Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids最新文献

{"title":"A variational theory for soft shells","authors":"André M. Sonnet ,&nbsp;Epifanio G. Virga","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three general modes are distinguished in the deformation of a thin shell; these are <em>stretching</em>, <em>drilling</em>, and <em>bending</em>. Of these, the drilling mode is the one more likely to emerge in a <em>soft matter</em> shell (as compared to a hard, structural one), as it is ignited by a swerve of material fibers about the local normal. We propose a hyperelastic theory for soft shells, based on a separation criterion that envisages the strain-energy density as the sum of three independent pure measures of stretching, drilling, and bending. Each individual measure is prescribed to vanish on all other companion modes. The result is a direct, second-grade theory featuring a bending energy <em>quartic</em> in an invariant strain descriptor that stems from the polar rotation hidden in the deformation gradient (although quadratic energies are also appropriate in special cases). The proposed energy functional has a multi-well character, which fosters cases of <em>soft elasticity</em> (with a continuum of ground states) related to minimal surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multiscale mechanics of axon durotaxis","authors":"Christoforos Kassianides ,&nbsp;Alain Goriely ,&nbsp;Hadrien Oliveri","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During neurodevelopment, neuronal axons navigate through the extracellular environment, guided by various cues to establish connections with distant target cells. Among other factors, axon trajectories are influenced by heterogeneities in environmental stiffness, a process known as <em>durotaxis</em>, the guidance by substrate stiffness gradients. Here, we develop a three-scale model for axonal durotaxis. At the molecular scale, we characterise the mechanical interaction between the axonal growth cone cytoskeleton, based on molecular-clutch-type interactions dependent on substrate stiffness. At the growth cone scale, we spatially integrate this relationship to obtain a model for the traction generated by the entire growth cone. Finally, at the cell scale, we model the axon as a morphoelastic filament growing on an adhesive substrate, and subject to durotactic growth cone traction. Firstly, the model predicts that, depending on the local substrate stiffness, axons may exhibit positive or negative durotaxis, and we show that this key property entails the existence of attractive zones of preferential stiffness in the substrate domain. Second, we show that axons will exhibit reflective and refractive behaviour across interface between regions of different stiffness, a basic process which may serve in the deflection of axons. Lastly, we test our model in a biological scenario wherein durotaxis was previously identified as a possible guidance mechanism <em>in vivo</em>. Overall, this work provides a general mechanistic theory for exploring complex effects in axonal mechanotaxis and guidance in general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106134"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tunable entanglement and strength with engineered staple-like particles: Experiments and discrete element models","authors":"Saeed Pezeshki ,&nbsp;Youhan Sohn ,&nbsp;Vivien Fouquet ,&nbsp;Francois Barthelat","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entangled matter displays unusual and attractive properties and mechanisms: tensile strength, capabilities for assembly and disassembly, damage tolerance. While some of the attributes and mechanisms share some traits with traditional granular materials, fewer studies have focused on entanglement and strength and there are large gaps in our understanding of the mechanics of these materials. In this report we focus on the tensile properties and mechanics of bundles made of staple-like particles, and particularly on the effect of adjusting the angle between the legs and the crown in individual staples. Our experiments, combined with discrete element models, show competing mechanisms between entanglement strength and geometric engagement between particles, giving rise to an optimum crown-leg angle that maximizes strength. We also show that tensile forces are transmitted by a small fraction of the staples, which is organized in only 1–3 force chains. The formation and breakage of these chains is highly dynamic: as force chains break, they are replaced by fresh ones which were previously mechanically invisible. Entangled matter offers interesting perspectives in terms of materials design which can lead to unusual combination of properties: simultaneous strength and toughness, controlled assembly and disassembly, re-conformability, recyclability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143748276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nonlinear elastic deformation of liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers","authors":"Oluwadara Moronkeji ,&nbsp;Fabio Sozio ,&nbsp;Kamalendu Ghosh ,&nbsp;Amira Meddeb ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Farahani ,&nbsp;Zoubeida Ounaies ,&nbsp;Ioannis Chasiotis ,&nbsp;Oscar Lopez-Pamies","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elastomers filled with liquid inclusions — as opposed to conventional solid fillers — are a recent trend in the soft matter community because of their unique range of mechanical and physical properties. Such properties stem, in part, from the very large deformations that the underlying liquid inclusions are capable of undergoing. With the objective of advancing the understanding of the mechanics of this emerging class of materials, this paper presents a combined experimental/theoretical study of the nonlinear elastic deformation of initially spherical liquid inclusions embedded in elastomers that are subjected to quasistatic mechanical loads. The focus is on two fundamental problems, both within the limit regime when elasto-capillarity effects are negligible: (<span><math><mi>i</mi></math></span>) the problem of an isolated inclusion and (<span><math><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi></mrow></math></span>) that of a pair of closely interacting inclusions. Experimentally, specimens made of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer filled with either isolated or pairs of initially spherical liquid glycerol inclusions are subjected to uniaxial tension. For the specimens with pairs of inclusions, three orientations of the two inclusions with respect to the direction of the applied macroscopic tensile load are considered, 0°, 45°, and 90°. The liquid glycerol is stained with a fluorescent dye that permits to measure the local deformation of the inclusions <em>in situ</em> via confocal laser scanning fluorescent microscopy. Theoretically, a recently developed framework — wherein the elastomer is considered to be a nonlinear elastic solid, the liquid comprising the inclusions is considered to be a nonlinear elastic fluid, and the interfaces separating the elastomer from the liquid inclusions can feature their own nonlinear elastic behavior (e.g., surface tension) — is utilized to carry out full-field simulations of the experiments. <em>Inter alia</em>, the results show that the deformation of liquid inclusions is significantly non-uniform and strongly influenced by the presence of other liquid inclusions around them. Interestingly, they also show that the large compressive stretches that localize at the poles of the inclusions may result in the development of creases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotropic metamaterial stiffness beyond Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound","authors":"Manish Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Chang Quan Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since its introduction more than 60 years ago, the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound has stood as the theoretical limit for the stiffness of isotropic composites and porous solids, acting as an important reference against which the moduli of heterogeneous structural materials are assessed. Here, we show through first-principles calculations, supported by finite element simulations, that the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bound can be exceeded by the <em>isotropic</em> elastic response of an anisotropic structure constructed from an anisotropic material. The material and structural anisotropies mutually reinforce each other to realize the overall isotropic response, without incurring the mass penalty faced by the hybridization of geometries with complementary anisotropies. 3 designs were investigated (plate BCC, plate FCC and plate SC) but only plate SC yielded a solution for the anisotropic properties of the material, which are remarkably similar to that of single crystal nickel and single crystal ferrite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational design of additively manufacturable, cost-effective, high-strength aluminum alloys exploiting rapid solidification","authors":"Benjamin Glaser ,&nbsp;A. John Hart ,&nbsp;S. Mohadeseh Taheri-Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aluminum (Al) alloys are widely used in aerospace and automotive industries as a result of their high strength-to-density ratio and cost-effectiveness, with their use at room temperature in housings and brackets. Although additive manufacturing (AM) facilitates the manufacturing of high-temperature aluminum alloys (200-400°C) to enable their potential use in intake fans and engine pistons, few alloying systems can sufficiently inhibit dislocation motions to achieve high strength, and their dislocation blockage features can hardly be retained at elevated temperatures. The high-demand service also requires reducing the material cost and CO₂ emissions (net cost) without sacrificing mechanical performance. The two main blockage features for Al alloys are: the introduction of pinning sites that disrupt dislocation motions, generating tortuous paths; and interfaces that cause dislocation pileups and prevent plastic deformation. The mechanical design of the microstructure promotes an increase in the percentage of volume and a reduction in the length scale of these features to achieve higher strength. Here, we show that we can exploit rapid solidification in laser-based AM to introduce new pathways to achieve the mechanical design via precipitation of metastable phases that form at high fractions and with sub-micron length scale. Furthermore, with thermal aging, these phases transform into exceptional volumes of nanometer-scale pinning sites that are stable at high temperatures. We performed high-throughput calculated phase diagram (CALPHAD)-based integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) simulations along with inverse design using Bayesian optimization. We propose Al-Ni-Er-Zr-Y as a class of Al alloy that the cost/strength trade-off can be tailored by Er/Y ratio. Our high-temperature design has 95% strength of a benchmark printable Al alloy with 15% anticipated net cost savings. For room temperature use, by substituting Er with Y, in the first design, metastable phases can be exploited to achieve 3<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span> room-temperature strengthening of the benchmark design with a 60% net cost reduction. The second design matches the strength of the benchmark alloy with 80% net cost savings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106120"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143808727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid effects on the fracture toughness of gels","authors":"Prashant K. Purohit,&nbsp;John L. Bassani","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fracture of polymeric gels has been of growing interest in the last two decades. Well established continuum theories that couple large deformations and fluid diffusion have been applied to gels to determine crack tip fields and the energy release rate. Some studies have combined experiment and calculations to determine the fracture toughness of gels and have shown that fluid effects make a substantial contribution to the toughness. Here we adopt a micro-mechanical view to estimate the fracture toughness of gels, defined as the critical (total) energy release rate, and show how the initiation toughness can be written as a combination of contributions from fiber scission and of fluid–solid demixing at the crack tip. This estimate is based on knowledge of a critical stretch and an associated volumetric strain when fracture is incipient and reveals dependencies on material properties including the solid volume fraction of gels. There have been no known ways to measure the de-mixing contribution directly from experiments, but the results in this paper provide a methodology. We also show how dissipation due to fluid motion as the crack propagates can contribute to the fracture toughness. Detailed results are presented for fibrin gels, which are the main structural component of blood clots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106125"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Odd elasticity of cylindrical shells and Kirchhoff–Love plates under classic continuum theory","authors":"Zachary Wolfgram,&nbsp;Martin Ostoja-Starzewski","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Odd elastic behavior is investigated in 2d structures with only the odd elastic parameter <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> under classic continuum theory. For the Kirchhoff–Love plate with a constant <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>, the displacement formulation is independent of the odd parameter, whereas the moment formulation shows dependence. A simply-supported plate under a uniformly distributed load and center point load is investigated using the displacement formulation to determine non-obvious moment fields. A general overview of cylindrical shells with odd elasticity is presented with the approach for the Donnell, Sander, and Flügge models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors’ preface","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the effective polymer network on the extremely large deformation and fracture behaviors of polyacrylamide hydrogels","authors":"Jincheng Lei ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Shuai Xu ,&nbsp;Linchun He ,&nbsp;Zishun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmps.2025.106124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current constitutive theories and fracture models face difficulties in capturing the extremely large deformation and fracture behaviors of hydrogels, because the structural and mechanical properties of the effective polymer network dominated in hydrogels are still unknown. In this study, we propose a periodic random network (PRN) method to construct the effective polymer network model of polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel from the bottom up and reveal the effect of the effective polymer network on the extremely large deformation and fracture behaviors of PAAm hydrogels. It is surprising that the PRN models determined by only three parameters capture the extremely large deformation and fracture behaviors of PAAm hydrogel in uniaxial tension experiments very well. The PRN models measure that only about 20 % of monomers and crosslinkers form the effective network in the PAAm hydrogel samples in this work, and the mean monomer number of the effective chains in PAAm hydrogels deviates a lot from that estimated by the ideal network assumption. An anisotropic damage accumulation process of PAAm hydrogel under extremely large deformation before bulk fracture is predicted by PRN models, which has been observed in previous experiments but not explained. This is the fundamental cause that the Lake-Thomas model underestimates the intrinsic fracture toughness of PAAm hydrogels very much. This work provides an insightful method to measure the structural and mechanical properties of hydrogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17331,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Mechanics and Physics of Solids","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 106124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}