Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic Extraction of Valuable Elements from High-Alumina Fly Ash via Carbochlorination","authors":"Xinxin Zhao, Long Wang, Tianhao Cheng, Yan Liu, Ting-an Zhang, Qiuyue Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00865-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00865-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbochlorination was employed to synergistically extract valuable components (Al and Si) and critical metals (Li, Ga, and Sc) from high-alumina fly ash (HAFA). The effects of gas flow, chlorination time, oxygen content, coking coal addition amount, and chlorination temperature on HAFA\u0000carbochlorination were experimentally investigated. Then, the phase transformation of HAFA was systemically investigated via XRD, SEM/EDS, and FT-IR analysis to determine the carbochlorination mechanism. Experimental investigation shows that under the optimal experimental conditions (gas flow, 10 L/min; oxygen concentration, 15%; C/O molar ratio, 1.379; chlorination temperature, 1100 °C; and chlorination time, 60 min), the chlorination rates of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, Li₂O, Ga₂O₃, and Sc₂O₃ reach 89.04%, 72.02%, 96.15%, 97.02%, and 95.30%, respectively. Chlorination residue characterizations show that the main phase mullite in HAFA is involved in carbochlorination, the aluminum in mullite is the first to complete chlorination, and the unreacted silicon is transformed into the cristobalite phase. Part of the aluminum and silicon in mullite participate in carbochlorination, resulting in the defects of mullite structure and transformation into mullite mesophase (Al_1.69Si_1.22O_4.85). Finally, SiO₂ participated in carbochlorination to produce SiCl₄. Since Li, Ga, and Sc are coated in aluminum–silicon glass, they all participate in the carbochlorination after the mullite structure is broken, transforming into the corresponding metal chlorides. AlCl₃, SiCl₄, GaCl₃, and ScCl₃ are collected in the condensing tubes, while LiCl and CaCl₂ remain in the chlorination residues.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Sintering Technology of Manganese Ore Fines Strengthened by Pellet-Sintering Process","authors":"Wei Liu, Deqing Zhu, Jian Pan, Zhenning Wei, Congcong Yang, Zhengqi Guo, Wuju Zhang, Zhiyong Ruan, Lirong Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00866-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00866-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The experimentation allowing comparison of manganese ore fines pellet sintering and traditional sintering of manganese ore fines in terms of sintering performance are studied. The results show that, compared with traditional sintering, the pellet-sintering process can significantly reduce the coke level while ensuring the quality of sinter. Pellet sintering required 10.54 kgce/t lower solid fuel rate in total and 26.28 kgCO₂/t lower CO₂ emission rate than traditional one, of which solid fuel consumption and CO₂ emission rate are 88.7 kgce/t and 221.13 kgCO₂/t, respectively. In addition, pellet-sintering products exhibit higher electrical resistivity and a superior tumble index compared to traditional manganese sintered products. Compared with traditional sintering, the electrical resistivity and tumbling index of pellet-sintering products are changed from 30.6 MΩ·m, 51.7% to 49.9 MΩ·m, and 62.5%, respectively. It provides a new method for low-carbon production of manganese ore fines.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Hydrogen Reduction Behavior of Sintered Pellets of Bauxite Residue-Lime Mixtures","authors":"Manish Kumar Kar, Casper van der Eijk, Jafar Safarian","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00849-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00849-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the isothermal hydrogen reduction of sintered pellets made of a mixture of bauxite residue and calcite with varying compositions at different reduction temperatures. Sintered pellets with varying compositions show three primary iron-containing oxide phases including brownmillerite, srebrodolskite, and fayalite; however, brownmillerite is the major phase in all the sintered pellets. The sintered pellets were reduced in a thermogravimetry furnace to establish instantaneous weight reduction with respect to time. Phases and microstructural analysis were carried out using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Mercury intrusion porosimeter and pycnometer were utilized to assess the porosity and density of the reduced pellets. Thermochemistry calculations were performed using the thermodynamics software FactSage 8.2. The reduction rate is most pronounced at a temperature of 1000 °C for all pellet compositions. It is intriguing to note that the rate of reduction shows minimal variance across pellets with different compositions; however, the higher calcite pellets exhibit a higher initial rate of reduction. Various kinetic models were examined to determine the activation energies for three different composition pellets, and the three-dimensional diffusion model has been well suited for this process. Close activation energies in the range of 84.6 to 94.8 kJ were obtained. A slightly higher activation energy was obtained for lower CaCO₃ added pellets, and it was attributed to their reduced porosity and increased sintering, impeding the reaction kinetics. There were no significant differences in the formation of mayenite with varying the calcite amount; however, higher calcite pellets indicated more mayenite formation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NCA-Type Lithium-Ion Battery: A Review of Separation and Purification Technologies for Recycling Metals","authors":"Anastássia Mariáh Nunes de Oliveira Lima, Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa, Amilton Barbosa Botelho Junior, Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00859-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00859-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>End-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are waste from electric vehicles that contain valuable and critical metals such as cobalt and lithium in their composition. These metals are at risk of supply due to the increase in demand in the manufacture of technological products and the concentration of reserves in specific countries. When we talk about urban mining, the step of separation and purification is difficult and crucial for development of technology to recover metals because there are many problems when we have a mix and different concentration of these metals. Thus, this study aim is to clarify the techniques used in the recovery of LIBs residues for the NCA type. The NCA-type batteries, which contain, in addition to lithium (Li), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni), the element aluminium (Al) in their cathode structure. It is observed was carried out on the recovery of LIBs of all types, and a gap was observed regarding NCA type. Although many studies cover the recovery of metals in cathode structures from LIBs, it is not observed for batteries containing Al. Its observed that aluminium is a problem for the separation process because of its chemical characteristics. Based on this analysis, the recovery of metals presents in the NCA type batteries, the route proposed is that the first step should be the precipitation of aluminium, followed by solvent extraction of cobalt, and the last step is the precipitation of nickel, followed by lithium precipitation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141506022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Biochar from Seaweed for Ferroalloy Production","authors":"Samuel Senanu, Judit Sandquist, Jorunn Skjermo, Stein Rørvik, Magnus Windfeldt","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00863-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00863-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biochar from seaweed, specifically sugar kelp, cultivated on the Norwegian coastline has been investigated as a possible biocarbon source for the metal industry to reduce the dependency on terrestrial biomass. Pre-processing of the biomass prior to pyrolysis is needed to reduce the water and ash content and was performed by water and acid washing followed by drying. The three types of biochar were obtained after pyrolysis at a temperature of 550 °C. Characterization of the three batches of biochars showed that pre-processing of the seaweed as was done during the water and acid washing, plays an important role on the removal of ash content. Due to the enormous amount of woody biomass needed for example in the ferroalloy industry to replace fossil coal, replacing only parts of the woody biomass with kelp biochar could have a significant impact. Water washing combined with acid washing had the best results considering the ash and fixed carbon contents. Microstructural analysis of the seaweed biochars showed a very porous material with the crystal structure resembling that of charcoal, albeit a lower degree of crystallinity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Waste to Wealth: Current Advances in Recycling Technologies for Metal Recovery from Vanadium-Titanium Magnetite Tailings","authors":"Cheng Hu, Zhendong Yang, Miao He, Yazhi Zhan, Zhenyu Zhang, Cong Peng, Li Zeng, Yonghong Liu, Zhaoyue Yang, Huaqun Yin, Zhenghua Liu","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00847-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00847-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The burgeoning accumulation of vanadium-titanium magnetite tailings (VTMT) presents a dual challenge of environmental hazard and loss of valuable metal resources. This review arrives at a crucial juncture in global efforts towards a circular economy, focusing on innovative and effective metal recovery technologies. We explore the forefront of recycling methodologies, including suspension magnetization roasting, chlorination roasting, hydrometallurgical methods, and emerging approaches like MnO₂ roasting, magnesia and calcium roasting, and microwave oxidation roasting. Our analysis juxtaposes these advanced methods against traditional techniques, emphasizing their superior environmental and resource recovery benefits. Despite promising advancements, these technologies are still in nascent stages, each presenting unique merits and limitations that necessitate further research. This paper delves into the future trajectory of VTMT recycling, emphasizing the integration of technological innovation with environmental and resource stewardship. By tackling the specific challenges of VTMT, we underscore the urgency for holistic, efficient, and eco-friendly solutions. The future of VTMT metal recovery hinges on the progressive refinement and amalgamation of these technologies, underscored by a commitment to balancing ecological concerns with societal demands.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purifying 7CrSiMnMoV Steel from Scrap Modified with Rare Earth Cerium Alloying","authors":"Huihui Wang, Qian Long, Jie Zeng, Xu Gao, You Zhou, Zaixue Zheng, Wanlin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00852-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00852-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is crucial to control the sulfur and oxygen in the steel liquid to produce high-cleanliness rare earth steel. This study attempted to investigate the effect of rare earth Ce content on purifying the produced 7CrSiMnMoV steel from scrap steel by modified rare earth inclusions based on a proposed integrated process of high-alkalinity refining slag desulfurization, Si–Mn deoxidation, Al-enhanced deoxidation, and rare earth Ce alloying. The results show that the evolution mechanism of rare earth inclusions is 25% Al₂O₃⋅25% MgO⋅50% Ce₂O₃ → 25% Al₂O₃⋅75% Ce₂O₃, 12.5% Al₂O₃⋅MnS⋅Ce₂O₂S → Ce₂O₃, Ce₂O₂S → Ce₂S₃, Ce₂O₂S → (Mn Ce)₂S₃, Ce₂O₂S, with the rare earth Ce-added content of 0.009%, 0.012%, and 0.100%, respectively. And rare earth Ce can improve the cleanliness of steel liquid by controlling the rare earth Ce-added content to form the M1-Ce₂O₃ (M1 is Al, Mg, etc.) and M2-Ce₂SO₂ (M2 is Ca, Mn, etc.) rare earth inclusions; the oxygen and sulfur concentrations can reach 0.0031% and 0.0026%, respectively, with a rare earth Ce content of 0.012%. However, excessive amounts of rare earth Ce could deteriorate the cleanliness of steel liquid.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3><p>To produce 7CrSiMnMoV rare earth steel by scrap steel based on an integrated process of high-alkalinity refining slag desulfurization, Si–Mn deoxidation, Al-enhanced deoxidation, and rare earth Ce alloying and purifying steel liquid.Purifying 7CrSiMnMoV rare earth steel liquid by modified rare earth inclusion.Rare earth Ce can improve the cleanliness of steel liquid by controlling the rare earth Ce-added content to form M-Ce2O3 (M is Al, Mg, etc.) and M-Ce2SO2 (M is Ca, Mn, etc.) rare earth inclusions; the oxygen and sulfur concentrations can reach 0.0031% and 0.0026%, respectively, with a rare earth Ce content of 0.012%.</p>","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Objective Optimization of the Recovery of Base and Precious Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process Using Taguchi-Based Grey Relationship Analysis","authors":"Serdar Aral, Ayşe Vildan Beşe","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00850-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00850-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focused on determining the optimum conditions for the maximum recovery of base and precious metals from printed circuit boards of end-of-life desktop computer motherboards using Taguchi-based grey relation analysis. In the first stage of the two-stage study, optimum conditions were investigated for the dissolution of base metals (copper and zinc) in waste printed circuit boards under high-pressure leaching. The dissolution of base metals was performed based on the L25 orthogonal array designed by Taguchi method. In the second step, designed according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array to recover gold and silver from the solid remaining from the pressure-leaching process. Optimum combinations of parameters in both stages were determined using the multi-criteria optimization technique grey relationship analysis. In the experiments carried out in the determined optimum combinations, 99.62% of copper, 98.76% of zinc, 99.15 of silver and 85.82% of gold in waste printed circuit boards were recovered.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"13 22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Separation of Cadmium from Cobalt-Rich Solutions Using Cyanex301 and P204/P507","authors":"Zhen Qian, Chongyang Li, Limin He, Hufei Chen, Yanmei Peng, Qilong Shi, Xueliang Xiong, Xinbing Xia, Changhong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00854-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00854-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of cadmium (Cd) in ternary batteries is a known detriment to both their service longevity and cycling performance. Traditional methods for reducing Cd levels in cobalt (Co) sulfate solutions can be effective but often result in significant losses of Co. This study introduces an enhanced dual-extractant system that combines 5% (<i>V</i>/<i>V</i>) di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (P204) with 5% (<i>V</i>/<i>V</i>) bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid (Cyanex301) to effectively lower Cd content without substantial Co depletion. Conducted at a pH of 1.8 with a 1:1(<i>V</i>/<i>V</i>) organic-to-aqueous phase ratio at 25 °C for 10 min, our approach achieved a 99.99% extraction efficiency for Cd and limited Co extraction to just 0.53%. Subsequent stripping processes utilized 1 M sulfuric acid and 6 M hydrochloric acid to recover 87.13% of Co and 95.11% of Cd. An efficient process roadmap operated at optimized condition was demonstrated for plant-wide treatment of the cobalt sulfate solution containing Cd. The innovative results hold the potential to accelerate advancements in secondary resource recycling, especially Cd and Co.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur Removal and Iron Recovery from High-Pressure Acid Leaching Residue of Nickel Laterite Ore","authors":"Jiyao Wu, Baozhong Ma, Yongqiang Chen, Hui Yang, Chengyan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00853-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00853-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-pressure acid leach (HPAL) residue from laterite nickel ore is a potentially valuable resource for ironmaking; however, its efficient utilization is hindered by its high sulfur content. In this study, an effective and straightforward method is proposed for sulfur removal from HPAL residue. The process involves sieving and sodium carbonate leaching, enabling significant sulfur reduction from 5.12 to 0.81% and simultaneous enrichment of iron content from 47.12 to 55.27%. The sulfur content in the treated HPAL residue falls below the permissible level for the ironmaking industry, rendering it suitable for use as a low-grade iron ore. This innovative approach not only facilitates the valuable utilization of HPAL residues but also mitigates solid waste emissions, addressing the economic and environmental challenges associated with large stockpiles of solid waste.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}