poorly reflects ionized hypocalcemia across species, and multiple factors influence ionized calcium concentration (iCa2+). These relationships have not been evaluated in Assaf ewes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis/objectives: </strong>Assess the diagnostic accuracy of tCa for detecting hypocalcemia and identify factors associated with iCa2+ during pre- and post-lambing periods.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A total of 105 clinically healthy multiparous Assaf ewes from a commercial flock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective observational study. Venous blood samples were collected during pre- and post-lambing periods. Blood gas-electrolytes (pH, pCO₂, pO₂, HCO₃-, TCO₂, Na+, K+, iCa2+) and biochemical analyses (total protein, albumin, tCa, magnesium, phosphorus, β-hydroxybutyrate [BHB], glucose, alkaline phosphatase) were performed. Discriminatory performance of tCa was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Variables associated with iCa2+ were assessed using multiple linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the pre-lambing period, tCa showed moderate diagnostic performance (AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.87; sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 80%) at a cutoff of ≤ 2.42 mmol/L, whereas performance was poor for the post-lambing period (AUC, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.47-0.70; sensitivity, 97%; specificity, 31%) at ≤ 2.77 mmol/L. In multiple regression, tCa, BHB, pCO₂, and pO₂ were associated with iCa2+ during pre-lambing (adjusted R2 = 0.27, P < .001), whereas tCa, BHB, phosphorus, albumin, and Na+ were associated with the post-lambing period (adjusted R2 = 0.25, P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and clinical importance: </strong>iCa2+ varied by production stage and was influenced by several physiologic variables. Direct measurement of iCa2+ should be prioritized to improve the accuracy of hypocalcemia assessment in Assaf ewes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter regarding \"ACVIM-endorsed statement: consensus statement and systematic review on guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory enteropathy in dogs\".","authors":"Sara A Jablonski, M Katherine Tolbert","doi":"10.1093/jvimsj/aalag241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17462,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13660473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}