Green Ironmaking at Higher H2 Pressure: Reduction Kinetics and Microstructure Formation During Hydrogen-Based Direct Reduction of Hematite Pellets

IF 2.5 3区 材料科学 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Özge Özgün, Imants Dirba, Oliver Gutfleisch, Yan Ma, Dierk Raabe
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Abstract

Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron ores has attracted immense attention and is considered a forerunner technology for sustainable ironmaking. It has a high potential to mitigate CO2 emissions in the steel industry, which accounts today for ~ 8–10% of all global CO2 emissions. Direct reduction produces highly porous sponge iron via natural-gas-based or gasified-coal-based reducing agents that contain hydrogen and organic molecules. Commercial technologies usually operate at elevated pressure, e.g., the MIDREX process at 2 bar and the HyL/Energiron process at 6–8 bar. However, the impact of H2 pressure on reduction kinetics and microstructure evolution of hematite pellets during hydrogen-based direct reduction has not been well understood. Here, we present a study about the influence of H2 pressure on the reduction kinetics of hematite pellets with pure H2 at 700 °C at various pressures, i.e., 1, 10, and 100 bar under static gas exposure, and 1.3 and 50 bar under dynamic gas exposure. The microstructure of the reduced pellets was characterized by combining X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy equipped with electron backscatter diffraction. The results provide new insights into the critical role of H2 pressure in the hydrogen-based direct reduction process and establish a direction for future furnace design and process optimization.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

较高氢气压力下的绿色炼铁:基于氢气的赤铁矿球团直接还原过程中的还原动力学和微观结构形成
铁矿石的氢基直接还原(HyDR)技术引起了广泛关注,被认为是可持续炼铁的先驱技术。目前,钢铁行业的二氧化碳排放量约占全球总排放量的 8-10%。直接还原法通过含氢和有机分子的天然气还原剂或气化煤还原剂生产高孔隙海绵铁。商业技术通常在高压下运行,例如 MIDREX 工艺在 2 bar 压力下运行,HyL/Energiron 工艺在 6-8 bar 压力下运行。然而,在氢基直接还原过程中,氢气压力对赤铁矿球团的还原动力学和微观结构演变的影响尚未得到很好的了解。在此,我们介绍了一项关于氢气压力对赤铁矿球团在不同压力(静态气体暴露下为 1、10 和 100 巴,动态气体暴露下为 1.3 和 50 巴)、700 °C、纯 H2 还原动力学的影响的研究。通过结合 X 射线衍射和配备电子反向散射衍射的扫描电子显微镜,对还原颗粒的微观结构进行了表征。研究结果为氢气压力在氢基直接还原过程中的关键作用提供了新的见解,并为未来的熔炉设计和工艺优化指明了方向。
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来源期刊
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Materials Science-Metals and Alloys
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
151
期刊介绍: Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy is dedicated to presenting metallurgical processes and related research aimed at improving the sustainability of metal-producing industries, with a particular emphasis on materials recovery, reuse, and recycling. Its editorial scope encompasses new techniques, as well as optimization of existing processes, including utilization, treatment, and management of metallurgically generated residues. Articles on non-technical barriers and drivers that can affect sustainability will also be considered.
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