Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Substrate Specificity in Promiscuous Enzymes: The Case of the Aminoaldehyde Dehydrogenases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa","authors":"R. Muñoz-Clares, Arline Fernández-Silva, C. Mújica-Jiménez, Sebastian Martínez-Flores","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Substrate specificity is instrumental in enzyme catalysis and a major determinant of the enzyme’s physiological role. Nevertheless, the degree of substrate specificity may vary in an ample range; some enzymes exhibit very high specificity while others show a relaxed specificity or promiscuity. The latter is used by evolution for the emergence of new enzymes able to perform novel metabolic roles. The basis of substrate specificity is substrate recognition, which is achieved in the enzyme active site by chemical and structural mechanisms. Here, we exemplify that specificity may exist within promiscuity by comparatively analyzing kinetic and structural data of the four Pseudomonas aeruginosa aminoaldehyde dehydrogenases—PA5373, PA5312, PA4189, and PA0219. Despite their apparent substrate promiscuity, we found that these enzymes show a significant degree of substrate specificity. They have evolved to preferentially oxidize different aminoaldehydes, even though each of them can use as in vitro substrates most of the aminoaldehydes preferred by the others. We focus on the role played in these enzymes by two active-site residues—one acidic and the other aromatic, both belonging to the so-called “anchor” loop—in binding the aldehyde amino group, as well as on the importance of the anchor loop conformation in defining the size and shape of the active-site cavity. Our results support the notion that natural selection has fine-tuned the active-site structural and chemical features of the P. aeruginosa AMADH enzymes to the structural and chemical features of their physiological aminoaldehydes substrates.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. La especificidad de sustrato es fundamental para la catálisis enzimática y un importante determinante del papel fisiológico de una enzima. Sin embargo, el grado de especificidad de las enzimas puede variar en un amplio intervalo; algunas enzimas exhiben una especificidad estricta por sus sustratos mientras que otras exhiben una especicificidad relajada o promiscuidad. Esto último es utilizado por la evolución para que emerjan nuevas enzimas capaces de llevar a cabo funciones metabólicas novedosas. La base de la especificidad es el reconocimiento del sustrato, lo que se logra en el sitio activo de la enzima mediante mecanismos químicos y estructurales. En este trabajo mostramos que la especificidad puede existir dentro de la promiscuidad, analizando resultados cinéticos y estructurales de las cuatro aminoaldehído deshidrogenasas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa—PA5373, PA5312, PA4189 y PA0219. A pesar de su aparente promiscuidad, encontramos que estas enzimas presentan un alto grado de especificidad. Han evolucionado para oxidar preferencialmente algunos aminoaldehídos, aunque cada una de ellas pueda in vitro usar como sustratos la mayoría de aminoaldehídos preferidos por las otras. Enfocamos nuestro análisis en el papel que desempeñan dos residuos del sitio activo—uno ácido y el otro aromático, ambos pertenecientes a la llamada asa “ancla”—en l","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77815428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TEN ELEVEN TRANSLOCATION 2 (TET2) Improves the Adipogenic Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells","authors":"Jose Alejandro Balam-Lara, L. M. Carrillo-Cocom, B. Rodas-Junco, Liliana Villanueva-Lizama, Geovanny I. Nic-Can","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the major source of adipocytes, adipogenesis is a highly complex process whose mechanisms driving adipocyte origin and development remain poorly understood. Previous findings by our group have shown that different MSCs from the oral cavity displayed differential expression of TET2, a key regulator of DNA methylation, during adipogenic induction. Therefore, we proposed to evaluate the effects of the overexpression of TET2 on the adipogenic response of a cell line with a low natural commitment to this cell fate. We used human dental pulp cells, which were characterized through flow cytometry for mesenchymal markers, analysis of stemness-related genes (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) and trilineage capacity. The characterized cells were transfected with TET2 and induced to adipogenesis for 21 days. Our results show that TET2-overexpressing cells (pTET2-OE cells) exhibit an earlier adipogenic response. In addition, pTET2-OE cells induced more than 4-, 2.5-, 30-, and 50-fold expression of the adipogenic markers PPARg, ADIPOQ, FABP4, and LPL, respectively. Our findings suggest that TET2 overexpression could induce demethylation of the PPARg locus, the master regulator of adipogenesis, and of the other adipogenic genes, improving the transition of dental pulp stem cells toward adipogenic commitment.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Aunque las células troncales mesenquimales (MSC) son la principal fuente de adipocitos, la adipogénesis es un proceso complejo cuyos mecanismos que impulsan el origen y desarrollo de los adipocitos permanecen sin conocerse completamente. Previamente nuestro grupo ha demostrado que diferentes MSC de origen bucal mostraron una expresión diferencial de TET2, un regulador clave de la metilación del ADN, durante la inducción adipogénica. Por lo tanto, se propuso evaluar el efecto de la sobreexpresión de TET2 en la respuesta adipogénica en una línea celular con bajo compromiso hacia la diferenciación adipogénica. Nosotros usamos células de la pulpa dental las cuales fueron caracterizadas mediante citometría de flujo para marcadores mesenquimales, análisis de genes de pluripotencia (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4 and c-MYC) y capacidad tri-linaje. Las células caracterizadas fueron transfectadas con TET2 e inducidas a la adipogénesis por 21 días. Nuestros hallazgos demuestran que las células que sobre expresan TET2 (pTET-OE) muestran una respuesta adipogénica más temprana. Además, las células pTET-OE incrementaron más de 4-, 2.5-, 30-, y 50 veces la expresión de los marcadores adipogénicos PPARg, ADIPOQ, FABP4 y LPL respectivamente. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la sobreexpresión de TET2 podría inducir la desmetilación del locus de PPARg, el regulador maestro de la adipogénesis y de los genes adipogénicos, lo que mejora la transición de las células troncales de la pulpa dental hacia el compromiso adipogénico.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77305597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory Effects of Edible and Medicinal Plant Extracts on the Enzymatic Activity of Pancreatic Lipase","authors":"Oliver Rafid Magaña-Rodríguez, Luis Gerardo Ortega-Pérez, Luis Alberto Ayala-Ruiz, Jonathan Saúl Piñón-Simental, Oscar Fernando Gallegos-Torres, Patricia Rios Chavez","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Plants with a strong activity to reduce the digestion of lipids from the diet are a possible way to prevent and combat obesity. This study evaluated 37 ethanol extracts of plants, some edible, medicinal, or belonging to a family that has the inhibitory activity of pancreatic lipase, aimed at looking for a new anti-obesity agent. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL) was measured in vitro and in vivo assay. The plasma triacylglycerol levels after 1, 2, and 3 h in fasted male Wistar rats fed, by oral administration, with a lipid emulsion were measured. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), and the total phenol and flavonoid content were determined. Nine plants exhibited low inhibition (˂41 %), nine showed medium inhibition (41-50 %), eight demonstrated high inhibition (51-60%) and 11 plants had the highest inhibition (≥ 61 %). Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, dried leaves extract displayed the highest inhibitory activity of pancreatic lipase 71.90 % at 400 µg/mL, with a dose-dependent inhibition against PL similar to orlistat. The kinetic study showed uncompetitive inhibition. Moreover, H. rosa sinensis extract also reduced the elevation of plasma triacylglycerol levels after lipid emulsion administration similar as orlistat did. H. rosa-sinensis dried leaves had higher antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds than fresh leaves.   H. rosa-sinensis presented the strongest anti-lipase activity and could be used as an anti-obesogenic agent or as a food additive to reduce the absorption of fats from the diet.  \u0000 \u0000Resumen. Las plantas con una fuerte actividad para reducir la digestión de los lípidos de la dieta son una posible forma de prevenir y combatir la obesidad. Este estudio evaluó 37 extractos etanólicos de plantas, algunas comestibles, medicinales o pertenecientes a una familia que tiene una actividad inhibitoria de la lipasa pancreática, con el objetivo de buscar un nuevo agente anti-obesogénico. Se medio la inhibición de la lipasa pancreática (PL) in vitro e in vivo, se midieron los niveles de triacilglicerol en plasma 1,2 y 3 h después de la administración oral de una emulsión lipídica a ratas Wistar machos en ayunas. Las actividades antioxidantes se evaluaron utilizando DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl actividad atrapadora de radical), FRAP (poder antioxidante reductor del fierro) y ABTS acido (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonico), también se midió el contenido total de fenoles y flavonoides. Nueve plantas exhibieron una inhibición baja (˂41 %), otras nueve con una inhibición media (41-50 %), ocho demostraron una inhibición alta (51-60 %) y once plantas mostraron la inhibición más alta (≥ 61 %).  El extracto de hojas secas de Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, mostró la mayor actividad inhibitoria de la PL con un 71.90 % a 400 µg/mL, con una inhib","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82297717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Different Extraction Methods for Identification and Quantification of Glyphosate in Fortified Corn Flour","authors":"L. H. Méndez-Barredo, J. Monribot-Villanueva, Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez, J. M. Elizalde-Contreras, J. Guerrero-Analco, E. Ruíz-May","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1945","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides around the world. Over the past decade, the use of glyphosate and related molecules has significantly risen despite its suggested harmful effects on human health. Therefore, it is of great interest to establish reliable and scalable extraction and quantification pipelines for glyphosate in food-associated products. This herbicide is difficult to detect in foods and related matrices because of its chemical features. In this work, we tested different concentrations of solvents and various extraction protocols for recovering this pesticide. For quantification, we used a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) method in an ultra-high resolution liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS-QqQ). We determined that 20 % (v/v) methanol in water was the best solvent for extraction. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and ultrasonication approach allowed better recovery values. However, extraction with the energized dispersive extraction system (EDGE) exhibited a more efficient result in half of the time compared to the other automated protocol tested in our study. Our investigation provides valuable information for the extraction, identification, and quantification of glyphosate-2-13C, which will contribute to monitoring the level of this herbicide in corn flour.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. El glifosato es uno de los herbicidas más utilizados en todo el mundo. Durante la última década, el uso del glifosato y las moléculas derivadas de este compuesto ha aumentado significativamente a pesar de los efectos nocivos que se han indicado para la salud humana. Por lo tanto, es de gran interés establecer herramientas de extracción y cuantificación confiables y escalables para glifosato en los productos asociados con alimentos. Este plaguicida es difícil de detectar en alimentos y otras matrices afines debido a sus características químicas. En este estudio probamos diferentes concentraciones de solventes y varios protocolos de extracción para la recuperación de este herbicida. Para la cuantificación utilizamos un método de monitoreo dinámico de múltiples reacciones (dMRM) en un cromatógrafo de líquidos de ultra alta resolución acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas de triple cuadrupolo (UPLC-MS-QqQ). Determinamos que 20 % (v/v) de metanol en agua era el mejor solvente para la extracción. Las herramientas de extracción acelerada por solventes (ASE) y ultrasonicación permitieron los mejores valores de recuperación. Sin embargo, la extracción con el sistema de extracción dispersiva energizada (EDGE) mostró resultados eficientes en la mitad del tiempo, en comparación con el otro protocolo automatizado probado en nuestro estudio. Nuestra investigación provee información valiosa para la extracción y cuantificación de glifosato-2-13C, lo que contribuirá a monitorear niveles de este herbicida en harina de maíz.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76272541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Betalains by LC-MS","authors":"J. A. Araujo-León, V. Aguilar-Hernández, I. Sánchez-Del Pino, L. Brito-Argáez, S. Peraza-Sánchez, Andrés Xingú-López, R. Ortíz-Andrade","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Betalains are natural pigments responsible for the colour of flowers, bracts, stems, and leaves of genus Amaranthus, and they are bioactive compounds. Due to their great chemical diversity, the determination and confident identification of betalains are still challenges and of great interest as they are natural colourants for health benefit. By high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS), the catalog of betalains in red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) was defined. In total, 30 betacyanins and 13 betaxanthins were found. Mass measurements for the parent ion and for its fragments with errors of less than 5 parts per million (ppm) achieved the recommended criteria for identification of compounds. This work defines the main betalains in red amaranth (A. cruentus) and valorizes the leaves and inflorescence of red amaranth as betalain pigments sources.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Las betalaínas son pigmentos naturales responsables del color en las flores, brácteas, tallos y hojas del género Amaranthus y también son compuestos bioactivos. Debido a su amplia diversidad química, la identificación y determinación confiable de betalaínas siguen siendo desafíos y son de gran interés puesto que son colorantes naturales beneficiosos para la salud. Por medio de cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem se definió el catálogo de betalaínas en “amaranto rojo” (Amaranthus cruentus L.). En total se encontraron 30 betacianinas y 13 betaxantinas. Las mediciones de las masas del ion molecular y sus fragmentos con errores menores a 5 partes por millón (ppm) garantizaron los criterios recomendados para la identificación de compuestos. Este trabajo define las principales betalaínas del amaranto rojo (A. cruentus) y valora las hojas e inflorescencias del amaranto rojo como fuente de pigmentos betalaínicos.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76356383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly of the Cereus fernambucensis Genome, Gene Annotation, and Tertiary Structure of Secondary Metabolism Enzymes in Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus, and Stenocereus thurberi","authors":"Yahaira de Jesús Tamayo Ordoñez, M.C. Tamayo Ordoñez, Ninfa María Rosas García, G.J. Sosa Santillán, Benjamín Abraham Ayil Gutiérrez","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1969","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recently, there is growing interest in obtaining bioactive compounds from species in the family Cactaceae, which has been little analyzed at the genomic and transcriptomic level. We here report the assembly of the genome of Cereus fernambucensis and we analyzed six cactus genomes (Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus and Stenocereus thurberi), the annotation of putative genes, and the modeling of the three-dimensional structures of their predicted proteins involved in flavonoid metabolism. We identified genes encoding proteins related to plant pathogenesis (PR-10), coding secuences (CDS) of aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase, CDS of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, and ABC transporters. The grouping of the enzymes aspartic proteinase-like protein, flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), and protein serine/threonine- phosphatase was shown to be highly conserved in the genomes of the analyzed cacti. We found divergence of the plant PDR ABC-type transporter family protein (PEN3) in Cereus fernambucensis and the absence in this species of sterol methyltransferase (SMT1). Our three-dimensional modeling of the tertiary structure of F3H from a consensus sequence of cactus species had 88 % identity with that reported in Arabidopsis thaliana. We observed the conservation in several plant species of the  2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent domain of F3H. This is the first report of an exploration of putative genes encoding enzymes involved in secondary metabolism in cacti species providing information that could be used to improve the production of bioactive compounds in them.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Recientemente, ha incrementado el interés en obtener compuestos bioactivos de especies de la familia Cactaceae, que ha sido poco analizada a nivel genómico y transcriptómico. Nosotros reportamos el ensamblaje del genoma Cereus fernambucensis y analizamos además seis genomas de cactus (Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus y Stenocereus thurberi), la anotación de genes putativos y el modelado de las estructuras tridimensionales de sus proteínas involucradas en el metabolismo de los flavonoides. Se identificaron genes que codifican proteínas relacionadas con la patogénesis vegetal (PR-10), secuencias codificantes (CDS) de aldehído reductasas y flavonoide reductasas, CDS de enzimas implicadas en la biosíntesis de compuestos fenólicos y transportadores ABC. La agrupación de las enzimas similar a la proteinasa aspártica, flavanona 3-hidroxilasa (F3H), hidroxicinamoil-CoA shikimato/quinato hidroxicinamoiltransferasa (HCT) y proteína serina/treonina-fosfatasa demostró estar altamente conservada en los genomas de los cactus analizados. Se encontró divergencia de la proteína (PEN3) de la familia transportadora de tipo ABC PDR en Cereus fern","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85555124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascorbic Acid in Chili Pepper Fruits: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Factors Affecting its Content","authors":"M. G. Villa-Rivera, N. Ochoa-Alejo","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Chili pepper fruits are important sources of bioactive compounds e.g., capsaicinoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and minerals. From them, chili pepper fruits synthesize and accumulate important concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) (also known as vitamin C). AsA has an important role as a free-radical scavenger and as an effective antioxidant. In plants, AsA develops crucial functions for the homeostasis maintenance of the cells, whereas, in animals, AsA is very important for cellular metabolism too. Because of humans and some animal species are incapable of synthesizing AsA, they must acquire it from vegetable food, and chili pepper fruits represent an excellent option for vitamin C uptake. In this review, we integrate the latest biological advances of the research about vitamin C in chili pepper fruits including biosynthesis, accumulation, and the effects of agricultural practices and postharvest storage.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. El chile es una fuente muy importante de compuestos bioactivos (capsaicinoides, carotenoidess, ácido ascórbico, flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos y minerales). De éstos, el chile contiene concentraciones muy importantes de ácido ascóbico (AsA) (también conocido como vitamina C). El AsA tiene un importante papel en la eliminación de radicales libres y es un antioxidante muy efectivo. En plantas, el AsA lleva a cabo funciones cruciales para el mantenimiento de la homeostasis celular, mientras que, en animales, el AsA es muy importante para el metabolismo celular. Debido a que los humanos y algunas especies animales son incapaces de sintetizarlo, ellos deben adquirirlo a partir de alimentos de origen vegetal, siendo los frutos de chile una excelente fuente de vitamina C. En esta revisión, se integran los avances más recientes acerca de la investigación de la vitamina C, su ruta de biosíntesis, su contenido en frutos de chile y, finalmente, el efecto de diferentes factores como el manejo agrícola y el procesamiento de frutos de Capsicum sobre el contenido de AsA.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Acid Profiles and Antimicrobial Activity from Tropical Fruit Seeds","authors":"J. F. Freitas Filho, Luís Eduardo Gomes de Holanda, Clécio Sousa Ramos","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1866","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fatty acid profiles and antimicrobial activity of ten oils from tropical fruit seeds were determined. The fatty acid composition of the oils was determined by GC-MS analysis that allowed identification of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids as major constituents.  Oil samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against fungus, yeast, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.  Eugenia uniflora seed oil was the most active for bacteria with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ​​from 39.0 to 1250 μg mL-1. E. uniflora oil showed strong activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae as wells as for yeast Candida utilis with MIC of 312.5 μg mL-1. The carboxylic group of acids identified was associated with the antimicrobial activity considering that the esterified oils showed MIC greater than 2000 μg mL-1. Our study showed that the tropical fruit seeds have antimicrobial potential and their residues from the fruit juice industry can be used as a source of bioactive products.\u0000Keywords: Bacteria; seed oil; fatty acids; tropical fruits; fung.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Se determinaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos y la actividad antimicrobiana de diez aceites de semillas de frutas tropicales. La composición de ácidos grasos de los aceites se determinó mediante análisis CG-EM que permitió identificar los ácidos oleico, linoleico, palmítico y esteárico como constituyentes mayoritarios. Las muestras de aceite exhibieron actividad antimicrobiana contra hongos, levadura, Gram-positivas y bacterias Gram-negativas. El aceite de semilla de Eugenia uniflora fue el más activo para bacterias con valores de Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima (CIM) de 39,0 a 1250 μg mL-1. El aceite de E. uniflora mostró una fuerte actividad contra las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis y Klebsiella pneumoniae, así como contra la levadura Candida utilis con CIM de 312.5 μg mL-1. El grupo de ácidos carboxílicos identificado se asoció con la actividad antimicrobiana considerando que los aceites esterificados presentaron CIM major a 2000 μg mL-1. Nuestro estudio mostró que las semillas de frutas tropicales tienen potencial antimicrobiano y sus residuos de la industria de jugos de frutas pueden usarse como fuente de productos bioactivos.\u0000Palabras clave: Bacteria; aceite de semilla; ácidos grasos; frutas tropicales; hongo.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83016135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of L-Pyroglutamic Acid on the Solubility of Puerarin: Preparation, Solid-State Characterization and Physicochemical Evaluation of Puerarin-L-Pyroglutamic Acid Co-Crystal","authors":"M. Inam, M. Jamshed, Idrees Rehman, Wahib Noor Khan, Muhammad Iqbal Zaman, Muhammad Adnan Akram, Tayba Chudhary","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1916","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Drug solubility plays a significant role in the successful therapeutic formulation. The objective of this work is enhancing the water solubility of Puerarin. We successfully synthesized a novel crystalline phase co-crystal of Puerarin (PUE) with L-pyroglutamic acid (PG) via recrystallization method and characterized by various solid-state characterization techniques. PXRD pattern shows the crystallinity phase co-crystal. The DSC analysis of co-crystal shows change in the thermal behavior compared with a pure form of PUE and PG. The FT-IR analysis shows change in the functional group frequency due to H-bonding interaction between PUE and PG molecule. The solubility of Pure PUE and co-crystal investigated in Pure water, pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution and pH 1.2 acidic medium.  co-crystal reveals improved solubility when compared with pure form of PUE. The time-dependent in vitro dissolution rate of co-crystal was more significant compared to the pure commercial form of PUE, demonstrating that co-crystal could be used as a useful product for pharmaceutical formulation with enhance properties.\u0000Resumen. La solubilidad de un fármaco juega un papel importante en su formulación farmacútica final. El objetivo de este trabajo es incrementar la solubilidad acuosa del compuesto puerarina. En este sentido, reportamos la síntesis de una nueva matriz cristalina, formada a través de la recristalización de una mezcla de puerarina (PUE) y ácido L-piroglutámico (PG). El patron de análisis DSC del co-cristal mostró un cambio términco comparado con PUE y PG puros. El análisis detallado del co-cristal por medio de infrarrojo (FT-IR) mostró un cambio en la fecuancia de absorción en la región característica de enlaces de hidrógeno entre PUE y PG. Comparamos la solubilidad de una muestra pura de PUE y la de una muestra del co-cristal en agua, en un buffer de fosfátos pH 6.8, y en medio acídico a pH 1.2. La muestra del co-cristal mostró un aumento significativo en la solubilidad acuosa, comparada con la de PUE en todos los medios. Además, el perfil de disolución de una mestra del co-cristal fue significativamente mayor que el perfil de disolución de PUE, demostrando que esta forma de co-cristalización es un procedimiento altamente efectivo para incrementar la solubilidad acuosa de PUE.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81176804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Activity of Picroside I in Type 2 Diabetes Based on Oxidative Stress","authors":"Jingya Liu, Yinqiu Zheng, Shuang Dai, Li Li, Wei Wu, R. Gou, Deyuan Wang, Shi Long, Meihua Huang, Z. Xu","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The primary factor leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is oxidative stress. Despite its liver-protecting, enzyme-lowering, immune-regulating, and antiviral effects, the impact of picroside I on oxidative stress, glucose utilization, and IR has not been investigated yet. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of different concentrations of picroside I. The results showed that picroside I effectively suppresses α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 values of 109.75 μg/mL and 160.71 μg/mL in the range of 50-500 μg/mL. Additionally, when IR-HepG2 cells were treated with 80 μg/mL of picroside I, it was found to have little effect on cell viability, increase glucose consumption, decrease the levels of the free radical metabolite malonic dialdehyde, and increase superoxide dismutase activity. These findings indicate that picroside I has the potential to regulate oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells, potentially improving IR and exhibiting anti-T2DM activity.\u0000Resumen. El factor principal que conduce a la resistencia a la insulina (IR) y a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es el estrés oxidativo. A pesar de sus efectos protectores del hígado, reductores de enzimas, inmunorreguladores y antivirales, aún no se ha investigado el impacto del picrósido I sobre el estrés oxidativo, la utilización de glucosa y la IR. Se realizaron estudios in vitro para evaluar las propiedades antioxidantes de diferentes concentraciones de picrósido I. Los resultados mostraron que el picrósido I suprime eficazmente la α-glucosidasa y la α-amilasa con valores IC50 de 109,75 μg/mL y 160,71 μg/mL en el rango de 50 -500 microgramos/ml. Además, cuando las células IR-HepG2 se trataron con 80 μg/mL de picrósido I, se encontró que tenía poco efecto sobre la viabilidad celular, aumentaba el consumo de glucosa, disminuía los niveles del metabolito de radicales libres dialdehído malónico y aumentaba la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa. Estos hallazgos indican que el picrósido I tiene el potencial de regular el estrés oxidativo en las células IR-HepG2, mejorando potencialmente la IR y exhibiendo actividad anti-T2DM.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90427147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}