Journal of The World Aquaculture Society最新文献

{"title":"Design, evaluation, and validation of specific primers for accurate detection of VHS virus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Mohammad Kazem Momeni,&nbsp;Mohsen Mobini-Dehkordi,&nbsp;Amin Nematollahi","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate detection of Piscine novirhabdovirus (PNRV), also know as viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is essential for effective aquaculture disease management. This study developed strain-inclusive primers targeting the conserved glycoprotein (G) gene using integrated bioinformatics approaches (NCBI Primer-BLAST, CLUSTAL W, ALLELE ID, OLIGO). The primer set was designed to detect approximately 200 VHSV strains while maintaining stringent analytical specificity, demonstrating no cross-reactivity with rainbow trout or human genomic sequences, nor with clinically relevant salmonid pathogens (IPNV, IHNV). Samples from Iranian fish farms underwent standardized molecular processing: RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Conventional PCR consistently identified a 129 bp target fragment, whereas real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated robust sensitivity across serial cDNA dilutions (1:1 to 1:256). Melt curve analysis and gel electrophoresis confirmed primer specificity and amplification accuracy. Owing to its diagnostic performance, the primer set exhibited functional flexibility across annealing temperatures (53–66°C), enabling optimization for variable sensitivity and strain inclusivity to detect attenuated viral loads and potential genomic variants. This investigation provides a rapid, sensitive, and highly specific molecular diagnostic tool for VHSV surveillance. These findings underscore the imperative for region-specific diagnostic kits capable of addressing viral genetic heterogeneity and enhancing disease control efficacy in rainbow trout aquaculture systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149047918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an open formula reference diet on California yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis) Broodstock","authors":"Kevin Stuart,&nbsp;Lee A. Fuiman,&nbsp;Mark Drawbridge","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reliable production of marine finfish is contingent on the quantity and quality of the eggs available from the broodstock. Proper broodstock nutrition is critical for maintaining a supply of good quality eggs. Here, we compared an open-formula reference diet (OFRD; 18 mm pellet) and a commercial broodstock diet (Europa, Skretting; 12 mm pellet) when fed to California yellowtail (CYT; <i>Seriola dorsalis</i>). The aim was to determine if egg production and quality were impacted by these formulated diets. A total of 16 F2 generation CYT broodstock (2 females; 2 males per tank) were held in four 10 m³ tanks under ambient temperature and photoperiod. We alternated each diet twice over four 6-week periods through the spawning season. The OFRD-fed fish spawned 20 times and produced 16.9 million eggs with an average viability of 53.6%, while the Europa-fed fish spawned 21 times and produced 18.1 million eggs with an average viability of 53.8%. There were no significant differences in total eggs produced, viability rates, egg morphometrics, hatch rates, or survival to first feeding. There were significant biochemical differences between the diets as well as in notochord length at hatch. Based on the results from these trials, the OFRD can be used in future experimental work as a tool to determine dietary needs for CYT broodstock.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The appropriate dietary methionine content reduces deamination and gluconeogenesis in Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi)","authors":"Xinyao Ji,&nbsp;Jiacheng Hu,&nbsp;Baoye Hao,&nbsp;Jinguo Chen,&nbsp;Binhua Niu,&nbsp;Yufei Zhang,&nbsp;Xu-Fang Liang,&nbsp;Liwei Liu","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70099","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effects of different dietary methionine (Met) levels on the feeding, growth, and protein metabolism of Chinese perch, <i>Siniperca chuatsi</i>. Six diets containing graded levels of Met (0.88%, 1.11%, 1.68%, 2.02%, 2.27%, and 2.72%) were fed to fish (initial weight: 13.74 ± 0.12 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that 1.68% dietary Met significantly improved the growth of Chinese perch, with a feeding rate of 3.50 ± 0.19%/d, which was considerably higher than that of the other groups. In the brains of fish fed the diet with 1.68% Met, mRNA expression of the cocaine amphetamine-regulated transcript gene, an inhibitor of feeding, decreased significantly, which could promote fish appetite and increase feed intake. When the concentration of dietary Met was 1.68%, the processes of deamination and gluconeogenesis were inhibited, showing a decrease in the expression levels of glutamate dehydrogenase (<i>gdh</i>), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (<i>pepck</i>), and glucose-6-phosphatase (<i>g6pase</i>) in the fish liver. Moreover, the expression of genes related to the amino acid catabolism and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway was also decreased in the 1.68% dietary Met group, while protein synthesis was promoted and protein decomposition was inhibited. However, when the Met content was more than 2.02%, the feed intake and utilization decreased, resulting in slower growth of Chinese perch. When the Met content reached 2.72%, the weight gain rate (WGR) decreased by about 38.3%, and the specific growth rate (SGR) decreased by about 29.9% compared with fish fed with 1.68% dietary Met. After orthogonal polynomial regression analysis, the recommended dietary Met concentration for Chinese perch ranges from 1.73% to 1.75%, which can improve feed utilization by promoting protein utilization of Chinese perch and reducing gluconeogenesis. Combined with high feed intake, optimal growth can be achieved. This study clarifies Met's role in regulating Chinese perch amino acid metabolism and energy homeostasis, providing a basis for eco-friendly feeds (reducing ammonia excretion by inhibiting deamination to support sustainable aquaculture). Future studies could explore Met's synergies with other essential amino acids, its requirements under different environmental conditions (e.g., water temperature), or validate its regulation of AAR/TOR pathways via in vitro experiments to deepen the understanding of Met metabolism in carnivorous fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct valvometry signal patterns associated with spawning and fecal ejection in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis","authors":"Maria PosadaGarcia,&nbsp;Miguel Gilcoto,&nbsp;Jose M. F. Babarro,&nbsp;Elsa Silva,&nbsp;Laura G. Peteiro","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spain is the largest European producer of mussels for human consumption, and this production depends heavily on mussel seed availability. However, multiple environmental factors make it difficult to accurately predict the timing for deploying seed-collector ropes, posing a challenge in seed supply and production management. New tools are therefore being explored to help anticipate spawning events in mussels. In this work, a cost-effective High-Frequency Non-Invasive (HFNI) valvometry apparatus based on Hall-effect sensors was used to explore spawning-related valve-movement patterns in <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>. Spawning produced distinct zig-zag-shaped spikes spaced by approximately 10–20 min. A total of 12 mussels spawned during the study, and this waveform was consistently observed across all spawning individuals. Based on these patterns, a preliminary detection protocol for a biological early warning system (BEWS) was developed using periodicity as the main detection criterion, achieving a sensitivity of 0.75 and a precision of 0.25. Video inspection showed that false positives corresponded to fecal-pellet ejection, which generated characteristic M- and W-shaped waveforms. These findings suggest the importance of waveform shape as a behavioral marker in mussel valvometry, providing a basis for future improvements in mussel-based biosensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofloc-based aquaculture: From monoculture to integrated systems","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Khanjani,&nbsp;Otávio Augusto Lacerda Ferreira Pimentel,&nbsp;Soibam Khogen Singh,&nbsp;Luis Henrique da Silva Poersch,&nbsp;Felipe Boéchat Vieira,&nbsp;Gabriella do Vale Pereira,&nbsp;Gholamreza Ghaedi,&nbsp;Alireza Mohammadi,&nbsp;Saeed Hajirezaee,&nbsp;Alireza Ghaedi,&nbsp;Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The demand for high-quality protein has been growing in recent years, led by population growth. The development of aquaculture has been considered one of the solutions to ensure food security worldwide. New farming technologies have been promoted to increase productivity and, at the same time, minimize environmental impacts. During the past decades, biofloc technology (BFT) has emerged as a sustainable and cost-efficient culture method. In terms of its optimization, BFT can be integrated with other aquaculture systems, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and aquaponics, which is called FLOCponics. Biological compatibility among different cultivated organisms poses a key challenge for the integration of species. The proper combination of species with different trophic levels can control dissolved nutrients and organic matter that often build up in BFT. Recent studies revealed that macroalgae and marine fish can promote better water quality when integrated with shrimp produced in BFT. In addition, the microbial and nutrient-rich content of biofloc effluents enables water reuse over multiple culture cycles or nutrient uptake by plants in FLOCponics. These different approaches are aligned with principles of circular economy and promote better input utilization and efficiency. This review investigates biofloc as the basis of IMTA and FLOCponics, presents key literature related to biofloc-based integrated systems, and discusses current bottlenecks and future perspectives.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the significance of Kenya's indigenous and emerging blue foods for sustainable aquaculture development. A review","authors":"Jonathan Munguti,&nbsp;Mavindu Muthoka,&nbsp;Domitila Kyule,&nbsp;Esther Magondu,&nbsp;Kevin Obiero,&nbsp;Jimmy Mboya,&nbsp;Menaga Meenakshisundaram,&nbsp;Tanga M. Chrysantus,&nbsp;Gerald Kwikiriza,&nbsp;Francis K. Njonge","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kenya's aquaculture sector is at a pivotal stage, transitioning from a historical reliance on Nile tilapia and African catfish toward a more diversified production portfolio that integrates indigenous and emerging freshwater and marine species. This shift is increasingly recognized as essential to enhance climate resilience, food security, and ecosystem health. This systematic review synthesizes more than two decades (2000 to 31st January, 2026) of peer-reviewed literature to evaluate the biological suitability, culture performance, and socio-ecological roles of underutilized native taxa, including Ningu (<i>Labeo victorianus)</i>, Jipe tilapia (<i>Oreochromis jipe)</i>, freshwater prawns (<i>Macrobrachium</i> spp.), rabbitfish (<i>Siganus sutor</i>), marine-acclimatized Nile tilapia, mud crab (<i>Scylla serrata</i>), sea cucumber (<i>Holothuria scabra</i>), oysters (<i>Crassostrea cucullata</i>), and seaweeds (<i>Eucheuma, Kappaphycus</i>, and <i>Ulva</i> spp.). Literature indexed in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library was thematically synthesized across four domains: species biology and fishery status; culture systems and trials; constraints to domestication and commercialization; and potential roles within diversified culture systems. The findings indicate strong ecological adaptability and market potential among several indigenous species; however, their domestication and commercialization remain constrained by unreliable seed supply, underdeveloped hatchery and feed systems, limited access to capital and technical capacity, and weak processing, certification, market, and distribution networks. Culture trials demonstrate the viability of low-input and integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems that link finfish, crustaceans, bivalves, and seaweeds to nutrient recycling and habitat restoration. Economically, low-input species such as seaweeds, oysters, milkfish, and rabbitfish offer opportunities to reduce dependence on formulated feeds and diversify household incomes, while mud crab, sea cucumber, and Macrobrachium prawns provide higher-value coastal and export-oriented opportunities but require greater investment before scale-up. Accordingly, the proposed phased roadmap prioritizes marine-acclimatized <i>O. niloticus</i>, the Lake Baringo strain of <i>O. niloticus</i>, seaweeds, oysters, milkfish, and rabbitfish for near-term farmer and enterprise development, mud crab, sea cucumber, and indigenous Macrobrachium prawns for medium-term high-value development, and <i>O. jipe</i> and <i>L. victorianus</i> primarily for conservation-oriented aquaculture. Coordinated investment in hatchery development, seed quality, selective breeding, market assessment, feed innovation, and value-chain integration is therefore needed to translate these opportunities into commercially viable, climate-resilient blue-food systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary shrimp by-product meal as a fishmeal replacement: Effects on growth performance and acute stress responses in juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)","authors":"Deni Aulia,&nbsp;Hyuncheol Jeon,&nbsp;Haham Kim,&nbsp;Md Hashibur Rahman,&nbsp;Hsu Lae Yee Toe,&nbsp;Junhyeok Hur,&nbsp;Haeun Jang,&nbsp;Sanghyun Park,&nbsp;Jaeun Kim,&nbsp;Jinho Heo,&nbsp;Eunjae Jung,&nbsp;I Nyoman Radiarta,&nbsp;Seunghyung Lee","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable aquafeed development requires alternative protein sources that reduce dependence on fishmeal without compromising shrimp performance. This study evaluated shrimp by-product meal (SBM) as a fishmeal replacer in juvenile Pacific white shrimp (<i>Penaeus vannamei</i>) and assessed their responses to acute air exposure stress. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with SBM inclusion levels of 0%, 5.04%, 10.08%, 15.12%, 20.16%, and 25.20%, designated SBM0, SBM20, SBM40, SBM60, SBM80, and SBM100, respectively. These inclusion levels corresponded to 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% replacement of dietary fishmeal, respectively. A total of 450 shrimp with an initial body weight of 3.11 ± 0.02 g were fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks and subsequently subjected to 20 min of air exposure. Fishmeal replacement with SBM up to 40% did not compromise growth performance, whereas replacement levels of 60%–100% resulted in reduced weight gain and specific growth rate. Survival was higher in most SBM-fed groups, while whole-body proximate composition, amino acid profile, and fatty acid composition were unaffected. No significant interaction between dietary SBM level and air exposure was observed for plasma metabolites, ionic parameters, or selected hepatopancreatic gene-expression responses. Air exposure increased plasma transaminases, glucose, circulating lipids, and major ions and reduced <i>gpx</i> expression. Overall, SBM replaced up to 40% of dietary fishmeal without impairing growth performance and did not exacerbate the measured responses to acute air exposure under the present experimental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Year-round spawning increases throughput of genetic modification of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Julie Badger,&nbsp;Nicholas K. Jacob,&nbsp;Colby Johnson,&nbsp;Leland Feist,&nbsp;Samuel E. Erickson,&nbsp;Isabel Ameli,&nbsp;Dimitri Perusse,&nbsp;Alex W. Bajcz,&nbsp;Kieran Smith,&nbsp;Kaitlin Machina,&nbsp;Siba R. Das,&nbsp;Przemyslaw G. Bajer,&nbsp;Michael J. Smanski","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) is an economically and ecologically significant species. It is both one of the most highly produced fish in aquaculture globally and a persistent, widespread invasive species. Research efforts focused on understanding its biology, improving traits for aquaculture, and generating next-generation carp control technologies, all of which benefit from reliable and robust protocols for spawning and genetic transformation. Here, we report a retrospective analysis of carp husbandry and spawning experiments to identify key parameters influencing the successful production of viable embryos in laboratory settings. Next, we produced brightly fluorescent transgenic common carp using the Tol2 transposase system to deliver DNA encoding a fluorescent reporter and demonstrated the transgene was heritable. We also attempted to optimize other protocols related to the production of genetically modified common carp, such as finding the ideal cryoprotectant exposure time for sperm cryopreservation, testing egg de-adhesion solutions, and identifying conditions affecting storage time of unfertilized eggs and sperm. Lastly, we demonstrated how a fluorescent reporter construct could be used to select for gene-edited carp at multiple stages of development. Together, this work demonstrates how optimization of many parts of the genetic modification process can greatly enhance its efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70136","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The economic contribution of U.S. salmonid farms","authors":"Shraddha Hegde,&nbsp;Carole R. Engle,&nbsp;Ganesh Kumar,&nbsp;Jonathan van Senten,&nbsp;Christine Ellis,&nbsp;Gary Fornshell,&nbsp;Lori Gustafson,&nbsp;Kathleen Hartman","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The economic contributions of United States (U.S.) salmonid (finfish of the Salmonidae family) farms have not been estimated despite trout and salmon constituting the second-largest finfish sector of U.S. aquaculture. This study assessed the size and scope of the U.S. commercial salmonid farming sector using secondary data and estimated the direct, indirect, and induced contributions to total economic output, employment, labor income, and value added using IMPLAN methodologies and software. Commercial salmonid farms operated in 78% of U.S. states and were located in all regions in 2023. Farms raised various species in different production systems to supply diverse supply chains on production scales that ranged from small farms (&lt;9000 kg/year) to large, vertically integrated farming businesses. Supply chains for U.S. salmonid farms reflected the development of local, regional, and national markets not only for foodfish but also for markets that purchased live trout for stocking in private and public waters to support recreational fishing activities. The economic contribution of commercial U.S. salmonid farms was estimated to be $394 million (2023 value), of which $207 million was in direct economic output, $113 million in indirect output, and $74 million in induced contributions. The estimated economic multiplier of 1.91 indicates that every dollar spent on a salmonid farm supported an additional $0.91 in economic activity. Salmonid farms supported 2254 jobs across the U.S. and contributed $18 million in tax revenues. U.S. salmonid farms supported 97% of the economic sectors where they were located. Given U.S. demand for salmonids, the economic contributions of U.S. salmonid farms could increase to $591 to $690 million with 25%–50% growth in the sector. Constraints to growth include the high on-farm regulatory compliance burden, regulatory restrictions on access to water resources, and increased competition from imported salmon and trout.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic and policy implications on genetic improvement for sustainable aquaculture productivity in Kenya: A review","authors":"Jacob Abwao,&nbsp;Joseph Jung'a,&nbsp;Cecilia Githukia,&nbsp;Mary Opiyo,&nbsp;Elijah Kembenya,&nbsp;Domitila Kyule,&nbsp;Isaac M. Osuga,&nbsp;Callen N. Onura","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture in Kenya is rapidly expanding and has become an important subsector for promoting food security, employment creation, and economic diversification, as capture fisheries continue to decline amid rising demand for fish. This review examines the socioeconomic and policy implications of genetic improvement of farmed fish species in Kenya in the context of sustainable aquaculture development. We synthesize evidence on genetic improvement approaches, including selective breeding, triploidy, marker-assisted selection, and emerging gene-editing technologies, and assess their contributions to enhanced aquaculture productivity and the conservation of aquatic genetic resources. Selective breeding programs in Asia and Africa have reported growth improvements of 30%–85%, improved feed efficiency, and higher survival rates, highlighting the potential of genetic improvement to enhance fish production and farmer livelihoods in Kenya. The review highlights existing national strategies, guidelines, and institutional frameworks for genetic improvement while identifying key challenges related to hatchery certification, genetic erosion, biosecurity risks, and weak institutional coordination. Drawing on international best-practice frameworks and comparative experiences from Asia, the article evaluates gaps in Kenya's current policy and institutional landscape, including the Fisheries Management and Development Act 2016 and the Draft National Aquaculture Policy 2025. We argue that realizing the full socioeconomic benefits of genetic improvement depends on the establishment of a coordinated national breeding and broodstock management program, strengthened research and extension capacity, and harmonized governance across national and county levels to support a sustainable and competitive aquaculture sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}