Journal of The World Aquaculture Society最新文献

{"title":"Current status and prospects for efficient aquaculture of the African bonytongue, Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829): Review","authors":"Missinhoun Dagoudo,&nbsp;David Benhaïm,&nbsp;Elie Montchowui","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aquaculture industry plays a crucial role in global food production and is expected to expand in response to the increasing demand for aquatic products. To sustain this growth, aquaculturists must develop new strategies and improve existing practices to address various challenges. In Africa, the sustainable development of aquaculture could be achieved not only by intensifying and integrating breeding techniques for species like Tilapia and Catfish but also by developing and domesticating other promising species with high aquaculture potential. Identifying and understanding these species is vital for overcoming these challenges. <i>Heterotis niloticus</i> is one such valuable species for aquaculture in Africa, offering several advantages including its air-breathing capability, high market value, excellent meat quality, omnivorous diet, resilience to stress, ability to survive in low-oxygen water, and consumer acceptance. In captivity, it has shown significant growth, with individual mean body mass reaching 3 to 5 kg in 12 months. These findings highlight the potential of <i>Heterotis niloticus</i> to enhance aquaculture production, not only in Africa but also globally. However, challenges remain, such as high mortality during early life stages, the determination of its nutritional needs at various ontogenetic stages, and the development of efficient breeding practices. Further research is required in areas like nutrition, physiology, breeding technology, genetics, economics, and environmental impact to optimize the culture of this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of endogenous marker acid-insoluble ash in commercial aquaculture ingredients and feeds","authors":"Julio Camperio,&nbsp;Jorge A. Suarez,&nbsp;Brett Glencross,&nbsp;Daniel D. Benetti","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the efficacy of acid-insoluble ash (AIA) as an endogenous digestibility marker in commercial aquaculture ingredients and feeds. AIA is a naturally occurring, low-cost alternative to external markers such as chromic oxide and yttrium oxide. External markers are often impractical in the production of small batches of feed manufactured under commercial settings due to cost and logistical constraints. This manuscript is the first of its kind to quantify the AIA content of 18 commercial aquaculture feeds and 27 commercial ingredients from diverse origins, as well as the recuperation rate of pure AIA. Samples were acquired from various national and international sources based on currently available stock; all samples were analyzed in quadruplets for statistical analysis. Results indicated significant variation in AIA levels across different ingredient categories (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with marine-based meals and rendered animal meals exhibiting the highest AIA concentrations (up to 25.8% and 5.0%, respectively), while vegetable meals displayed the lowest AIA content (up to 0.2%). Shrimp and crab meals had particularly high AIA levels due to their mineral-rich exoskeletons (4.7% and 25.8%, respectively), and meals that had undergone certain commercial processing to increase the meal quality had lower AIA content than their regular counterparts (avian: 2.9% for high quality and 4.4% for regular quality; meat: 0.13% for high quality and 0.8% for regular quality). Additionally, a limit of quantification (LOQ) was determined to define the confidence range of the utilized AIA protocol. This study highlights the importance of considering diet composition and ingredient origin in diet formulation to ensure consistent nutritional outcomes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a wide range of commercial diets contain a quantifiable amount of AIA. The findings suggest that AIA can serve as a reliable and cost-effective marker for in-vivo digestibility studies, aiding feed manufacturers and farm managers in optimizing production performance by rapidly assessing feed quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed the fish: A review of aquaculture feeders and their strategic implementation","authors":"Jesse Thornburg","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Automatic feeders are revolutionizing aquaculture by enabling precise and controlled feeding regimens that optimize growth, reduce feed waste, and enhance the overall efficiency of farming operations. Demand feeders provide some similar benefits but with feeding tailored to fish appetites and, in some cases, feed dispersal without electricity. This review explores the evolution, technological advancements, and applications of these feeders with a survey of recent research. It looks at common feeder designs and compares the pros and cons of five automatic feeder configurations in commercial use today. The article contrasts feeders and feed sizes for farmed species in different life stages and facilities, from hatcheries to ponds and offshore cages. It discusses the importance of species-tailored feeding strategies as well as impacts on fish behavior and health, nutrient delivery, and environmental sustainability. Incorporating sensors and on-site computing enables optimization in feeding algorithms that feeders then implement precisely and reliably. The review compiles results from multiple studies comparing growth rate, weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) outcomes from automatic feeders and demand feeders versus traditional hand-feeding regimens. The integration of feeders with real-time monitoring and data analytics is also discussed, highlighting future directions for research and adoption across the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hop acid inclusion as a feed additive on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, production, lysozyme activity, fillet color, and aroma","authors":"Jonathan K Lee,&nbsp;Razieh Farzad,&nbsp;Tammy Lee,&nbsp;Sharon Xin Ying Chuah,&nbsp;Rose Omidvar,&nbsp;Charlie Sims,&nbsp;Boce Zhang,&nbsp;Andrew Ropicki,&nbsp;Andrew J. MacIntosh","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hop acids are known for their potent antimicrobial properties and may offer significant benefits in aquaculture. As hop acids are a prominent component of spent brewer's yeast, a major byproduct of the brewing industry, their utilization in fish feed holds potential for enhancing both the economic and environmental sustainability of aquaculture operations, provided they are not detrimental to the growth and quality of the product. A 56-day nutritional trial was conducted that incorporated hop acids (<i>Humulone</i> and <i>Lupulone</i>) into the diets of Nile tilapia, <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>, and assessed their effects on rearing production, lysozyme activity, and final fillet LAB color &amp; aroma. Four experimental diets containing between 0 and 1200 mg hop acids/kg feed were formulated for the nutritional study. Ninety-six tilapias were distributed equally among twelve ~2000 L tanks (eight fish/tank) and randomly assigned a treatment diet with 3 tanks per treatment (<i>n</i> = 3). Fish were weighed weekly and fed daily. After the trial, various production metrics, including weight gain, feed conversion ratio, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and fillet yield, were assessed. Additionally, lysozyme activity was assessed in isolated serum samples. Skinned and deboned fillets were assessed for LAB color, and a sensory panel evaluated the aroma of raw and baked fillets. The study revealed the inclusion of hop acids provided no significant differences in the production metrics, except for the viscerosomatic index. While not reflected in the FCR, weekly weight measurement found that the feed treatment of approximately 300 hop acids/kg of feed had slightly higher average fish weight per tank toward the end of the feed trial. There were minor differences in color, but no significant differences in aroma between treatment and control fillets. Incorporating hop acids into the diet, even at the highest inclusion level tested, did not result in any adverse effects on the fish. While these findings do not show significant benefits of hop acid addition, there were no detrimental effects, suggesting a promising avenue for utilizing brewing waste streams or isolated hop acids as an effective supplement in fish feed formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The National Regulatory Cost Burden on US aquaculture farms","authors":"Carole R. Engle,&nbsp;Jonathan van Senten,&nbsp;Shraddha Hegde,&nbsp;Ganesh Kumar,&nbsp;Charles Clark,&nbsp;Noah Boldt,&nbsp;Gary Fornshell,&nbsp;Bobbi Hudson,&nbsp;Eric J. Cassiano,&nbsp;Matthew A. DiMaggio","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Many government regulations have improved environmental and social quality of life in the United States, but others have resulted in negative consequences that exceed their benefits to society. This study estimated the total annual cost of regulatory compliance and lost revenue for US aquaculture. The total annual regulatory cost was $196 million (in 2023 USD), which accounted for 9%–30% of total annual costs, one of the top five costs of aquaculture production. Regulatory costs result in disproportionately greater per-unit costs of production on smaller-scale farms. Total annual lost revenue was $807 million (36% of total sales value), which resulted from lost sales and thwarted expansion opportunities from regulatory actions that either closed access to existing markets, forced reduced scales of production, or prevented attempts to expand production to meet existing demand for the farm's products. Accounting for multiplier effects, lost economic contributions were $1.4 billion annually, with &gt;8000 jobs lost nationally from farms alone, not including associated supply chain partners. Well-designed regulations made use of best available science, participatory approaches to rule-making, sunset clauses for removal of outdated regulations, and market-based approaches. Pathways identified to improve regulatory efficiency included: (1) sunset clauses for each rule; (2) reward incentives (i.e., reduced testing frequency for farms with records of compliance) (3) standardized fish health testing requirements of sample size, farm-wide rather than lot testing, testing the most susceptible species/life stages; (4) non-lethal, multi-pathogen testing methods; (5) farm compensation for reverse externalities of avian predation; (6) appropriate risk management by experts to manage aquatic invasive species and pathogens; (7) training in aquaculture science, current farm practices, and appropriate, consistent, regulatory actions; (8) engagement with independent experts and producers throughout rule-making; (9) establishment of transparent appeals processes for farmers; (10) concurrent, not sequential review of permit requests by agencies; (11) long-term aquaculture literacy programs; and (12) an efficient, streamlined permitting and regulatory framework for mariculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-line system: A sea bottom cultivation technology to improve the biomass production of edible seaweed Chondracanthus chamissoi (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)","authors":"Samuel Arbaiza,&nbsp;Max Castañeda-Franco,&nbsp;Paul Baltazar Guerrero,&nbsp;Cristian Bulboa","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Chondracanthus chamissoi</i> is a red seaweed of socioeconomic importance due to its use for direct human consumption; therefore, its cultivation is key to optimizing the production of this species and avoiding the exploitation of natural beds. In this study, a new background bottom culture technology, that is, the tree-line system, was evaluated. For this, a total of 18 tree-line systems were installed; the systems contained two types of substrates, which were inoculated with fragments of <i>C. chamissoi</i>: Halyard (H40 = 40 g m⁻¹); Raffia40 (R40 = 40 g m⁻¹); and Rafia80 (R80 = 80 g m⁻¹). Biomass production was recorded under three different harvest frequencies (30, 60, and 90 days). In addition, the epiphyte load found in the cultures was quantified. The results showed that both the frequency of harvesting and the type of substrate affect the amount of biomass produced. Monthly harvest did not favor biomass accumulation and, on the contrary, increased the epiphyte load. On the other hand, the treatment that was harvested only at 90 days obtained the highest biomass for substrates R40 and R80 with 916.02 ± 171.93 and 1017.84 ± 122.68 g m⁻¹, respectively, and with a low epiphytic load. These results are unprecedented and represent a substantial increase in the biomass production of this species, considerably higher than the results obtained in previous studies from different regions using vegetative propagation. With these results, a potential final biomass production of an entire tree-line system greater than 18 kg using a bottom sea area of 4 m² could be harvested after 90 days of cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mytilus galloprovincialis's role in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA): A comprehensive review","authors":"E. Batır,&nbsp;İ. Aydın,&nbsp;J. A. Theodorou,&nbsp;A. Rakaj","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable mussel farming practices are critical for maintaining production and enhancing growth of the low trophic aquaculture sector. The concept of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) and incorporating mussels as extractive species, holds promise for enhancing overall system efficiency, nutrient cycling, and environmental sustainability. This review delves into innovative aquaculture techniques emphasizing the synergistic relationships between <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> and other species such as seaweeds and deposit feeders that prioritize environmental stewardship by absorbing excess nutrients, processing organic waste, and including best management practices for waste mitigation. Marine spatial planning (MSP) through IMTA development can support optimal capacity building scenarios, incorporating ecosystem services and social benefits. This review explores the different aspects of mussel biology, ecology, aquaculture, sustainability, and future perspectives on the basis of literature data, with a context of capacity building in the Atlanto-Mediterranean area. The literature data were analyzed in order to explain interactions between primary species and mussels as extractive species. We developed conceptual models at three different scales—small, medium, and large—to define the optimal growth performance of mussels in relation to their distance from the aquaculture nutrient source. The consistent trend favoring medium-scale conditions has led us to conclude that mussels predominantly extract nutrients indirectly, primarily through the phytoplankton blooms resulting from fertilization. On this basis, we recommend that the marine spatial integration of mussels must be designed according to these models to optimize production while mitigating the side effects of fish cage aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143595126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic growth differences between Gymnocypris przewalskii and Gymnocypris eckloni: A quantitative proteomic perspective","authors":"Junming Zhou,&nbsp;Yun Zhao","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metabolism plays a crucial role in the growth rate of species. Proteomics serves as a potent tool to explore these metabolic changes. Herein, we investigated the metabolic growth differences in <i>Gymnocypris przewalskii</i> (GP) and <i>Gymnocypris ecklon</i> (GE). After 9 months of culture, the growth rate of GP was slower than that of GE (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while there were no significant differences in survival rates (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). To understand the metabolic changes underlying growth superiority, we conducted a proteomic analysis of GP and GE. The metabolic pathways mainly include glycolysis (gluconeogenesis), the pentose phosphate pathway, pyruvate metabolism, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and protein digestion and absorption. The study also identified some differentially expressed proteins related to metabolism, such as creatine kinase, glutamate–cysteine ligase, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, L-lactate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase, carbonic anhydrase, and cytochrome oxidase. These findings are the first to reveal the molecular mechanism of GP and GE at the protein level. Notably, the expression of proteins related to metabolism may be a factor contributing to the slower growth of GP than GE. The study thus provides important information for genetic breeding and improvement of <i>G. hybrid</i> (GP and GE) for aquaculture production.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of nutritional contents and microbial community of three populations of cultured Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) broodfish","authors":"Omolola C. Betiku,&nbsp;Toyesha Simpson,&nbsp;Makayla Hightower,&nbsp;Robinson Orozco,&nbsp;Sahar Mejri,&nbsp;Stephen Leong,&nbsp;Paul S. Wills,&nbsp;Grace Johnny","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beluga sturgeon (<i>Huso huso</i>) is a valuable fish all over the world to produce caviar and meat. It is a good candidate for aquaculture due to its acceptance of formulated diets and high resistance to stressors from increased density during farming. This study evaluated three groups of sexually unknown farm-raised Beluga sturgeon populations that differed by age to understand differences in growth rate, nutrient utilization and microbial community by gut sections. Weight, length, and liver samples were collected to determine growth parameters. Proximate compositional and histopathological analyses were conducted. Luminal samples from the stomach and midgut and hindgut sections were collected for 16S rRNA gene characterization. The results showed that fish weight differed by age group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The condition factor ranged from 0.61 to 0.78 for all the age groups. Fillet fatty acid compositions showed that erucic acid (monounsaturated) was significantly different (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.005) between the three age groups, but not for other fatty acids and amino acids. The gastrointestinal section was a stronger factor than age modulating the microbial compositions in beluga (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and their compositions and diversity varied between stomach, midgut, and hindgut sections. The abundance of <i>Lactococcus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> genera increased in the hindgut section of the gastrointestinal tract and differed by age group. Proteobacteria correlated positively and significantly with the essential amino acids (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The genus <i>Haloimpatients</i> from phylum Firmicutes showed a positive correlation with phenylalanine and threonine in the Beluga stomach (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). A similar trend was found between <i>Staphylococcus</i> and histidine in the hindgut. More studies should be directed to address the functionality of the microbiota highlighted in the gut sections in this study and their involvement in the metabolism of essential amino acids to improve the conditions and optimal nutrient requirements of farm-raised Beluga sturgeon.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary citric acid, lactic acid, and potassium sorbate mixture on growth performance and intestinal immunological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles","authors":"Seyyed Morteza Hoseini,&nbsp;Basim S. A. Al Sulivany,&nbsp;Alireza Afzali-Kordmahalleh,&nbsp;Hamed Abdollahpour,&nbsp;Hamid Rajabiesterabadi,&nbsp;Morteza Yousefi","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acidifiers serve as effective feed additives that enhance fish growth and welfare. This study investigates the effects of a mixture of lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium sorbate (denoted as OA, in a 1:1:1 ratio) on common carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>) for the first time. A total of 240 fish, each weighing approximately 18.5 grams, were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, each consisting of four replicates containing 15 fish. The fish were fed diets supplemented with varying levels of OA: 0 g/kg (Control), 2.5 g/kg (A-2.5), 5 g/kg (A-5), and 10 g/kg (A-10) for a duration of 56 days. Growth performance, calcium and phosphorus levels in vertebrae and muscle, intestinal antioxidant status, bacterial populations, gene expressions, as well as immunological parameters in skin mucus and blood plasma were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The results indicated a significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) increase in the abundance of <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp. in the OA-treated groups compared to the Control group. Conversely, the intestinal populations of <i>Vibrio</i> sp. (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and <i>Aeromonas</i> sp. (<i>p</i> = 0.010) significantly decreased in the OA-treated groups, particularly in the A-10 treatment. Moreover, significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) up-regulations were observed in the expression of intestinal <i>tumor necrosis factor-alpha</i> (<i>tnf-a</i>), <i>interleukin-1 beta</i> (<i>il-1b</i>), <i>heat shock protein 70</i> (<i>hsp70</i>), and <i>mucin-2</i> (<i>muc-2</i>) across all OA-treated groups when compared to the Control group. All OA-treated groups, especially the A-5 treatment, exhibited significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) increases in the expression of intestinal <i>lysozyme</i> (<i>lys</i>), <i>mucin-5</i> (<i>muc-5</i>), and <i>beta-defensin</i> (<i>b-def</i>) relative to the Control group. Furthermore, intestinal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) significantly increased (<i>p</i> = 0.0003), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.002) in all OA-treated groups, particularly in the A-5 treatment. Notably, plasma lysozyme (<i>p</i> = 0.002), alternative complement (AC; <i>p</i> = 0.022), skin mucus protease (<i>p</i> = 0.011), lysozyme (<i>p</i> = 0.002), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; <i>p</i> = 0.001) showed significant increases in the A-5 and/or A-10 treatments compared to the Control group. Dietary supplementation with OA significantly enhanced muscle and vertebral ash, phosphorus, and calcium levels, particularly in the A-5 treatment. Additionally, growth performance and feed efficiency significantly improved in the A-5 treatment when compared to the Control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 5 g/kg of OA proved beneficial for common carp by enhancing intestinal health, humoral and mucosal immune responses, calcium and phosphorus retention, as well as overall growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}