Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments最新文献

{"title":"Close to nature silviculture and systemic silviculture. Theories, axioms, states and processes","authors":"O. Ciancio","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2009.6.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2009.6.01","url":null,"abstract":"Il terzo Congresso di Selvicoltura ha provocato nel mondo forestale un accesodibattito sulla selvicoltura sistemica in contrapposto alla selvicoltura naturalistica.I sostenitori della selvicoltura naturalistica sostengono tre tesi: la selvicoltura sistemica nella pratica applicativa non si discosta dalla selvicoltura naturalistica; la selvicoltura sistemica e priva di una verifica empirica; la selvicoltura sistemica ha fondamenta fragili perche non e possibile immaginare un bosco astrutturato. Si esaminano le teorie, gli assiomi, gli stati e i processi che interessano la ricerca in ecologia, selvicoltura, assestamento e gestione forestale, allo scopo di chiarire le posizioni inerenti la selvicoltura sistemica e la selvicoltura naturalistica. L’analisi svolta dimostra chiaramente che vi e una profonda differenza fra la selvicoltura naturalistica e la selvicoltura sistemica per gli obiettivi, il paradigma scientifico e e conseguenze economiche ed etiche.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132883077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A database on truffles diffusion on forestation plot: the contribution to biodiversity by forest ecosystem","authors":"Anna Maria Meoni, Paola Imola, F. Biondi","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2012.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2012.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"The “Nocella” forest farm (Ficulle Umbria Italy) presents database collection of spontaneous truffle production following the forestation of fields previously cultivated with traditional crops. Critical points and constraints to reach the assessment of the symbiotic plants and the truffle quarries are explained. Some of the first results of the Multivariate Analysis MVA analysis on the database and soil analysis are reported and the map of truffle quarries and “cultivar” and forest plants is presented. The non-wood forest products, as truffles are, have agro- forestry theoretical and operational consequences for the conservation of biodiversity. The data popularization of detailed data of truffle production is not popular, even it is a scientific task to fulfill a complete understanding of the ecosystem. The truffle’s “underground” economy and the anthropological convictions are hostile surroundings. The importance of improving cooperation of sociology and forest sciences for forestry management needs more efforts. Silence due to an underground economy does not help the safeguard of truffle heritage, which, though a renewable resource, is tied to a complex and vulnerable forest ecosystem. Silence nevertheless enhances the abuses by illegal hunters who are used to prey upon the forest. We can confirm that the area of study is an ecosystem that changes and grows constantly with a collection of truffles compatible and respectful of biodiversity. Multivariate analysis (MVA) of the data would suggest good reasons for more investigation on soil and partly confirm the mythical mind of the truffle hunters.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"457 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133270250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural patterns, growth processes, carbon stocks in an Italian network of old-growth beech forests.","authors":"G. Piovesan, A. Alessandrini, M. Baliva, T. Chiti, E. D’Andrea, B. Cinti, A. Filippo, L. Hermanin, M. Lauteri, G. Mugnozza, B. Schirone, E. Ziaco, G. Matteucci","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2010.5.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2010.5.07","url":null,"abstract":"In the framework of the Project of National Interest (PRIN) “Climate change and forests - Dendroecological and ecophysiological responses, productivity and carbon balance on the Italian network of old-growth beech forests”, 9 old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests were sampled in the eastern Alps and in the central Apennines to assess: i) the degree of ‘old-growthness’ on a structural and dendroecological basis; ii) the carbon (C) stocks in the different ecosystem compartments; iii) some ecophysiological traits using stable isotopes. Live and dead tree structure, soil features and C stocks were examined in some among the oldest and less disturbed beech forests in Italy. Furthermore, leaves, litter and wood cores were sampled for concurrent dendroecological, nutrient and stable isotope analysis, to study age structure, disturbance history and medium- and long-term response to climate and ecophysiological traits. In all sampled stands, values of basal area, volume and large trees density reached or exceeded control values reported for European and North American old-growth forests, while total amount of deadwood was generally low, except in two sites. Diameter distribution showed a remarkable differentiation from bimodal to ‘rotated-sigmoid’ curve. In accordance with structural analyses, disturbance chronologies revealed the importance of frequent low-to-moderate events in generating a fine-scale structure, confirming previousresults on beech forests. Different degrees of ‘old-growthness’ were identified for Alpine and Apennine beech stands through the ‘structural-based approach’, which proved to be a valid tool for old-growth forests detection. Preliminary results on carbon stocks on a subset of sites indicate that these old-growth forests are relevant carbon reservoirs, with 192-268 MgC ha-1 of total biomass (67-73% aboveground; 27-33% belowground, 4 stands) and 7-21 MgC ha-1 of deadwood. In these stands, also forest floor (excluding deadwood) and soils are stores of relevant amount of carbon (5-9 MgC ha-1 litter layer, 4 stands; 168-420 MgC ha-1 mineral soil, 3 stands). Finally, carbon isotope  discrimination (Δ) analysis, a proxy of wateruse efficiency, was applied on tree-ring cores from a subset of sites. The  perspectives of this technique for a retrospective ecophysiological interpretation of climate-change impact on old-growth forests were described. Preliminary results obtained within this PRIN project indicate that the reported ecological indicators can be used to produce a description of forest structures and processes driving stand dynamics (‘structural-based approach’). Furthermore, the use of multiple sampling and research techniques and the integration of research groups with complementary expertise can foster deeper understanding of the ecology and dynamics of old-growth forests.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133120385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowing hunting, knowing hunters: a communication project","authors":"Sandro Flaim","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2009.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2009.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"L’Associazione Cacciatori Trentini ha voluto aprirsi al dialogo con la Societa trentina, promuovendo una serie di iniziative di comunicazione che facciano capire alla gente il vero ruolo del moderno cacciatore di montagna.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127429481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A parameter-based method for determining thinning intensity","authors":"Piermaria Corona, S. Nocentini","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2009.6.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2009.6.02","url":null,"abstract":"A method for quantifying thinning intensity in experimental trials in even aged stands is proposed. The method (ICN) is based on Assmann’s theory and assesses thinning intensity in terms of percentage of basal area to be removed. According to the proposed method, maximum stand basal area of an even-aged stand is expressed in terms of its dominant height. The ICN index was used to quantify thinning intensity in an objective and replicable manner in experimental comparisons among different thinning intensities in black pine reforestations in Tuscany (Italy).","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125816516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy options for mainstreaming forest-based mitigation measures in EU rural development.","authors":"V. Piana","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2012.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2012.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the next programming period 2014-2020, climate change will arguably raise as a cross-cutting issue in many – if not most – policies of the EU, including programs and funding related to e.g. energy, transport, research, infrastructure, urban and rural development. Early signs of this attention can be seen in the implementation of the current period, also keeping into account the significant delay in spending, which will prompt reallocation of funds as well as the inclusion of further criteria for awarded projects. The recent EU Green Paper on “Forest Protection and Information in the EU: Preparing forests to climate change” [COM (2010)66] and the launch of a debate on options, including the subsequent public consultation, is somehow an exploration for this increase in awareness and for the respective roles of different governance levels. We are in a relatively early phase of development, so this paper raises more questions than provides answers for mainstreaming mitigation (and adaptation) measures in a rural development in which forests and OWL (Other wooded land) play a potentially important role, highlighting opportunities and constraints concerning the forest sector in the context of socio-economic development of rural areas. Indeed, the theme is elusive as for its relevance at EU level: on the one hand, some think that forests could be fast and cheap means for sizeable mitigation and adaptation to climate change, but, on the other hand, the sector, and this environmental function / ecosystem service, is currently under-funded and marginal in public discourse, while the political, social and environmental sustainability of this function might exhibit the need for caution and qualifications.The paper explores, among other issues, the options for mainstreaming mitigation policies through additionality or restructuring rural policies, by proposing a sector-specific or a standardised carbon price, to be paid for stocks or for land-use change and quality, in European or tropical forests, through price and non-price policies.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"10 36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128068253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of monumental trees and old-growth forests in biodiversity conservation","authors":"D. D. Santo","doi":"10.4129/ifm.2015.6.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/ifm.2015.6.02","url":null,"abstract":"Monumental trees and old-growth forests are important elements for biodiversity conserva-tion. Large or veteran trees in forests as well as urban areas, provide numerous ecological niches to a variety of animal and plant species, also of conservation interest, which are largely dependent on bigger trees.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125480869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NICHE HETEROGENEITY AND OLD-GROWTH FORESTS CONSERVATION VALUE","authors":"F. Sabatini, S. Burrascano, C. Blasi","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2010.5.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2010.5.10","url":null,"abstract":"Vascular plants understorey of an old-growth beech forest was compared to a managed stand, similar for biogeographical, climatic and abiotic features. Parametric tests and accumulation and rarefaction curves were used to compare the stands in terms of vascular plant diversity at stand level and among sampling units. The sampled understorey species were characterized in terms of functional traits and Ellenberg’s indicator values; next, we calculated four different pairwise plot-to-plot dissimilarity matrices based on: 1. species presence/absence, 2. cover values, 3. functional traits and 4. Ellenberg’s indices. We applied a permutational multivariate extension of ANOVA to test whether the forest stands significantly differ in the considered features. Furthermore we used fourth corner analysis to highlight which single functional trait is significantly associated to each stand. Although not richer at plot level the old-growth stand resulted more diverse both at stand level and in terms of among-plots diversity than the managed one. All the comparisons performed through permutational multivariate ANOVA showed significant differences, with the exception of the one based on Ellenberg’s indices. From a functional and ecological perspective in the old-growth forest we noted: 1. a relative increase of hemicryptophyte species with limited dispersal abilities (antdispersed or non specialized); 2. a decrease in early-flowering geophytes; 3. a parallel increment in small seeded, wind-dispersed species adapted to relatively open and bright conditions (gaps). Our results suggest that in the old-growth stand the high vertical and horizontal structural heterogeneity of the canopy modulates the ecological conditions at the forest floor and increases the environmental heterogeneity. This mechanism is likely to allow the coexistence of a higher number of species, with different ecological requirements.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126730831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest management plan and rules in Latium Regium.","authors":"Lucia Cavagnuolo, P. Gaglioppa, Antonio Zani","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2009.5.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2009.5.04","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of Lazio Regional Forest Plan has been an important opportunity for an in-depth examination of the existing situation of the woods in the area, and for their planning in the Region.328 On the occasion of the compilation of this planning document, it is necessary to have a better definition of the Regional legislation, together with better opportunities to discuss the crucial matters. This article examines the present situation of the planning, in force and on approval, considering its juridical nature and the existing indenture regime; it has been moreover analyzed its trend and the data has been compared with the one referring with the conservation of the territory and the preservation of the biodiversities (AANNPP and Rete Natura 2000)","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"2021 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128073813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of public expenditure for the Lazio Region forest sector. 1st part: E.U. resources","authors":"F. Carbone, C. Cattena, S. Savelli, Tonino Torrigiani","doi":"10.4129/IFM.2009.6.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4129/IFM.2009.6.05","url":null,"abstract":"Since ’80, the European Union assured financial resources to the forest sector through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), and then starting from 2000 using Rural and Environmental Policies. In the paper, the Authors investigate the various EU programs and describe objectives, process selection of project and expenditure planned and carried out. For each program the expenditure coefficient and the amount of public resources unutilised have been determined.","PeriodicalId":173092,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Forest and Mountain Environments","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129332647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}