Journal of The World Aquaculture Society最新文献

{"title":"Dietary glycine supplementation enhances growth, feed utilization, and antioxidant capacity of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Mingtao Lei,&nbsp;Jieliang Fan,&nbsp;Pingding Liu,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Yan Wang","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glycine is a dispensable and functional amino acid that promotes fish growth, however, the optimal glycine content in fish diets is not known. This study assessed the effect of dietary glycine content on growth, feed utilization, and antioxidant capacity of large yellow croaker (LYC) <i>Larimichthys crocea</i>. A diet containing 400 g/kg fishmeal served as the reference (R), and five low-fishmeal diets (G0, G1, G3, G5, and G7) were formulated by substituting 60% of the fishmeal with a compound of rendered protein ingredients (CRP) in R and adding crystal glycine at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 g/kg, respectively. Dietary glycine contents of R, G0, G1, G3, G5, and G7 were 28.5, 28.9, 30.3, 32.2, 34.4, and 36.4 g/kg, respectively. Fish weighing 18.7 ± 0.2 g/ind. were fed the test diets in net-pens for 8 weeks. Dietary glycine supplementation significantly affected final body weight (FBW), weight gain, nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), feed conversion ratio (FCR), waste outputs, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT) activity in liver, ratio of GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in plasma and liver, and protein-carbonyl content in plasma. The FBW, weight gain, and NRE were higher, while the nitrogen waste was lower, in G5 than in G0. The regression equation indicated the maximum weight gain occurred at 35.3 g/kg dietary glycine content. Fish fed G0 exhibited lower GSH/GSSG in the plasma and liver compared with fish fed G5, and lower GSH content and CAT activity in liver, but higher plasma protein-carbonyl content, compared with fish fed G3, G5, and G7. Fish fed R exhibited lower weight gain, plasma GSH content, liver CAT activity, and GSH/GSSG in plasma and liver compared with fish fed G5, and higher fishmeal reliance and plasma GSSG content compared with fish fed the low-fishmeal diets. This study illustrates that appropriate glycine supplementation improved growth, feed utilization, and antioxidant capacity of LYC fed the low-fishmeal diets, and the glycine content for maximum fish growth should be 34.4 to 35.3 g/kg.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating aquaculture health: Farm-friendly framework for risk-based management","authors":"Lori L. Gustafson,&nbsp;Kathleen H. Hartman,&nbsp;Marta D. Remmenga","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Risks to animal health are concerns for any agricultural system. Mitigation of these risks protects and improves population health and productivity, as well as opportunities for trade. Directing health management attention and resources to identify and address risk has the potential to achieve great impact for the least cost; however, risk-based strategies are varied and often complex. This study proposes a unified framework for risk-based aquaculture health management along with intuitive decision support tools to ease farm implementation. Termed Comprehensive Aquaculture Health Protection and Surveillance (CAHPS), this framework supports the design of risk-based strategies that are customized to an operation's unique circumstances yet geared to establish equivalency with World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) standards. A series of decision metrics guides the establishment of pillars foundational to animal health management. Another set of decision metrics guides (1) the estimation of an aquaculture operation's probability of introducing pathogens of concern, and (2) the identification of opportunities to improve and/or credit biosecurity accordingly. CAHPS is compliant with WOAH standards, adaptive to a variety of farming environments, and, through its decision metrics, streamlined for farm implementation. Herein, we describe the principles of CAHPS and demonstrate its ability to discern an operation's suitability for pathogen freedom claims, reduce surveillance expense according to risk, and prioritize biosecurity strategies with the greatest likely impact on population health. Through CAHPS, the proper accounting of risk can advance in tandem two ostensibly competing goals: safeguarding animal health and reducing the costs of its management. CAHPS also provides a uniform framework for farm demonstration of a distinct health status, which, with Competent Authority oversight and approval, can support compartmentalization. As decision metrics were designed to err in a conservative direction, we expect future studies to improve precision but not nullify pathogen freedom claims resulting from this logical framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute copper exposure alters tissue copper accumulation, hepatic responses, and gut microbiota composition in gibel carp (Carassius gibelio, CAS V)","authors":"Liyun Wu,&nbsp;Kunkun Cao,&nbsp;Junyan Jin,&nbsp;Chaoyue Li,&nbsp;Rui Zhang,&nbsp;Haokun Liu,&nbsp;Zhimin Zhang,&nbsp;Dong Han,&nbsp;Shouqi Xie,&nbsp;Ronghua Lu","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Short-term copper exposure episodes can occur in aquaculture systems due to copper sulfate application or accidental increases in waterborne copper concentrations. However, the temporal patterns of tissue-specific physiological responses and gut microbiota alterations during acute copper exposure remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we examined copper-associated responses in gibel carp under a semi-static exposure with complete daily renewal (control: 0.01 ± 0.00 mg/L; Cu1: 1.25 ± 0.01 mg/L; Cu2: 2.58 ± 0.02 mg/L) at 48 h and 96 h. At 48 h, copper was mainly elevated in the gills and was accompanied by branchial injury and early changes in intestinal microbial composition. At 96 h, hepatic copper increased and coincided with oxidative stress, lipid metabolic disturbance, apoptosis-related responses, reduced microbial richness, and enrichment of opportunistic bacterial taxa. Spearman correlations indicated associations among tissue copper burden, hepatic injury indicators, and microbiota composition. Overall, this study demonstrates that acute copper exposure induces coordinated physiological and microbiota responses in gibel carp, revealing distinct response patterns among tissues and the gut microbiota over the exposure period.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a challenge model using geosmin-spiked feeds to obtain off-flavor compounds in tissues of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar","authors":"Mariah Pearson,&nbsp;Robert Harrington,&nbsp;Gail Schwieterman,&nbsp;Matt Hawkyard","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70131","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fish produced within recirculating aquaculture systems may develop flavors not desired by end-consumers, hereafter “off-flavor,” which is largely attributed to geosmin accumulation in fish tissues. To develop methods for mitigating geosmin accumulation, a reliable and reproducible method of introducing geosmin in fish tissue is needed. Current methods of obtaining geosmin in fish tissues typically rely on dosing via water-borne geosmin, which can be problematic due to (1) the high cost of scientific-grade geosmin and (2) complications associated with geosmin interactions with life support systems. The objectives of this research were to (1) develop an open method for producing geosmin-spiked feeds, (2) validate the use of spiked feeds as a means of dosing geosmin into Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i>, tissues and (3) evaluate the relationship between geosmin concentrations measured in blood and various tissues. Five experimental geosmin-spiked feeds (10, 50, 100, 250, and 500 μg kg⁻¹) were produced to use in a 3-week feeding trial to evaluate geosmin concentrations in juvenile salmon blood and various tissues. Benchtop trials compared geosmin losses between oil- and non-oil-coated feeds exposed to water (leaching) as well as determining storage feasibility. Leaching trial showed non-oil-coated feeds released lower quantities of geosmin (3.2% ± 0.5% loss) in surrounding water when compared to the oil-coated feed (10.4% ± 0.1% loss). Geosmin measured in feeds with increasing quantities of geosmin were not affected by storage (regression analysis, <i>p</i> = 0.5691). Overall, the 3-week feeding trial showed increasing concentrations of geosmin-spiked feeds linearly correlated to geosmin concentrations in muscle tissue (<i>R</i>² = 0.536), blood (<i>R</i>² = 0.549), and liver (<i>R</i>² = 0.441) of Atlantic salmon. In addition, there was a strong linear correlation between blood and muscle tissue geosmin concentrations (<i>R</i>² = 0.892). This research resulted in the establishment of an alternative dosing method for future off-flavor studies focused on Atlantic salmon and provides evidence that blood samples may be used as a proxy in providing a non-lethal means of assessing off-flavor in Atlantic salmon.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remediation of chronic ammonia effects in common carp by dietary thymol supplementation","authors":"Morteza Yousefi,&nbsp;Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar,&nbsp;Evgeny Vladimirovich Kulikov,&nbsp;Arfenia Semenovna Karamian,&nbsp;Aleksandr Vladimirovich Tkachev,&nbsp;Kristina Viktorovna Shepeleva,&nbsp;Seyyed Morteza Hoseini","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic ammonia toxicity represents a major challenge in intensive aquaculture, often leading to impaired growth and physiological distress. This study evaluated the efficacy of dietary thymol supplementation in mitigating the deleterious effects of chronic ammonia exposure in common carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i>. Fish (initial weight: 10.41 ± 0.23 g) were assigned to one of four treatments in triplicate: (1) Control (clean water, basal diet), (2) AMM (0.06 mg/L unionized ammonia, basal diet), (3) AMM + T1 (0.06 mg/L unionized ammonia, 100 mg/kg thymol), and (4) AMM + T2 (0.06 mg/L unionized ammonia, 400 mg/kg thymol). Each replicate was stocked with 15 fish. After an eight-week trial, ammonia exposure significantly elicited a marked stress response (elevated plasma ammonia, cortisol, and glucose; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while dietary thymol significantly attenuated these alterations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Ammonia also impaired liver and metabolic function, as reflected by elevated hepatic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase), urea, and creatinine alongside reduced thyroid hormones (T₃, T₄); thymol restored most of these parameters toward control values. Growth performance and feed efficiency were significantly suppressed under ammonia stress (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) but improved with both thymol doses. Furthermore, ammonia exposure compromised innate immunity, reducing lysozyme, alternative complement, and bactericidal activities in plasma and tissues, whereas thymol supplementation restored these immune parameters. Finally, ammonia induced significant oxidative damage, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, while thymol enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and radical-scavenging capacities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between the 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg thymol treatments for most variables (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), suggesting that 100 mg/kg is an optimal and economical dose (compared to 400 mg/kg) for dietary inclusion. These findings demonstrate that thymol acts as a potent anti-stress and antioxidant feed additive, offering a viable strategy to safeguard common carp health in high-density or low-water-exchange aquaculture systems prone to ammonia accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic effects of cormorant predation on catfish farms in the US Black Belt region (West Alabama and East Mississippi)","authors":"Carole R. Engle,&nbsp;Sarah N. Knutson,&nbsp;Ganesh Kumar,&nbsp;Shraddha Hegde,&nbsp;Brian S. Dorr,&nbsp;Luke A. Roy,&nbsp;Anita M. Kelly,&nbsp;Mark Smith,&nbsp;Jonathan van Senten","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Losses to avian predators and the ensuing negative economic effects on US catfish farms have been well studied in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. This study is the first to estimate the economic effects of predation by double-crested cormorants (<i>Nannopterum auritum</i>) on catfish farms in the Black Belt region (West Alabama and East Mississippi; named for its characteristic black prairie soils) of the Mississippi Flyway. Field data obtained from aerial surveys, observer counts, bird collections, and bioenergetic models were used to estimate economic effects on 32 catfish farming scenarios that modeled three farm sizes (32-ha, 124-ha, 592-ha), two species (channel or hybrid catfish), two aeration intensities (intensive or non-intensive), multiple or single-batch production, and two stocking densities (15 K or 20 K/ha). Lost farm revenue from cormorant predation averaged $4.9 million/year (range: $1.3 to $10.8 million/year), with an average economic output loss impact of $9.2 million/year (range of $2.5 to $20.0 million/year) to the Black Belt region. Profitability of Black Belt region catfish farms would be 31%–883% greater (depending on the farm/management scenario and intensity of predation in any given year) without losses to birds and without costs of bird deterrence. The combined economic effects of lost revenue from catfish consumed by cormorants and the increased on-farm costs of attempting to deter birds have likely contributed to the loss of catfish farms in this region in recent years. The recent availability of federal assistance to catfish farms that provides partial compensation for losses to avian predators, similar to that available to cattle farms, may increase retention of catfish farms and their contributions to the economy of the Black Belt region.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-myrcene: A nature-identical compound for sustainable aquaculture","authors":"Seyyed Morteza Hoseini,&nbsp;Morteza Yousefi,&nbsp;Hamed Abdollahpour,&nbsp;Mert Minaz","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainability is essential for the continued development of aquaculture. A key aspect of sustainable aquaculture involves using natural and organic compounds as alternatives to chemical counterparts. Herbal-derived compounds have gained significant attention because of their eco-friendly properties and health benefits. Additionally, nature-identical compounds have emerged as viable alternatives to natural herbal products because of their stable composition, purity, affordability, and availability. Terpenes, a class of nature-identical compounds, have been extensively studied in aquaculture research for their antioxidant, immunostimulant, anti-stress, and antimicrobial properties. While certain terpenes, such as thymol, carvacrol, and menthol, have been the focus of considerable investigation and comprehensive reviews, other terpenes remain underexplored despite their potential benefits. Among them, β-myrcene is notable for its dual potential as both a feed additive and an anesthetic/sedative, yet no dedicated review has systematically examined the evidence for its use in aquaculture. This review focuses on β-myrcene and evaluates the current evidence for its potential use in aquaculture, both as a feed additive and as an anesthetic/sedative agent. Moreover, its bioactivity in non-aquatic organisms, including in vitro assays, is evaluated to propose further potential in aquaculture, following reliable validations. Available studies suggest that β-myrcene has shown preliminary growth-promoting, antioxidant, and immunostimulant effects in a limited number of aquaculture studies. However, mechanistic evidence derived from mammalian and in vitro models suggests that β-myrcene should be evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against fish and shellfish pathogens, as well as its capacity to augment disease resistance and exert anti-inflammatory effects. This review critically evaluates the knowledge gaps that must be addressed before practical application can be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responsiveness to price changes for major aquaculture products in U.S. retail markets","authors":"Ganesh Kumar,&nbsp;Carole Engle,&nbsp;Lianqun Sun","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consumer preferences, purchasing behavior, and demand for seafood evolve over time. Measuring and understanding the effects of price changes on demand responses are critical to the design of effective marketing strategies for aquaculture producers. This study used a non-linear Almost Ideal Demand System (non-linear AIDS) model to estimate price, cross-price, promotion, and expenditure elasticities for five major aquaculture frozen and refrigerated finfish fillet products in U.S. retail markets including salmon, tilapia, pangasius (swai/basa/tra), catfish, and trout. Results of price-elasticity estimates showed that demand for pangasius, catfish, and trout was elastic, with the strongest elasticity for trout (highly responsive to price changes), while demand for salmon was inelastic; cross-price elasticities revealed strong substitution for tilapia by pangasius, for pangasius by tilapia, and for trout by salmon. Weak substitution effects were found for tilapia by catfish and for salmon by trout. Expenditure elasticities were statistically significant and positive for all finfish evaluated, with the highest being for catfish followed by salmon. Promotional elasticities were found to significantly improve budget shares of salmon and trout but were not significant for tilapia, pangasius, or catfish. Hicksian price elasticities that compensated for consumer income effects of changing price levels showed strong substitution effects for tilapia by pangasius, for pangasius by tilapia, for catfish by salmon and tilapia, and for trout by salmon. Additional research on consumer price responsiveness is needed to further explore effects in specific U.S. cities and regional markets and to evaluate the effectiveness of specific messaging and non-price marketing strategies for U.S. retail markets.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio in biofloc technology enhances growth performance, reproductive output, and nutritional quality of the brine shrimp A. parthenogenetica","authors":"Manizheh Biabani Asrami,&nbsp;Saeid Vahdat,&nbsp;Abolghasem Esmaeeli Fereidooni","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated the effects of dietary carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) conditions, generated by combining <i>Dunaliella salina</i> with sugar beet raffinate, on the growth, survival, reproductive performance, biochemical composition, fatty-acid profile, digestive enzyme activity, microbial community, and biomass production of <i>Artemia parthenogenitica</i> cultured in biofloc systems. Eight treatments were evaluated for 21 days. The control treatment consisted of 25% algae and 75% yeast and was designated as C/N 3.5. The experimental treatments were designated according to their composition and C/N ratio as follows: A2.5-R0.625 (C/N 11), A2.5-R1.25 (C/N 11), A5-R0.625 (C/N 10.5), A5-R1.25 (C/N 10.5), A10-R0.625 (C/N 9.5), A10-R1.25 (C/N 9.5), and the probiotic reference treatment, consisting of 25% algae and 75% <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (C/N 3.5). The A10:R1.25, corresponding to C/N 9.5, resulted in the highest survival rate (88.8 ± 2.3%), total length (12.03 ± 0.41 mm), total offspring production (1600 ± 87 individuals), and wet biomass (2518 ± 98 g), compared with 75.3 ± 2.0%, 9.67 ± 0.32 mm, 1067 ± 54 individuals, and 1690 ± 75 g, respectively, in the control. The DS10-R1.25 had the lowest numerical feed conversion ratio (FCR; 0.150), which was significantly lower than that of the control (0.224) but did not differ significantly from that of The DS10-R0.625 (0.169), and the highest alkaline protease, amylase, and lipase activities. However, the control treatment showed higher body protein and total carotenoid contents, indicating that improved growth and reproductive output were not accompanied by uniform improvement in all biochemical characteristics. Raffinate-containing treatments also modified the fatty-acid composition of both <i>Artemia</i> and biofloc, although the magnitude and direction of these changes depended on the dietary combination. Overall, under the conditions tested, supplementation with 10% <i>D. salina</i> and 1.25% sugar beet raffinate at a C/N ratio of 9.5 improved several production-related indicators while reducing the required proportion of microalgae. These findings support the potential use of sugar beet raffinate as an auxiliary carbon source in biofloc-based <i>Artemia</i> culture; however, further studies are required to determine the reproducibility of these responses at larger production scales and under different environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70152","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary supplementation with Kelussia odoratissima extract improves growth performance and modulates intestinal cytokine-related gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Esmaeil Pirali Khirabadi,&nbsp;Mahbobeh Javanmard,&nbsp;Shafigh Shafiei,&nbsp;Behnam Bakhtiari Moghadam","doi":"10.1111/jwas.70148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.70148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Kelussia odoratissima</i> (wild celery) is an endemic medicinal plant containing diverse bioactive phytochemicals; however, its potential as a dietary additive in fish has not previously been investigated. This study evaluated the effects of dietary hydroethanolic <i>K. odoratissima</i> extract (KOE) on growth performance, feed utilization, and intestinal cytokine-related gene expression in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>). A total of 600 fish (initial body weight: 210 ± 10 mg) were randomly allocated to 15 tanks (three replicate tanks per treatment) and fed five experimental diets supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 15 g KOE kg⁻¹ diet for 56 days. Dietary KOE significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Fish fed 10 g KOE kg⁻¹ exhibited the highest final body weight (660 ± 10 mg), specific growth rate (2.10% day⁻¹), and protein efficiency ratio (1.29), together with the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.53). Quadratic regression suggested that dietary inclusion levels of approximately 10–11 g KOE kg⁻¹ were associated with the greatest biological responses under the present experimental conditions. Survival remained high (94–100%) and did not differ significantly among treatments (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Dietary KOE upregulated intestinal <i>tnf-α</i> and <i>il-1β</i> expression while downregulating <i>il-10</i> and <i>tgf-β1</i>, indicating modulation of intestinal cytokine-related gene expression. These transcriptional responses should not be interpreted as direct evidence of enhanced immune function. Overall, dietary KOE improved growth performance and modulated intestinal cytokine-related gene expression in zebrafish. Further studies incorporating functional immune assessments, histopathology, and validation in commercially important aquaculture species are required before practical applications can be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":17284,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The World Aquaculture Society","volume":"57 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jwas.70148","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}