Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy最新文献_第5页

Municipal Solid Waste as a Potential Reducing Agent for Substituting Coal in Ferronickel Production 城市固体废物作为替代煤炭生产镍铁的潜在还原剂

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00884-5

Zulfiadi Zulhan, Muhammad A’an, Fauzan Kamal, Sonny Djatnika Sunda Djaja, Taufiq Hidayat, R. M. Nabiel Salmanhakim, Bouman Tiroi Situmorang, Nilus Rahmat

{"title":"Municipal Solid Waste as a Potential Reducing Agent for Substituting Coal in Ferronickel Production","authors":"Zulfiadi Zulhan, Muhammad A’an, Fauzan Kamal, Sonny Djatnika Sunda Djaja, Taufiq Hidayat, R. M. Nabiel Salmanhakim, Bouman Tiroi Situmorang, Nilus Rahmat","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00884-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00884-5","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the global population has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation. Various methods have been suggested and implemented to address this issue, including waste processing by dry fermentation using aerobic bio-drying, resulting in treated municipal solid waste (TMSW) that can serve as an energy source. The potential application of TMSW as a reducing agent in the production of ferronickel from lateritic nickel ore was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a muffle furnace by mixing lateritic nickel ore with TMSW and heating according to specific temperature patterns. Ferronickel was produced in the form of metal nuggets, with nickel content ranging from 7–12% and iron from 84–88%, with a yield of 87% for both nickel and iron. From these results, it can be concluded that TMSW can substitute coal as a reducing agent, enabling MSW utilization and enhancing the sustainability of ferronickel production.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of Reduced Iron Powder and Cement Raw Material from Red Mud Using Reduction Roasting with CaO 利用 CaO 还原焙烧从赤泥中制备还原铁粉和水泥原料

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00868-5

Fuqiang Zheng, Yuqi Zhao, Hongyang Wang, Bin Hu, Chen Liu

{"title":"Preparation of Reduced Iron Powder and Cement Raw Material from Red Mud Using Reduction Roasting with CaO","authors":"Fuqiang Zheng, Yuqi Zhao, Hongyang Wang, Bin Hu, Chen Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00868-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00868-5","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction roasting‒magnetic separation was adopted to extract iron in red mud containing 47.45% Fe and 11.58% Al2O3. The process mineralogy and phase transformation of red mud during reduction roasting with CaO were studied using advanced mineral identification and characterization system, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive spectrometer. Results show that the main Fe-bearing minerals in red mud are hematite and alumogeothite, with corresponding contents of 47.99% and 37.81%, respectively. After reduction roasting with CaO, red mud is converted into metallic iron and Ca–Al compounds, and the iron grain size increases with roasting temperature. After roasting at 1175 °C for 60 min, the iron grain size reaches 18.85 μm. Under the conditions of grinding size of − 44 μm of 86.57%, and magnetic intensity of 1000 Gs, a concentrate with Fe grade of 90.14% and Fe recovery of 85.68% is obtained. Meanwhile, there are 40.01% of CaO and 23.96% of Al2O3 in magnetic tailing, which can be used as cement raw materials. This study lays the foundation for the resource utilization of red mud.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141608333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance Metrics of the Newly Introduced Britannia Silver Process: Significant Reductions in Operating Costs, Energy Usage, and Scope 1 Carbon Emissions in the Industrial-Scale Refining of Silver 新引进的不列颠尼亚银工艺的性能指标：大幅降低工业规模白银精炼的运营成本、能源使用量和范围 1 碳排放量

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00872-9

Steven King, Alberto Striolo

{"title":"Performance Metrics of the Newly Introduced Britannia Silver Process: Significant Reductions in Operating Costs, Energy Usage, and Scope 1 Carbon Emissions in the Industrial-Scale Refining of Silver","authors":"Steven King, Alberto Striolo","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00872-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00872-9","url":null,"abstract":"The current pyrometallurgical silver refining process involves high energy consumption and a proportional carbon footprint. Developmental work conducted by Glencore at Britannia Refined Metals, UK, has achieved a fundamental redesign of the silver refining process. The new process, tested at the pilot plant scale, has removed the liquation stage in the original process and introduced a vacuum dezincing unit with significantly superior energy efficiency to the original vacuum induction dezincing operation. The redesigned dezincing unit demonstrates dezincing kinetics 44% greater than the original unit, as well as a higher purity and recovery efficiency of zinc. Utilizing a pilot plant at nominally ¼ scale of the full-scale process, the new Britannia Silver Process has been operated as an experimental facility to examine all aspects of the new operation and its integration into larger full-scale plant. The extended operation demonstrated a 37% reduction in energy usage and a 31% reduction in carbon footprint, as assessed at Scope 1 resolution, compared to the original process, per unit of produced silver, at equal or better purity. The favorable results have secured the approval of construction of a demonstration plant.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Metallization Degree of DRI on the Yield and CO2 Emission in Reduction Shaft Furnace Process DRI 金属化程度对还原竖炉工艺产量和二氧化碳排放量的影响

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00824-3

Yulu Zhou, Xin Jiang, Xiaoai Wang, Haiyan Zheng, Qiangjian Gao, Fengman Shen

{"title":"Effects of Metallization Degree of DRI on the Yield and CO2 Emission in Reduction Shaft Furnace Process","authors":"Yulu Zhou, Xin Jiang, Xiaoai Wang, Haiyan Zheng, Qiangjian Gao, Fengman Shen","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00824-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00824-3","url":null,"abstract":"Reduction shaft furnace process is one of the future directions for low-carbon ironmaking. Different parameters can affect the yield and CO2 emissions. In the present work, the effect of metallization degree (MD) of direct reduced iron (DRI) on the yield and CO2 emission in reduction shaft furnace process was calculated by thermodynamics, considering the partial oxidation of coke oven gas (COG). The results indicate that (1) at a reduction temperature of 850 °C and an MD of 90%, COG partial oxidation in shaft furnace can increase DRI yield by 0.266 kg/100mol COG and reduce CO2 emissions by 72.664 kg/t-DRI compared to heating furnace; (2) reducing reduction temperature and MD will increase DRI yield and reduce CO2 emission. At 800 °C with a 90% MD, the highest DRI yield (2.599 kg/100mol COG) and lowest CO2 emission (626.406 kg/t-DRI) were achieved, which mark a significant 0.138 kg/100mol COG increase in DRI yield and a notable 43.331 kg/t-DRI decrease in CO2 emission compared to 950 °C with a 100% MD; (3) high CO2 removal rates from the top gas not only slightly reduces the heat load of the heating furnace but also provides more heat and reducing gas for top gas recycling. The results of this study may provide guidance in selecting optimal parameters for practical shaft furnace processes and reducing CO2 emissions.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green Ironmaking at Higher H2 Pressure: Reduction Kinetics and Microstructure Formation During Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Hematite Pellets 较高氢气压力下的绿色炼铁：基于氢气的赤铁矿球团直接还原过程中的还原动力学和微观结构形成

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00877-4

Özge Özgün, Imants Dirba, Oliver Gutfleisch, Yan Ma, Dierk Raabe

{"title":"Green Ironmaking at Higher H2 Pressure: Reduction Kinetics and Microstructure Formation During Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Hematite Pellets","authors":"Özge Özgün, Imants Dirba, Oliver Gutfleisch, Yan Ma, Dierk Raabe","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00877-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00877-4","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron ores has attracted immense attention and is considered a forerunner technology for sustainable ironmaking. It has a high potential to mitigate CO2 emissions in the steel industry, which accounts today for ~ 8–10% of all global CO2 emissions. Direct reduction produces highly porous sponge iron via natural-gas-based or gasified-coal-based reducing agents that contain hydrogen and organic molecules. Commercial technologies usually operate at elevated pressure, e.g., the MIDREX process at 2 bar and the HyL/Energiron process at 6–8 bar. However, the impact of H2 pressure on reduction kinetics and microstructure evolution of hematite pellets during hydrogen-based direct reduction has not been well understood. Here, we present a study about the influence of H2 pressure on the reduction kinetics of hematite pellets with pure H2 at 700 °C at various pressures, i.e., 1, 10, and 100 bar under static gas exposure, and 1.3 and 50 bar under dynamic gas exposure. The microstructure of the reduced pellets was characterized by combining X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction. The results provide new insights into the critical role of H2 pressure in the hydrogen-based direct reduction process and establish a direction for future furnace design and process optimization.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructural Investigation of Discarded NdFeB Magnets After Low-Temperature Hydrogenation 低温氢化后废弃钕铁硼磁体的微观结构研究

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00873-8

Alireza Habibzadeh, Mehmet Ali Kucuker, Öznur Çakır, Mertol Gökelma

{"title":"Microstructural Investigation of Discarded NdFeB Magnets After Low-Temperature Hydrogenation","authors":"Alireza Habibzadeh, Mehmet Ali Kucuker, Öznur Çakır, Mertol Gökelma","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00873-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00873-8","url":null,"abstract":"Due to continuously increasing demand and limited resources of rare-earth elements (REEs), new solutions are being sought to overcome the supply risk of REEs. To mitigate the supply risk of REEs, much attention has recently been paid to recycling. Despite the more common recycling methods, including hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes, hydrogen processing of magnetic scrap (HPMS) is still in the development stage. Magnet-to-magnet recycling via hydrogenation of discarded NdFeB magnets provides a fine powder suitable for the production of new magnets from secondary sources. One of the crucial aspects of HPMS is the degree of recovery of the magnetic properties, as the yield efficiency can easily reach over 95%. The amount, morphology, and distribution of the Nd-rich phase are the key parameters to achieve the excellent performance of the magnet by isolating the matrix grain. Therefore, a better insight into the microstructure of the matrix grains and the Nd-rich phase before and after hydrogenation is essential. In this study, a low-temperature hydrogenation process in the range of room temperature to 400 °C was conducted as the first step to recycle NdFeB magnets from discarded hard disk drives (HDDs), and the hydrogenated powder was characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show that there are three different morphologies of the Nd-rich phase, which undergo two different transformations through oxidation and hydride formation. While at lower temperatures (below 250 °C) the degree of pulverization is higher and the experimental evidence of hydride formation is less clear, at higher temperatures the degree of pulverization decreases. The formation of neodymium hydride at higher temperatures prevents further oxidation of the Nd-rich phase due to its high stability.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

NdFeB Magnets Recycling via High-Pressure Selective Leaching and the Impurities Behaviors 通过高压选择性浸出回收钕铁硼磁铁及其杂质行为

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00871-w

Zhiming Yan, Zushu Li, Mingrui Yang, Wei Lv, Anwar Sattar

{"title":"NdFeB Magnets Recycling via High-Pressure Selective Leaching and the Impurities Behaviors","authors":"Zhiming Yan, Zushu Li, Mingrui Yang, Wei Lv, Anwar Sattar","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00871-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00871-w","url":null,"abstract":"Global concerns about climate change are driving increased demand of electric vehicles for sustainable transportation and turbines in emerging energy solutions, where permanent magnets (PMs) and rare earth elements (REEs) play a critical role. However, global REEs recycling rates are only 3% and 8% for light and heavy REEs, respectively. This work proposes an effective approach to separate the REEs and iron via high-pressure selective leaching by low-concentrated nitric acid from the end-of-life NdFeB magnet and investigates the impurities behavior during the leaching and precipitation steps. The results from the optimized leaching conditions demonstrated over 95% REEs leaching efficiency with less than 0.3% Fe dissolution. Approximately 70% of Al and B were leached as well, while other elements (Co, Ni, Cu) had leaching efficiencies below 40%, leaving a hematite rich residue. Adjusting the pH removes Al and Fe in leachate but minimally affects Cu, Co, and Ni. Na2S addition is more effective against transition metals, but both methods result in around 10% REEs loss. Direct oxalate precipitation is suggested for the obtained leachate, which can yield over 97.5% REEs oxides with approximately 1.0% alumina, which is acceptable for magnet remanufacturing due to the aluminum content commonly found in magnets. The technology developed in this study offers opportunities for closed-loop recycling and remanufacturing of PMs, benefiting the environment, economy, and supply chain security.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Review of Biocarbon Substitutes in Electrodes and Refractories for the Metallurgical Industries 冶金工业电极和耐火材料中的生物碳替代品综述

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00870-x

Jesse Franklin White, Luis Miguel López Renau, Björn Glaser

{"title":"A Review of Biocarbon Substitutes in Electrodes and Refractories for the Metallurgical Industries","authors":"Jesse Franklin White, Luis Miguel López Renau, Björn Glaser","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00870-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00870-x","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical and thermophysical properties of carbon make it essentially irreplaceable for non-reductant uses in many high-temperature metallurgical processes. At present, biocarbon substitutes are not technically feasible for large-scale application in electrode and refractory materials that are such vital consumables in the steel, aluminum, and non-ferrous metal industries. Carbon electrodes of all types, including Söderberg, prebaked, and anodes/cathodes for Al, graphite electrodes, as well as carbon lining pastes are all similar in that they are comprised of a granular carbon aggregate bonded in a carbon-based binder matrix. Similarly, refractories such as MgO–C utilize both natural (mined) graphite and carbon-based binders. Replacement of fossil carbon materials with biocarbon substitutes has the potential to dramatically reduce the carbon footprints of these products. However, there are considerable materials engineering challenges that must be surmounted. The technological demands for these applications and potential for substitution with biogenic carbon are explored.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iron Oxide Direct Reduction and Iron Nitride Formation Using Ammonia: Review and Thermodynamic Analysis 使用氨直接还原氧化铁和形成氮化铁：回顾与热力学分析

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00860-z

Tiara Triana, Geoffrey A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Mark I. Pownceby

{"title":"Iron Oxide Direct Reduction and Iron Nitride Formation Using Ammonia: Review and Thermodynamic Analysis","authors":"Tiara Triana, Geoffrey A. Brooks, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, Mark I. Pownceby","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00860-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00860-z","url":null,"abstract":"The steel industry is one of the main contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for about 7 to 9% of the world’s total output. The steel sector is under pressure to move toward net-zero emissions by reducing its consumption of coke as the main method of reducing iron-rich feed materials to iron. Due to its well-developed synthesis process, high supply chain, straightforward handling technologies, and highly developed long-standing infrastructure, ammonia has the potential to become a replacement for coke as a future iron ore reductant. This work reviews previous research on ammonia direct reduction of iron oxides and the possible formation of iron nitrides. A thermodynamic assessment using FactSage 8.2 thermochemical software was carried out examining the behavior of ammonia gas as the reductant upon heating, detailed evaluations of the stable phases present under different reaction conditions and using different feed materials, and the formation and stability of iron nitride phases. The results suggest that the reduction of hematite with ammonia occurs in two steps below 570 °C and three steps above 570 °C. The ratio of Fe2O3/NH3 was predicted to affect the reduction reactions by promoting a greater reduction degree and simultaneously lowering the initial temperature needed for reduction, while the excess gas concentration can suppress FeO formation. A predominance area diagram was developed showing the main areas of stable phases as a function of the partial pressure of NH3 and temperature. The formation of iron nitrides during the process was predicted and these were not expected to cause issues for the formation of iron due to their instability under the conditions studied. This analysis can be used to inform further experimental studies regarding ammonia reduction of iron oxide.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic Extraction of Valuable Elements from High-Alumina Fly Ash via Carbochlorination 通过羧基氯化法协同提取高铝粉煤灰中的有价元素

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00865-8

Xinxin Zhao, Long Wang, Tianhao Cheng, Yan Liu, Ting-an Zhang, Qiuyue Zhao

{"title":"Synergistic Extraction of Valuable Elements from High-Alumina Fly Ash via Carbochlorination","authors":"Xinxin Zhao, Long Wang, Tianhao Cheng, Yan Liu, Ting-an Zhang, Qiuyue Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00865-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00865-8","url":null,"abstract":"Carbochlorination was employed to synergistically extract valuable components (Al and Si) and critical metals (Li, Ga, and Sc) from high-alumina fly ash (HAFA). The effects of gas flow, chlorination time, oxygen content, coking coal addition amount, and chlorination temperature on HAFA\u0000carbochlorination were experimentally investigated. Then, the phase transformation of HAFA was systemically investigated via XRD, SEM/EDS, and FT-IR analysis to determine the carbochlorination mechanism. Experimental investigation shows that under the optimal experimental conditions (gas flow, 10 L/min; oxygen concentration, 15%; C/O molar ratio, 1.379; chlorination temperature, 1100 °C; and chlorination time, 60 min), the chlorination rates of Al2O3, SiO2, Li2O, Ga2O3, and Sc2O3 reach 89.04%, 72.02%, 96.15%, 97.02%, and 95.30%, respectively. Chlorination residue characterizations show that the main phase mullite in HAFA is involved in carbochlorination, the aluminum in mullite is the first to complete chlorination, and the unreacted silicon is transformed into the cristobalite phase. Part of the aluminum and silicon in mullite participate in carbochlorination, resulting in the defects of mullite structure and transformation into mullite mesophase (Al1.69Si1.22O4.85). Finally, SiO2 participated in carbochlorination to produce SiCl4. Since Li, Ga, and Sc are coated in aluminum–silicon glass, they all participate in the carbochlorination after the mullite structure is broken, transforming into the corresponding metal chlorides. AlCl3, SiCl4, GaCl3, and ScCl3 are collected in the condensing tubes, while LiCl and CaCl2 remain in the chlorination residues.<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0