{"title":"Examining the effect of virtual reality application on pain and anxiety in the care of chronic wounds on the leg","authors":"Zehra Belhan , Rabia Muhan , Mehmet Emin Aksoy , Emre Ozker , Vesile Unver","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In recent years, virtual reality applications have begun to be used in many areas of the healthcare (education, treatment, etc.). It has been observed that it reduces pain and anxiety by distracting individuals during painful procedures.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The study was conducted in a wound care clinic between September 2022 and 2024 with a randomized controlled experimental design. 71 patients with chronic wounds on their legs who came to the clinic for care were randomly divided into two groups. While virtual reality glasses were applied to the patients in the experimental group during wound care, patients in the control group received standard care. Pain and anxiety levels of both groups were evaluated before and after dressing. The symptoms of patients using virtual reality glasses were examined.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The data of 71 patients who had chronic wounds on their legs and came to the clinic for dressing were analyzed. The majority of the patients were male patients with an average age in their sixties. Most of the patients had diabetes for a long time (intervention group 19,85 ± 12,31, control group 18,96 ± 12,38) and their wounds were diabetic feet. There was no statistically significant difference in pain (Z = −,857∗∗∗; p = ,391) and anxiety levels (t = 1,94; p = ,057) between the groups before and after the procedure.</div></div><div><h3>Conclussion</h3><div>It was determined that the use of virtual reality application during dressing of patients with chronic wounds on their legs did not have a significant effect on pain and anxiety. However, no serious symptoms were observed in the patients regarding the use of virtual reality glasses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incidence and risk factors of medical adhesive-related skin injuries in outpatients with peripherally inserted central catheters","authors":"Qi Xia , Xin Chen , QingHua Ma , DingDing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Skin exposed to the adhesives to protect catheters is prone to Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injuries (MARSI). Occurrence of these injuries and the risk factors have not been estimated previously in outpatients with peripherally inserted central catheters. The primary aim of this study was to delineate the characteristics of MARSI and quantify 3 types of incidence rates of MARSI among outpatients with PICC placements.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study sample included 299 outpatients with PICC placements from October to December 2020. The data were collected at the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences&Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital in Chengdu, China.A three-month cross-sectional survey was conducted at the PICC center of a tertiary general hospital in Western China to analyze the occurrence of MARSI at the catheterization site and related factors. Professional nurses observed and assessed skin conditions during catheter maintenance and collected patient data that could be associated with MARSI occurrence. The relationship between independent variables and MARSI was statistically analyzed using multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among outpatients with peripherally inserted central catheters,the incidence rate of MARSI was 14.7 %. Statistical analysis revealed that maintenance personnel (χ<sup>2</sup> = 8.683, P = 0.003), MARSI history (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.332, P = 0.037), external fixation devices (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.227, P = 0.04) were significantly associated with the occurrence of MARSI. Moreover, patients over the age of 50 (χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.183, P = 0.041) and the use of transparent dressing (χ<sup>2</sup> = 6.782, P = 0.009) were found to be associated with tension injuries. A multivariate analysis showed that the use of external fixation devices (OR, 2.987; 95 % CI, 1.044 to 8.547; P = 0.041) was an independent risk factor for MARSI.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Patients with PICC in the outpatient department are at a high risk of developing MARSI. To prevent and control MARSI,it is essential to enhance the professional skills of maintenance staff and to pay special attention to patients with a history of MARSI and those over the age of 50. Additionally,the use of external fixation devices and transparent dressings should also be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100875"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cinthia Viana Bandeira da Silva , Dimitri Beeckman , Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia Santos
{"title":"Nurses' knowledge of skin tears: A cross-sectional survey study across four hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"Cinthia Viana Bandeira da Silva , Dimitri Beeckman , Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess and analyze nurses' knowledge regarding Skin Tears (STs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An observational, exploratory, and cross-sectional study was conducted across four hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil, encompassing diverse settings: two public hospitals (one affiliated with a university and the other serving state public service professionals) and two private hospitals (one specializing in highly complex cases and the other a general hospital). Data collection involved two instruments: one for sample characterization and another, the OASES instrument, which was translated and content-validated for use in Brazilian Portuguese, to assess nurses' knowledge on STs. Data were analyzed using measures of central tendency and variability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 179 nurses, with an average score of 10.83 (SD = 3.32). Higher knowledge levels were observed in nurses who had received training on STs (p = 0.003) and those who participated in scientific activities (p < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Nurses across the four hospitals in São Paulo demonstrated a level of knowledge about STs that was slightly higher compared to international benchmarks in similar studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100874"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pinar Avsar , Zena Moore , Declan Patton , Tom O'Connor , Lone Skoubo Bertelsen , Desmond J. Tobin , Giulio Brunetti , Keryln Carville , Vignesh Iyer , Hannah Wilson
{"title":"Exploring physiological differences in injury response by skin tone: A scoping review","authors":"Pinar Avsar , Zena Moore , Declan Patton , Tom O'Connor , Lone Skoubo Bertelsen , Desmond J. Tobin , Giulio Brunetti , Keryln Carville , Vignesh Iyer , Hannah Wilson","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To explore existing literature examining physiological differences in pressure ulcer response among individuals with differing skin tones.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a scoping review. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved from electronic databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE, using the keywords \"pressure ulcer,\" \"skin pigmentation,\" \"melanin,\" and \"risk factor.\" Data were extracted using a predesigned data extraction tool and analysed using a narrative synthesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five papers met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of findings suggests there are potential mechanisms which may influence the skin's ability to withstand mechanical stress and its inflammatory response to damage among those with different skin tones; the structure of the stratum corneum, collagen density, fibroblast activity, mast cell density, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The stratum corneum can compromise skin resilience, while collagen density and fibroblast activity may impact skin strength and repair. Mast cells affect inflammation, which can exacerbate pressure ulcer damage, and increased TEWL in those with dark skin tones can result in lower water content in the stratum corneum, affecting hydration.Conversely, factors like melanosome size, hair follicle and hair fiber characteristics, sebaceous gland activity, vitamin D production, UVR protection, and desquamation rate, although relevant to overall skin health, may not directly affect the mechanical processes leading to pressure ulcer formation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Physiological differences in skin structure may contribute to alterations in the response to pressure ulcer development among individuals with dark skin. Recognising these differences is important for targeted prevention strategies within diverse populations. However, further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this association in greater detail.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manouchehr Avatef Fazeli , Masoumeh Amiri , Gelavizh Rostaminasab , Vahid Akbaripour , Abdolhamid Mikaeili , Mohammad Othman , Leila Rezakhani
{"title":"Application of decellularized tissues in ear regeneration","authors":"Manouchehr Avatef Fazeli , Masoumeh Amiri , Gelavizh Rostaminasab , Vahid Akbaripour , Abdolhamid Mikaeili , Mohammad Othman , Leila Rezakhani","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More than 5 % of people worldwide suffer from hearing disorders. Ototoxic drugs, aging, exposure to loud sounds, rupture, subperichondrial hematoma, perichondritis, burns and frostbite and infections are the main causes of hearing loss, some of which can destroy the cartilage and lead to deformation. On the other hand, disorders of the external ear are diverse and can range from dangerous neoplasms to defects that are not acceptable from a cosmetic standpoint. These issues include injuries, blockages, dermatoses, and infections, and any or all of them may be bothersome to the busy doctor. Using an implant or hearing aid is one of the treatment strategies for deafness. However, these medical devices are not useful for every eligible patient. With the right therapy, many of these issues are not life-threatening and can be treated with confidence in a positive outcome. As medical research and treatment have advanced dramatically in the past ten years, tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising method to regenerate damaged tissue, raising the prospect of a permanent cure for deafness. Decellularization is now seen as a promising development for regenerative medicine, and an increasing number of applications are being found for acellular matrices. Studies on decellularization show that natural scaffolds made from decellularized tissues can serve as a suitable platform while preserving the main components, and the preparation of such scaffolds will be an important part of future bioscience research. It can have wide applications in regenerative medicine and TE. This review intends to give an overview of the status of research and alternative scaffolds in inner and outer ear regenerative medicine from both a preclinical and clinical perspective for ear disorders in order to show how ongoing TE research has the potential to advance and enhance novel disease treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100870"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saba Samari , Mohammad Reza Farahpour , Zohreh Ghazi Tabatabaei
{"title":"Accelerative effect of Carbazole nanocubosomes on the healing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected full-thickness wounds","authors":"Saba Samari , Mohammad Reza Farahpour , Zohreh Ghazi Tabatabaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bacterial infections remain a major challenge in the treatment of infected wounds due to their resistance. Novel agents are urgently needed for effective treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of carbazole nanocubosomes on the healing of methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA)-infected full-thickness wounds.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Carbazole (Carbz) and cubosome/carbazole (Cubo/Carbz) structures were synthesized, and their physicochemical properties, toxicity, and in vitro antibacterial activities were assessed. The wound healing activity was evaluated by analyzing pathological parameters, including edema, immune cell infiltration, new vessel formation, fibroblast infiltration, and epithelial thickness. Additionally, the expression levels of TNF-α, Bcl-2, P-53, mTOR, cyclin D1, TGF-β, VEGF, and Col1A were measured to assess the effects of cubosomes on the wound healing process. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of cubosomes, along with the safety, antibacterial activity, and sustained release of Carbz.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The administration of Carbz, particularly the Cubo/Carbz formulations, significantly accelerated the wound healing process by reducing bacterial counts, edema, immune cell infiltration, and the expression of Bcl-2 and TNF-α. Simultaneously, fibroblast infiltration, epithelial thickness, and the expression of P-53, mTOR, Col1A, cyclin D1, TGF-β, and VEGF were increased.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In conclusion, Cubo/Carbz accelerates the wound healing process by promoting apoptosis, reducing inflammation, and enhancing the expression of proliferative genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaohong Sun, Jing Yuan, Minli Xu, Wen Lu, Datong Den, Xiaotong Zhao, Juan Gong
{"title":"Development of a graded management program for patients with diabetic foot ulcers based on the triangle model: A Delphi study","authors":"Xiaohong Sun, Jing Yuan, Minli Xu, Wen Lu, Datong Den, Xiaotong Zhao, Juan Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop a structured nursing intervention program for individuals with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), utilizing the Triangle Chronic Disease Stratified and Graded Management Model as a core framework.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A Delphi study.</div></div><div><h3>Settings</h3><div>The semi-structured interview and preliminary formulation were carried out within the endocrinology department of a tertiary hospital located in Anhui Province, China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Ten endocrinologists, two specialists in wound repair, one expert in chronic illness management, one health education specialist, and one sports rehabilitation expert from China's endocrinology and wound repair surgical departments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Potential elements for the draft were selected via literature review, and the specific content, needs, challenges, current circumstances, and barriers associated with the stratified management of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) were elucidated through interviews with 16 patients and 15 medical professionals. Following four rounds of online discussions among the research team, a correspondence questionnaire for Delphi experts was meticulously crafted using the Triangle Chronic Disease Hierarchical Management Model. The questionnaire was disseminated through email to 15 domestic experts in the field from October 2023 to March 2024. The expert positive coefficient, authority coefficients, and Kendall's concordance coefficients were employed to evaluate the dependability of the graded management program. The consultation ended when expert viewpoints aligned.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of twenty-two literature sources were integrated, and interviews were conducted with sixteen DFU patients and fifteen medical personnel before the questionnaire was developed. The program experienced two iterations of collective evaluation and feedback. The response rate for both rounds of expert consultation reached an impressive 100 %. The coefficients of expert authority were recorded at 0.80 and 0.81, respectively. The concordance coefficients calculated by Kendall for the significance and feasibility of the items across the two consultation rounds were 0.271 and 0.183 (P < 0.001), and 0.283 and 0.237 (P < 0.001), respectively. The management program comprises 80 items, systematically classified into three distinct components: i) Organizational structure, ii) Stratification standards, and iii) Grading measures. The composition comprised three principal entries, nine subordinate entries, and sixty-eight ancillary entries.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that the graded management program for patients with DFU demonstrates a significant degree of scientific rigor, reliability, practicality, and feasibility. This approach tackles the individualized care requirements of DFU, potentially offering a systematic, evidence-based, ","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvia Caggiari , Rosemary Hallgarth , Krishna Mooroogen , Sheana Yu , Peter R. Worsley
{"title":"The evaluation of an intelligent closed loop dynamic sitting system to promote good posture, pressure relief and tissue perfusion","authors":"Silvia Caggiari , Rosemary Hallgarth , Krishna Mooroogen , Sheana Yu , Peter R. Worsley","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>When sitting, buttocks and thighs are subjected to higher pressures, which if sustained can be a risk factor in pressure ulcer development. This study aimed at evaluating the biomechanical and physiological performance of a dynamic sitting system incorporating pressure sensitive air cells technology to provide pressure relief and maintaining skin health.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Thirteen participants were recruited and asked to adopt five static postures in a random order, each held for 10 min. Measurements at the chair-participant interface included interface pressure, internal pressure of the chair air cells, transcutaneous tissue gas tensions at the ischial tuberosities, and accelerometer data collected from the sternum. Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of all parameters in detecting postural change events, examining the 1st spatial derivative.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data revealed a high inter-subject variability, with interface pressure e.g. peak pressure gradient and contact area data showing statistically significant difference between postures. This was reflected in the physiological response with some individuals exhibiting low O<sub>2</sub> levels and associated high CO<sub>2</sub> (>25 % from baseline). Area under the curve values revealed interface pressure parameters and actimetry data accurate in detecting postural changes events (≥0.6).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The dynamic seating support depended on posture, although there remained some significant differences in interface pressure values and local tissue physiology. Further research is required to assess the impact of these sitting conditions in vulnerable individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding anterior cruciate ligament injuries among the youth","authors":"Ling Yin, Juan Deng, Qin Ju, Xiaoqin Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jtv.2025.100866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) concerning anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among the youth.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study was conducted at Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM between January 2024 and March 2024, and included the youth aged from 18 to 39 years old. Demographic characteristics and KAP scores were collected via self-administered questionnaires.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 561 valid questionnaires were analyzed. Of these, 292 respondents (52.05 %) were female, and 317 (56.51 %) had experienced ACL injuries or other related sports injuries. The mean scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 19.99 ± 9.28 (possible range: 0–24), 30.34 ± 7.83 (possible range: 9–45), and 25.48 ± 7.40 (possible range: 7–35), respectively. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.506, P < 0.001), knowledge and practice (r = 0.612, P < 0.001), and attitude and practice (r = 0.546, P < 0.001). Structural equation modeling (SEM) indicated direct effects of knowledge on both attitude (β = 1.235, P < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.817, P < 0.001), as well as of attitude on practice (β = 0.490, P < 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The youth demonstrated adequate knowledge but moderate attitudes and practices regarding ACL injuries. Educational interventions targeting psychological factors, attitudes, and the translation of knowledge into consistent preventive behaviors are essential to mitigate injury risks and improve management outcomes among the youth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of tissue viability","volume":"34 2","pages":"Article 100866"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}