Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Different Extraction Methods for Identification and Quantification of Glyphosate in Fortified Corn Flour","authors":"L. H. Méndez-Barredo, J. Monribot-Villanueva, Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez, J. M. Elizalde-Contreras, J. Guerrero-Analco, E. Ruíz-May","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1945","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides around the world. Over the past decade, the use of glyphosate and related molecules has significantly risen despite its suggested harmful effects on human health. Therefore, it is of great interest to establish reliable and scalable extraction and quantification pipelines for glyphosate in food-associated products. This herbicide is difficult to detect in foods and related matrices because of its chemical features. In this work, we tested different concentrations of solvents and various extraction protocols for recovering this pesticide. For quantification, we used a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) method in an ultra-high resolution liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS-QqQ). We determined that 20 % (v/v) methanol in water was the best solvent for extraction. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and ultrasonication approach allowed better recovery values. However, extraction with the energized dispersive extraction system (EDGE) exhibited a more efficient result in half of the time compared to the other automated protocol tested in our study. Our investigation provides valuable information for the extraction, identification, and quantification of glyphosate-2-13C, which will contribute to monitoring the level of this herbicide in corn flour.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. El glifosato es uno de los herbicidas más utilizados en todo el mundo. Durante la última década, el uso del glifosato y las moléculas derivadas de este compuesto ha aumentado significativamente a pesar de los efectos nocivos que se han indicado para la salud humana. Por lo tanto, es de gran interés establecer herramientas de extracción y cuantificación confiables y escalables para glifosato en los productos asociados con alimentos. Este plaguicida es difícil de detectar en alimentos y otras matrices afines debido a sus características químicas. En este estudio probamos diferentes concentraciones de solventes y varios protocolos de extracción para la recuperación de este herbicida. Para la cuantificación utilizamos un método de monitoreo dinámico de múltiples reacciones (dMRM) en un cromatógrafo de líquidos de ultra alta resolución acoplado a un espectrómetro de masas de triple cuadrupolo (UPLC-MS-QqQ). Determinamos que 20 % (v/v) de metanol en agua era el mejor solvente para la extracción. Las herramientas de extracción acelerada por solventes (ASE) y ultrasonicación permitieron los mejores valores de recuperación. Sin embargo, la extracción con el sistema de extracción dispersiva energizada (EDGE) mostró resultados eficientes en la mitad del tiempo, en comparación con el otro protocolo automatizado probado en nuestro estudio. Nuestra investigación provee información valiosa para la extracción y cuantificación de glifosato-2-13C, lo que contribuirá a monitorear niveles de este herbicida en harina de maíz.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76272541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Red Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) Betalains by LC-MS","authors":"J. A. Araujo-León, V. Aguilar-Hernández, I. Sánchez-Del Pino, L. Brito-Argáez, S. Peraza-Sánchez, Andrés Xingú-López, R. Ortíz-Andrade","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1967","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Betalains are natural pigments responsible for the colour of flowers, bracts, stems, and leaves of genus Amaranthus, and they are bioactive compounds. Due to their great chemical diversity, the determination and confident identification of betalains are still challenges and of great interest as they are natural colourants for health benefit. By high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS), the catalog of betalains in red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) was defined. In total, 30 betacyanins and 13 betaxanthins were found. Mass measurements for the parent ion and for its fragments with errors of less than 5 parts per million (ppm) achieved the recommended criteria for identification of compounds. This work defines the main betalains in red amaranth (A. cruentus) and valorizes the leaves and inflorescence of red amaranth as betalain pigments sources.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Las betalaínas son pigmentos naturales responsables del color en las flores, brácteas, tallos y hojas del género Amaranthus y también son compuestos bioactivos. Debido a su amplia diversidad química, la identificación y determinación confiable de betalaínas siguen siendo desafíos y son de gran interés puesto que son colorantes naturales beneficiosos para la salud. Por medio de cromatografía de líquidos de alta eficiencia acoplada a espectrometría de masas en tándem se definió el catálogo de betalaínas en “amaranto rojo” (Amaranthus cruentus L.). En total se encontraron 30 betacianinas y 13 betaxantinas. Las mediciones de las masas del ion molecular y sus fragmentos con errores menores a 5 partes por millón (ppm) garantizaron los criterios recomendados para la identificación de compuestos. Este trabajo define las principales betalaínas del amaranto rojo (A. cruentus) y valora las hojas e inflorescencias del amaranto rojo como fuente de pigmentos betalaínicos.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76356383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assembly of the Cereus fernambucensis Genome, Gene Annotation, and Tertiary Structure of Secondary Metabolism Enzymes in Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus, and Stenocereus thurberi","authors":"Yahaira de Jesús Tamayo Ordoñez, M.C. Tamayo Ordoñez, Ninfa María Rosas García, G.J. Sosa Santillán, Benjamín Abraham Ayil Gutiérrez","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.1969","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Recently, there is growing interest in obtaining bioactive compounds from species in the family Cactaceae, which has been little analyzed at the genomic and transcriptomic level. We here report the assembly of the genome of Cereus fernambucensis and we analyzed six cactus genomes (Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus and Stenocereus thurberi), the annotation of putative genes, and the modeling of the three-dimensional structures of their predicted proteins involved in flavonoid metabolism. We identified genes encoding proteins related to plant pathogenesis (PR-10), coding secuences (CDS) of aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase, CDS of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, and ABC transporters. The grouping of the enzymes aspartic proteinase-like protein, flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), and protein serine/threonine- phosphatase was shown to be highly conserved in the genomes of the analyzed cacti. We found divergence of the plant PDR ABC-type transporter family protein (PEN3) in Cereus fernambucensis and the absence in this species of sterol methyltransferase (SMT1). Our three-dimensional modeling of the tertiary structure of F3H from a consensus sequence of cactus species had 88 % identity with that reported in Arabidopsis thaliana. We observed the conservation in several plant species of the  2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent domain of F3H. This is the first report of an exploration of putative genes encoding enzymes involved in secondary metabolism in cacti species providing information that could be used to improve the production of bioactive compounds in them.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Recientemente, ha incrementado el interés en obtener compuestos bioactivos de especies de la familia Cactaceae, que ha sido poco analizada a nivel genómico y transcriptómico. Nosotros reportamos el ensamblaje del genoma Cereus fernambucensis y analizamos además seis genomas de cactus (Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus y Stenocereus thurberi), la anotación de genes putativos y el modelado de las estructuras tridimensionales de sus proteínas involucradas en el metabolismo de los flavonoides. Se identificaron genes que codifican proteínas relacionadas con la patogénesis vegetal (PR-10), secuencias codificantes (CDS) de aldehído reductasas y flavonoide reductasas, CDS de enzimas implicadas en la biosíntesis de compuestos fenólicos y transportadores ABC. La agrupación de las enzimas similar a la proteinasa aspártica, flavanona 3-hidroxilasa (F3H), hidroxicinamoil-CoA shikimato/quinato hidroxicinamoiltransferasa (HCT) y proteína serina/treonina-fosfatasa demostró estar altamente conservada en los genomas de los cactus analizados. Se encontró divergencia de la proteína (PEN3) de la familia transportadora de tipo ABC PDR en Cereus fern","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85555124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascorbic Acid in Chili Pepper Fruits: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Factors Affecting its Content","authors":"M. G. Villa-Rivera, N. Ochoa-Alejo","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i3.2003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Chili pepper fruits are important sources of bioactive compounds e.g., capsaicinoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and minerals. From them, chili pepper fruits synthesize and accumulate important concentrations of ascorbic acid (AsA) (also known as vitamin C). AsA has an important role as a free-radical scavenger and as an effective antioxidant. In plants, AsA develops crucial functions for the homeostasis maintenance of the cells, whereas, in animals, AsA is very important for cellular metabolism too. Because of humans and some animal species are incapable of synthesizing AsA, they must acquire it from vegetable food, and chili pepper fruits represent an excellent option for vitamin C uptake. In this review, we integrate the latest biological advances of the research about vitamin C in chili pepper fruits including biosynthesis, accumulation, and the effects of agricultural practices and postharvest storage.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. El chile es una fuente muy importante de compuestos bioactivos (capsaicinoides, carotenoidess, ácido ascórbico, flavonoides, compuestos fenólicos y minerales). De éstos, el chile contiene concentraciones muy importantes de ácido ascóbico (AsA) (también conocido como vitamina C). El AsA tiene un importante papel en la eliminación de radicales libres y es un antioxidante muy efectivo. En plantas, el AsA lleva a cabo funciones cruciales para el mantenimiento de la homeostasis celular, mientras que, en animales, el AsA es muy importante para el metabolismo celular. Debido a que los humanos y algunas especies animales son incapaces de sintetizarlo, ellos deben adquirirlo a partir de alimentos de origen vegetal, siendo los frutos de chile una excelente fuente de vitamina C. En esta revisión, se integran los avances más recientes acerca de la investigación de la vitamina C, su ruta de biosíntesis, su contenido en frutos de chile y, finalmente, el efecto de diferentes factores como el manejo agrícola y el procesamiento de frutos de Capsicum sobre el contenido de AsA.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90712415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Acid Profiles and Antimicrobial Activity from Tropical Fruit Seeds","authors":"J. F. Freitas Filho, Luís Eduardo Gomes de Holanda, Clécio Sousa Ramos","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1866","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fatty acid profiles and antimicrobial activity of ten oils from tropical fruit seeds were determined. The fatty acid composition of the oils was determined by GC-MS analysis that allowed identification of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids as major constituents.  Oil samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against fungus, yeast, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.  Eugenia uniflora seed oil was the most active for bacteria with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ​​from 39.0 to 1250 μg mL-1. E. uniflora oil showed strong activity against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Klebsiella pneumoniae as wells as for yeast Candida utilis with MIC of 312.5 μg mL-1. The carboxylic group of acids identified was associated with the antimicrobial activity considering that the esterified oils showed MIC greater than 2000 μg mL-1. Our study showed that the tropical fruit seeds have antimicrobial potential and their residues from the fruit juice industry can be used as a source of bioactive products.\u0000Keywords: Bacteria; seed oil; fatty acids; tropical fruits; fung.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Se determinaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos y la actividad antimicrobiana de diez aceites de semillas de frutas tropicales. La composición de ácidos grasos de los aceites se determinó mediante análisis CG-EM que permitió identificar los ácidos oleico, linoleico, palmítico y esteárico como constituyentes mayoritarios. Las muestras de aceite exhibieron actividad antimicrobiana contra hongos, levadura, Gram-positivas y bacterias Gram-negativas. El aceite de semilla de Eugenia uniflora fue el más activo para bacterias con valores de Concentración Inhibitoria Mínima (CIM) de 39,0 a 1250 μg mL-1. El aceite de E. uniflora mostró una fuerte actividad contra las bacterias Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis y Klebsiella pneumoniae, así como contra la levadura Candida utilis con CIM de 312.5 μg mL-1. El grupo de ácidos carboxílicos identificado se asoció con la actividad antimicrobiana considerando que los aceites esterificados presentaron CIM major a 2000 μg mL-1. Nuestro estudio mostró que las semillas de frutas tropicales tienen potencial antimicrobiano y sus residuos de la industria de jugos de frutas pueden usarse como fuente de productos bioactivos.\u0000Palabras clave: Bacteria; aceite de semilla; ácidos grasos; frutas tropicales; hongo.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83016135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Activity of Picroside I in Type 2 Diabetes Based on Oxidative Stress","authors":"Jingya Liu, Yinqiu Zheng, Shuang Dai, Li Li, Wei Wu, R. Gou, Deyuan Wang, Shi Long, Meihua Huang, Z. Xu","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1899","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The primary factor leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is oxidative stress. Despite its liver-protecting, enzyme-lowering, immune-regulating, and antiviral effects, the impact of picroside I on oxidative stress, glucose utilization, and IR has not been investigated yet. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of different concentrations of picroside I. The results showed that picroside I effectively suppresses α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 values of 109.75 μg/mL and 160.71 μg/mL in the range of 50-500 μg/mL. Additionally, when IR-HepG2 cells were treated with 80 μg/mL of picroside I, it was found to have little effect on cell viability, increase glucose consumption, decrease the levels of the free radical metabolite malonic dialdehyde, and increase superoxide dismutase activity. These findings indicate that picroside I has the potential to regulate oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells, potentially improving IR and exhibiting anti-T2DM activity.\u0000Resumen. El factor principal que conduce a la resistencia a la insulina (IR) y a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es el estrés oxidativo. A pesar de sus efectos protectores del hígado, reductores de enzimas, inmunorreguladores y antivirales, aún no se ha investigado el impacto del picrósido I sobre el estrés oxidativo, la utilización de glucosa y la IR. Se realizaron estudios in vitro para evaluar las propiedades antioxidantes de diferentes concentraciones de picrósido I. Los resultados mostraron que el picrósido I suprime eficazmente la α-glucosidasa y la α-amilasa con valores IC50 de 109,75 μg/mL y 160,71 μg/mL en el rango de 50 -500 microgramos/ml. Además, cuando las células IR-HepG2 se trataron con 80 μg/mL de picrósido I, se encontró que tenía poco efecto sobre la viabilidad celular, aumentaba el consumo de glucosa, disminuía los niveles del metabolito de radicales libres dialdehído malónico y aumentaba la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa. Estos hallazgos indican que el picrósido I tiene el potencial de regular el estrés oxidativo en las células IR-HepG2, mejorando potencialmente la IR y exhibiendo actividad anti-T2DM.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90427147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of L-Pyroglutamic Acid on the Solubility of Puerarin: Preparation, Solid-State Characterization and Physicochemical Evaluation of Puerarin-L-Pyroglutamic Acid Co-Crystal","authors":"M. Inam, M. Jamshed, Idrees Rehman, Wahib Noor Khan, Muhammad Iqbal Zaman, Muhammad Adnan Akram, Tayba Chudhary","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1916","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Drug solubility plays a significant role in the successful therapeutic formulation. The objective of this work is enhancing the water solubility of Puerarin. We successfully synthesized a novel crystalline phase co-crystal of Puerarin (PUE) with L-pyroglutamic acid (PG) via recrystallization method and characterized by various solid-state characterization techniques. PXRD pattern shows the crystallinity phase co-crystal. The DSC analysis of co-crystal shows change in the thermal behavior compared with a pure form of PUE and PG. The FT-IR analysis shows change in the functional group frequency due to H-bonding interaction between PUE and PG molecule. The solubility of Pure PUE and co-crystal investigated in Pure water, pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution and pH 1.2 acidic medium.  co-crystal reveals improved solubility when compared with pure form of PUE. The time-dependent in vitro dissolution rate of co-crystal was more significant compared to the pure commercial form of PUE, demonstrating that co-crystal could be used as a useful product for pharmaceutical formulation with enhance properties.\u0000Resumen. La solubilidad de un fármaco juega un papel importante en su formulación farmacútica final. El objetivo de este trabajo es incrementar la solubilidad acuosa del compuesto puerarina. En este sentido, reportamos la síntesis de una nueva matriz cristalina, formada a través de la recristalización de una mezcla de puerarina (PUE) y ácido L-piroglutámico (PG). El patron de análisis DSC del co-cristal mostró un cambio términco comparado con PUE y PG puros. El análisis detallado del co-cristal por medio de infrarrojo (FT-IR) mostró un cambio en la fecuancia de absorción en la región característica de enlaces de hidrógeno entre PUE y PG. Comparamos la solubilidad de una muestra pura de PUE y la de una muestra del co-cristal en agua, en un buffer de fosfátos pH 6.8, y en medio acídico a pH 1.2. La muestra del co-cristal mostró un aumento significativo en la solubilidad acuosa, comparada con la de PUE en todos los medios. Además, el perfil de disolución de una mestra del co-cristal fue significativamente mayor que el perfil de disolución de PUE, demostrando que esta forma de co-cristalización es un procedimiento altamente efectivo para incrementar la solubilidad acuosa de PUE.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81176804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activities of Algerian Juniperus phoenicea and Salvia officinalis Essential Oils","authors":"Noura Ait-Mimoune, Fatima Kada, Houda Drider","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1921","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this work, the chemical composition, antioxidant and antifungal activities of Juniperus phoenicea and Salvia officinalis essential oils (Eos) were evaluated. The Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identification of S. officinalis Eo revealed the predominance of cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (64.82 %), and α- thujone (14.7 %).  The main compounds of J. phoenicea oil were α-Pinene (64.4 %) and δ-3-Carene (7.02 %).  The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method.  The most susceptible bacteria was  Staphylococcus aureus.  The antifungal activity was tested against Aspergillus and Penicillium species by the poisoned food method. The two essential oils (Eos) exhibited an antifungal activity, with S. officinalis oil being the most potent one (8-82 % of inhibition). The antioxidant activity was characterized by the DPPH free radical scavenging method.  J. phoenicea and S.officinalis Eos had both a moderate antioxidant effect. Additionally, an antagonistic effect was observed between the Eos when used in combination.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. En este trabajo se evaluó la composición química, actividad antioxidante y antifúngica de los aceites esenciales de Juniperus phoenicea y Salvia officinalis (Eos). La identificación por cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS) de los aceites de S. officinalis reveló el predominio del cis-crisantenil acetato (64.82%) y α-tujona (14.7%). Los principales compuestos del aceite de J. phoenicea fueron α-pineno (64.4%) y el δ-3-careno (7,02 %). La actividad antibacteriana se evaluó mediante el método de difusión en pozo de agar. La bacteria más susceptible fue Staphylococcus aureus. La actividad antifúngica se probó contra especies de Aspergillus y Penicillium por el método de alimentos envenenados. Los dos aceites esenciales exhibieron actividad antifúngica, siendo el aceite de S. officinalis el más potente (8-82% de inhibición). La actividad antioxidante se caracterizó por el método de captación de radicales libres DPPH. J. phoenicea y S.officinalis tuvieron un efecto antioxidante moderado. Además, se observó un efecto antagónico entre los Eos cuando se usaban en combinación.","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75103420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pennyroyal Essential Oil as a Green Pesticide for Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) Management and its Effects on Substrate Quality and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition","authors":"O. Bachrouch, Youkabed Zarroug, S. Bourgou, K. Charradi, J. Sriti, K. Msaada, Slim Jallouli, Kabas Chaibi, S. Haouel Hamdi, M. Abderraba, J. Mediouni Ben Jemâa","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1875","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the most damaging beetle species destroying stored products. Their management are difficult because they are developing resistance to insecticide. Essential oil application as bio-pesticide is receiving renewed attention. Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) is a relevant crop in the production of EO. The insecticidal effect of Tunisian pennyroyal EO were investigated against T. castaneum adults on wheat flour substrate under different occupation space conditions after 30 and 60 days of storage. EO impacts on wheat flour quality, volatile compounds retained by the treated substrate and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were examined. GC/MS analysis showed that EO major compounds was pulegone (39.15 %). Insect mortality was assessed when EO was applied at 196 µL/L air to the stored wheat flour at 50 % or 100 % container capacity. A highest mortality occurred at 50 % container capacity, with means at 32.8 % and 72.2 % after storing for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Volatile compounds retained by the treated wheat flour were characterized via Headspace analysis. Results underlined that long time of storage (mainly 60 days) allowed the retention of significant amounts of menthone. EO substrate treatment changed flour moisture and protein content. EO exhibited insecticidal activity via inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebroideae) es la especie de escarabajo más dañina que destruye productos almacenados. Su manejo es difícil debido al desarrollo de resistencia a insecticidas. La aplicación de aceites esenciales (AE´s) como bio-pesticidas está recibiendo atención renovada. El poleo (Mentha pulegium L.) es un cultivo relevante en la producción de AE. El efecto insecticida del aceite esencial de poleo Tunecino fue investigado contra adultos de T. castaneum mantenidos en sustrato de harina de trigo bajo diferentes condiciones de espacio después de 30 y 60 días de almacenamiento. El AE impacta sobre la calidad de la harina de trigo, se evaluaron los compuestos volátiles retenidos en el sustrato tratado y la actividad de acetilcolinesterasa (ACE). El análisis por CG/EM mostró que el compuesto mayoritario en el AE fue la pulegona (39.15 %). La mortalidad de los insectos fue evaluada cuando el AE fue aplicado a 196 mL/L de aire a harina de trigo almacenada a un 50 % y 100 % de la capacidad del contenedor. La mortalidad más alta ocurrió en el contenedor a un 50 % de capacidad, con promedios de 32 % y 72.7 % después de 30 y 60 días de almacenamiento, respectivamente. Los compuestos volátiles retenidos por la harina de trigo fueron caracterizados mediante un análisis por espacio de cabeza (Headspace). Los resultados resaltaron que un tiempo largo de almacenamiento (principalmente 60 días) permite la retención de cantidades significativas de metona. El tratamiento del sustrato con AE cambió la humedad y el contenido de proteína de la hari","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83854199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Processing Stage on the Bioactives of Tomato Purees Supplemented Preserved by Microwaves","authors":"Gabriel Ruiz Flores, Maricela Quiroz-Bravo, Mario Márquz Lemus, D. M. Hernández-Martínez, M. López-Cortez","doi":"10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i2.1877","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Tomatoes are a natural source of bioactive compounds. Most of these substances accumulate in the tomato skin and seeds and are scarce in the pulp, which is the main ingredient of tomato products. The application of technological processes as well as plant variety, cultivation, and harvesting conditions, can significantly affect the content and composition of phenolics in tomato fruit and tomato-based products. To increase the content of bioactive, in the present investigation a tomato puree supplemented with the seeds and skin of the fruit was prepared using tomatoes of Mexican origin. The bioactive compounds at each stage of the process were evaluated. The variation in bioactive compounds occurred during the tomato juice concentration stage. The retention of bioactive compounds was similar when conventional pasteurization and microwave treatment were applied independently, however, the microwave used a lower time. Tomato puree supplemented with seeds and skin presented a higher content of bioactive. There were no significant differences in the microbiological activity between pasteurization and microwave treatment since both heat treatments achieved similar microbial inactivation. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, resveratrol, quercetin, and naringenin were identified by HPLC. The microwave-treated tomato puree presented a less acidic taste, a more intense red color, and a more pleasant aroma compared to the pasteurized tomato puree. The PCA analysis showed that the processing stages that affect the polyphenolic content in the elaboration of tomato purees corresponded to the heat treatments appliednd and the concentration stage.\u0000 \u0000Resumen. Los tomates son una fuente natural de bioactivos. La mayoría de estas sustancias se acumulan en la piel y las semillas del tomate y son escasas en la pulpa, que es el ingrediente principal de los productos derivados del tomate. La aplicación de procesos tecnológicos, así como la variedad de plantas, el cultivo y las condiciones de cosecha, pueden afectar significativamente el contenido y la composición de compuestos fenólicos en el fruto del tomate y los productos a base de tomate. Para aumentar el contenido de bioactivos, en la presente investigación se preparó un puré de tomate suplementado con las semillas y la piel del fruto utilizando tomates de origen mexicano. Se evaluaron los compuestos bioactivos en cada etapa del proceso. La variación de los compuestos bioactivos ocurrió durante la etapa de concentración del jugo de tomate. La retención de compuestos bioactivos fue similar cuando la pasteurización convencional y el tratamiento con microondas se aplicaron de forma independiente, sin embargo, el microondas usó un tiempo menor. El puré de tomate suplementado con semillas y piel presentó mayor contenido de bioactivos. No hubo diferencias significativas en la actividad microbiológica entre la pasteurización y el tratamiento con microondas ya que ambos tratamientos térmicos lograron una inactivación micro","PeriodicalId":17377,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85650208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}