Journal of The World Aquaculture Society最新文献

{"title":"Interactive effects of rearing densities and dietary vitamin E levels on growth, stress, and immune responses, and antioxidant status in triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Roghayeh Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Hakimeh Dopeikar,&nbsp;Shahin Bakhtiari Aqmasjed,&nbsp;Seyed Hadi Seyedalhosseini,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Khorasaninasab,&nbsp;Mahdi Naderi","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of rearing densities and supra-nutritional levels of vitamin E on fish performance. Triploid rainbow trout juveniles (40.44 ± 1.27 g) were distributed into 18 tanks at medium (MD, 30 kg/m³, 45 fish/tank) and high (HD, 60 kg/m³, 90 fish/tank) densities. The trial was designed with two fish rearing densities (MD and HD), each fed 0, 200, or 400 mg/kg vitamin E-supplemented diets (actual contents of 104.7, 303.5, and 496.8 mg/kg, respectively), a 2 × 3 factorial design. After 63 days, the final weight, body weight increase, SGR, FCR, and PER were significantly affected by both rearing density and vitamin E main effects (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, significant density × vitamin E interactions were observed for the final weight, FCR, and PER (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with HD400 fish performing comparable with MD groups. Serum cortisol levels were significantly lower in all MD groups and HD400 fish than in the other groups, whereas an inverse pattern was observed for serum osmolality (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum lysozyme activity and total Ig and globulin contents in MD groups were significantly higher than in HD groups (density effect, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and supra-nutritional vitamin E supplementation significantly increased these parameters (vitamin E effect, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Serum alternative complement (ACH50) and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the MD and HD400 groups were significantly higher than in HD200, and the lowest in the HD0 group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lowest in the HD0 group. Liver malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in MD200, MD400, and HD400 than in other groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Among the tested levels, 400 mg/kg vitamin E supplementation ameliorated the negative impacts of high rearing density (60 kg/m³) on triploid rainbow trout juveniles by improving growth, innate immunity, antioxidant capacity, and tolerance to high-density stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and emerging trends in fish vaccine platforms, delivery methods, and field performance for sustainable aquaculture: A scoping review","authors":"Fredrick Juma Syanya,&nbsp;Zachariy Oreko Winam,&nbsp;Paul Maina Mwangi,&nbsp;Harikrishnan Mahadevan,&nbsp;A. R. Nikhila Khanna,&nbsp;Mujeeb Rahiman K M,&nbsp;Megha Lovejan","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fish vaccination has been practiced globally for several decades and is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of sustainable disease management in aquaculture, offering an effective alternative to antibiotic and chemotherapeutic use. This PRISMA-ScR guided Scoping Review synthesized evidence from 173 peer-reviewed studies and reports to evaluate vaccine platform efficacy, administration routes, adoption challenges, and emerging directions. The major findings indicate that across laboratory and field trials, multivalent injectable vaccines in salmonids consistently achieved Relative Percent Survival (RPS) values exceeding 80% against bacterial pathogens such as <i>Aeromonas salmonicida</i> and <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i>, contributing to a documented 99% reduction in antibiotic use in European countries' aquaculture sector. Experimental immersion and oral vaccines for warm-water species such as tilapia and carp demonstrated more variable efficacy, with RPS typically ranging from 50% to 75%, reflecting challenges in antigen delivery and uptake. Economic analyses from industrial salmon and tilapia farming report positive Benefit–Cost Ratios (BCR) ranging from 2.5:1 to 5:1, driven by reduced mortality and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). However, for small- and medium-scale fish farms in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), vaccine adoption remains below 15% due to high upfront costs, cold-chain limitations, and lack of locally validated formulations. Critical knowledge gaps persist, including insufficient field validation of vaccine efficacy under commercial conditions, the absence of harmonized immune assays to enable cross-study comparisons, and limited understanding of environmental modifiers such as temperature, oxygen, and stress on vaccine performance. Future research should prioritize integrating epidemiological modeling for disease prioritization and developing affordable, thermostable vaccines tailored to LMIC fish species. Addressing these gaps through targeted investment and partnerships will enhance aquaculture resilience, reduce antibiotic dependency, and strengthen global food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of antioxidant activity, antimicrobial properties, and chemical profiles of 31 plant species against Vibrio and Pseudomonas in the Ecuadorian shrimp industry","authors":"Arleth Gualle,&nbsp;Lourdes M. Orejuela-Escobar,&nbsp;Diana Celi,&nbsp;Karla Nolivos-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Daniel Aguilera-Pesantes,&nbsp;Doménica Vargas,&nbsp;Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia,&nbsp;Nelson Miranda-Moyano,&nbsp;Rebeca Cortez-Zambrano,&nbsp;Eduardo Tejera,&nbsp;António Machado","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Opportunistic pathogens represent a significant threat to shrimp aquaculture, as they can reduce productivity and cause substantial economic losses. Plant-derived compounds have been investigated as potential alternatives for controlling bacterial infections associated with shrimp farming. In this study, a bioprospecting screening of 31 plant species collected from the localities of Taura and Sangolquí (Ecuador) was conducted to evaluate their antioxidant and antibacterial activities against bacterial species associated with aquaculture systems. Among the evaluated extracts, <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> Labill. and <i>Psidium guajava</i> L. leaves exhibited notable bioactive potential and were selected for further analysis. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. In addition, fractions from the most active extracts were analyzed using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS to explore their chemical composition and potential association with antibiofilm activity. The results showed that <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> and <i>Psidium guajava</i> leaf extracts exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 250 to 20,000 μg/mL against the tested <i>Vibrio</i> species and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains, with Eucalyptus extracts generally showing lower MIC values and a more consistent inhibitory profile across extraction solvents. Antioxidant activity was also observed in methanolic extracts. Fraction F5 of the <i>Eucalyptus</i> leaf extract reduced biofilm biomass by up to 76.09% and viable cells by 70.15%. For <i>Psidium guajava</i> leaves, fractions F1 (61.98%–71.69%), F4 (55.14%–70.02%), and F6 (38.84%–65.88%) showed the highest antibiofilm activity, particularly against mature biofilms associated with <i>Vibrio</i> spp., while limited activity was observed against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. HPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis tentatively identified several metabolites belonging to the flavonoid group in the most active fractions. Overall, the results suggest that extracts from <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> and <i>Psidium guajava</i> leaves possess antioxidant and antibacterial activities that may represent promising candidates for further investigation as plant-derived antimicrobial agents for aquaculture systems. However, additional studies, including in vivo validation, toxicity assessment, and formulation development, are required before practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Unlocking the potential of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in coastal Kenya: Assessment of system status, stakeholder awareness, and pathways for sustainable mariculture development”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Magondu, E.</span>, <span>Muthoka, M.</span>, <span>Okemwa, D.</span>, <span>Zewdie, M.</span>, <span>Njogu, L.</span>, <span>Munguti, J.</span>, <span>Aboah, J.</span>, <span>Mirera, D.</span>, &amp; <span>Yossa, R.</span> (<span>2026</span>). <span>Unlocking the potential of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture in coastal Kenya: Assessment of system status, stakeholder awareness, and pathways for sustainable mariculture development</span>. <i>Journal of the World Aquaculture Society</i>, <span>57</span>(<span>2</span>), e70092. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70092\u0000 </p><p>The surname of co-author Markose Zwedie was incorrectly published. The correct surname is Zewdie.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mstnb1 disruption enhances growth in rainbow trout","authors":"Abdulkadir Bayır,&nbsp;Mehtap Bayır,&nbsp;Wenjing Tao,&nbsp;Chunfang Wang,&nbsp;Serpil Turhan,&nbsp;Burcu Naz Uzun,&nbsp;Gökhan Arslan,&nbsp;Harun Arslan,&nbsp;Deshou Wang","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated disruption of the myostatin gene (<i>mstnb1</i>) on the growth performance of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) were evaluated. Two specific guide RNAs (gRNAs) targeting the first exon of the target gene were co-injected into fertilized eggs. While the survival rate of the injected embryos at the swim-up stage was 23.5%, Sanger sequencing of F0 individuals confirmed the successful generation of mutations. During a 10-month growing period, quantifiable phenotypic data revealed a significant enhancement in macroscopic somatic growth. The <i>mstnb1</i>-F0 mosaic fish exhibited an approximate 56% increase in body weight compared to the wild-type (WT) control group. Specifically, the mutant group reached an average weight of 825.0 ± 12.3 g, significantly outperforming the WT group, which reached 464.1 ± 9.2 g. Our results demonstrate that disruption of the <i>mstnb1</i> gene using CRISPR/Cas9 technology induces a striking somatic weight gain rather than merely altering microscopic muscle fiber characteristics, demonstrating high biotechnological potential for shortening production time and reducing unit costs in sustainable rainbow trout aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate-driven enrichment and eDNA metabarcoding reveal indigenous microbiomes in mangrove sediments with potential for ammonia and nitrite transformation","authors":"Muhamad Amin,&nbsp;Hussein Taha,&nbsp;Norhayati Ahmad,&nbsp;Ledhyane Ika Harlyan,&nbsp;Agustina Agustina,&nbsp;Ren Fitriadi,&nbsp;Supono Supono,&nbsp;Takaomi Arai","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Effective management of ammonia and nitrite remains a major challenge in intensive shrimp aquaculture, where excessive nitrogen loading compromises water quality and animal health. Indigenous microbial communities inhabiting mangrove sediments are widely considered potential sources of ammonia- and nitrite-transforming microorganisms; however, their presence and functional potential remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to explore potential ammonia- and nitrite-transforming microbiomes in mangrove sediments using a molecular approach that combines substrate-driven enrichment, environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, and PICRUSt2-based functional inference. Ammonium chloride enrichment resulted in rapid ammonium/ammonia depletion, transient nitrite accumulation, and sustained nitrate production, consistent with nitrification-related processes. Sodium nitrite enrichment was characterized by progressive nitrite depletion and associated shifts in nitrogen transformation pathways. Both enrichment conditions led to reduced microbial diversity and substantial restructuring of community composition. ASV-level functional attribution indicated that genes involved in ammonia and nitrite transformation were primarily associated with low-abundance, functionally specialized taxa, including <i>Nitrosomonas</i>- and <i>Nitrospira</i>-like groups. Nitrite enrichment further suggested involvement of denitrification-associated taxa, including <i>Pseudomonas</i>. Functional profiles inferred using PICRUSt2 indicate potential shifts in nitrogen-cycling pathways, although these should be interpreted as predictive rather than direct measurements of microbial activity. These findings provide molecular evidence for the presence of indigenous microbiomes with potential roles in ammonia and nitrite transformation in mangrove sediments and establish a foundation for future isolation and functional validation of candidate microorganisms for shrimp aquaculture applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation modeling of the Adjustable Buoyancy Device for open ocean low trophic aquaculture, part I: Test of a submersible long tube unit","authors":"Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju,&nbsp;Bela H. Buck","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Open-water low-trophic aquaculture (LTA) is a sustainable method for producing ocean-based food and providing ecosystem services. An effective system design is critical for mitigating risks posed by deep ocean forces. Developing submersible cultivation technology requires quantitative risk analysis and modeling to address offshore challenges while ensuring sustainability and efficiency. This paper presents a numerical model developed using OrcaFlex software to simulate the Adjustable Buoyancy Device (ABD) technology for cultivating LTA species. The ABD multi-body system includes a submersible Long Tube Unit (LTU), pulley, buoy, cultivation dropper line, and pulley rope anchored to the seabed and interacting hydromechanically in the open sea. The submersible LTU consists of eight internal units filled with either air or water to regulate its depth of submersion. The system was tested using North Sea meteorological data, high-energy waves, and environmental loads from currents. A First Principal Multi-Physics analysis was employed to derive the key parameters for the model. OrcaFlex was used to evaluate the system's performance under various conditions. Simulation results indicated that a wave force of 180° combined with a current direction of 90° and a maximum depth of 12–15 m was optimal for the system. The tensions at the LTU ends, labeled A and B, were recorded as 2.65 and 2.15 kN, respectively. The LTU wall and effective tension remained aligned throughout the simulation. The model was validated through theoretical calculations and statistical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting the adoption of climate smart aquaculture (CSAq) practices among pond fish farmers in Nepal","authors":"Binayak Prakash Mishra,&nbsp;Gana Pati Ojha,&nbsp;Om Prakash Singh,&nbsp;Kedar Devkota","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquaculture is an important sector for Nepal's economy and rural livelihoods, but its long-term sustainability is increasingly threatened by climate change. Climate Smart Aquaculture (CSAq) has emerged as a promising approach for adaptation, mitigation and productivity enhancement. The present study aims to identify the factors that affect both adoption and the intensity of CSAq practices among pond fish farmers. Using a multistage random sampling procedure, 402 pond fish farmers across four districts (Kailali, Rupandehi, Bara and Morang) were interviewed in 2025 using a semi-structured questionnaire. A Multivariate Probit model was employed to identify factors affecting the adoption of six CSAq practices, which included integrated water quality management (IWQM), improved feed (IF), agroforestry (AF), renewable energy (RE), insurance (IN) and integrated farming (INF). An Ordered Probit model was used to assess adoption intensity. Overall adoption of CSAq practices was low (30%–35% per practice). Age, education, farm size, membership in farmer groups/cooperatives, contact with extension workers, ICT use and farmers' perceptions on climate risks and benefits of CSAq significantly influenced adoption decisions. Adoption intensity was positively and significantly influenced by age (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.10), membership in farmer groups/cooperatives (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), contacts with extension workers (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), ICT use (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and farm size (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), while farming experience (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.10) and distance to the agrovet (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) showed a negative influence. These findings underscore the need for integrated institutional support through strengthened extension services, farmer groups/cooperatives, digital information systems and improved input market access to promote CSAq adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced ammonia tolerance at higher salinity reflects metabolic adjustments in Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae","authors":"Mehmet Kır,&nbsp;Mustafa Topuz","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ammonia, a major by-product of protein catabolism in shrimp, can rapidly accumulate in high-density culture systems, particularly under limited water exchange. It is a common toxicant and a key limiting factor in intensive aquaculture, entering through the gills and causing metabolic disruption, reduced growth, and increased mortality. In this study, ammonia tolerance of Pacific white shrimp, <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> postlarvae (PL) (45 ± 02 mg) was investigated by a series of acute toxicity experiments at eight salinity levels (0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ppt) at pH 8.0 and temperature of 28°C. Oxygen consumption rates (OCR) were also measured to determine the Routine metabolic rate (RMR) of the PLs at different salinity (1, 5, 15, 25, and 35 ppt) and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) combinations. The tolerance of the PLs to TAN and unionized ammonia (NH₃) increased significantly with increasing salinity levels. The safe level of ammonia for the PLs was changed from 0.24 to 1.70 mg/L and 0.016 to 0.110 mg/L and 0.4, 1.0, and 1.6 mg/L for TAN and NH₃ at the salinity levels mentioned above, respectively. At any, each salinity level, the RMR of the PLs increased with increasing TAN concentration (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and were 98.2, 115.1, 126.4, 134.9, and 136.2 μg O₂ mg⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 1, 5, 15, 25, and 35 ppt, respectively, at 0 mg/L TAN concentration (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The results indicate that salinity, ammonia concentration, and exposure time interactively affect the survival and physiological responses of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> PLs. Salinity was a key factor, with higher levels enhancing ammonia tolerance, while low salinity likely increased sensitivity due to osmotic stress and greater ammonia uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated histopathological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular analysis of gill responses to acute salinity stress in red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)","authors":"Moustafa Saleh,&nbsp;Rahma Aboueleila,&nbsp;Mohamed Fekri Badran,&nbsp;Jixiang Hua,&nbsp;Yalun Dong,&nbsp;Siqi Lu,&nbsp;Wen-jing Tao,&nbsp;Yifan Tao,&nbsp;Jun Qiang","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Growing freshwater scarcity in China is driving aquaculture interests toward saline-tolerant fish species. Red tilapia (<i>Oreochromis</i> spp.) is a euryhaline species with strong osmoregulatory capacity, making it an ideal model for investigating stress-induced physiological changes. In this study, we examined the gill responses of red tilapia subjected to acute salinity stress. Fish were maintained in either (0 h, Ctrl group) or saline water (17.7‰ ± 0.1‰) for 192 h; time points (0, 24, 48, 96, 192 h). Gill samples were collected over a time course for integrated histopathological and physiological analyses. Exposure to saline water induced histopathological alterations, including lamellar shortening and thickening, as well as a significant increase in the apoptotic index. Using qRT-PCR, we confirmed the significant activation in gills under salinity stress of genes associated with apoptosis (<i>tnfsf1</i>, <i>birc5a</i>, <i>casp6</i>, <i>ddit3</i>), ABC transporters (<i>cftr</i>, <i>tap1</i>), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling (<i>irak1</i>, <i>nfkbiaa</i>). These molecular responses reflect three key processes: osmoregulation (ABC transporters), immune and inflammatory regulation (TLR signaling), and cell fate control (apoptosis). Collectively, they underpin the disruption of homeostasis, immune activation, and oxidative stress observed during acute salinity exposure. Biochemical profiling revealed a dynamic osmoregulatory response: early upregulation of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, NKCC1, and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px) was followed by a late-stage oxidative imbalance, characterized by sustained elevation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced antioxidant capacity. Ion homeostasis became progressively disrupted, with significant alterations in Na⁺ and Cl⁻ levels. Molecular analysis further uncovered a coordinated transcriptional sequence: an initial anti-apoptotic phase, succeeded by delayed upregulation of pro-apoptotic and immune-related pathways (including IgM and LZM), occurring alongside modulation of osmoregulatory genes. Together, these findings provide a mechanistic basis for understanding salinity adaptation in red tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}