Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy最新文献_第4页

Cryo-Assisted Nitrogen Treatment for the Fabrication of Nanoengineered, Mixed Transition Metal Oxide Anode from Inorganic Domestic Waste, for Lithium-Ion Batteries 利用无机生活垃圾制造锂离子电池用纳米工程混合过渡金属氧化物阳极的低温辅助氮气处理技术

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00891-6

Humza Ashraf, B. Deniz Karahan

{"title":"Cryo-Assisted Nitrogen Treatment for the Fabrication of Nanoengineered, Mixed Transition Metal Oxide Anode from Inorganic Domestic Waste, for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Humza Ashraf, B. Deniz Karahan","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00891-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00891-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel method for the fabrication of nanoengineered, mixed transition metal oxide anode active material is proposed based on implementing liquid nitrogen treatment during the chemical precipitation process, for the first time in open literature. Such interference in the precipitation is believed to change the surface energy of the nuclei leading to differentiation in the growth process. To exemplify this hypothesis with an environmentally friendly approach, kitchen scourer pads, an existing waste, are used as a starting material instead of using a mixture of primary quality metals’ salts. Therefore, in this study, firstly, an optimization is realized to leach the scouring pad with 100% efficiency. Then, by applying a conventional chemical precipitation to this leachate at pH 5.5, Sample 1-P is produced. Herein, innovatively liquid nitrogen treatment is carried out during the chemical precipitation to produce Sample 2-P. Lastly, these precipitates (Samples 1-P, 2-P) are calcinated in the air to form mixed transition metal oxide powders: Samples 1 and 2, respectively. Structural, chemical, and morphological characterizations are carried out to examine the effect of liquid nitrogen treatment on the powders’ properties. To discuss the effect of nitrogen treatment on the electrochemical performances of the anode active materials (Sample 1 and Sample 2), galvanostatic tests are realized. The results show that Sample 2 demonstrates a higher 1st discharge capacity (1352 mAh/g) and retains 62% of its performance after 200 cycles when 50 mA/g current load is applied. Moreover, this electrode delivers around 500 mAh/g at 1 A/g current load. The remarkable cycle performance of Sample 2 is believed to be related to the superior chemical, structural, and physical properties of the electrode active material.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economics of Electrowinning Iron from Ore for Green Steel Production 从矿石中电解铁用于绿色钢铁生产的经济学研究

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00878-3

Matthew S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. Brooks, Alan R. Duffy, Chad Hargrave, M. Akbar Rhamdhani

{"title":"Economics of Electrowinning Iron from Ore for Green Steel Production","authors":"Matthew S. Humbert, Geoffrey A. Brooks, Alan R. Duffy, Chad Hargrave, M. Akbar Rhamdhani","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00878-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00878-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transition to green steel production is pivotal for reducing global carbon emissions. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic analysis of various green steel production methods, including hydrogen reduction and three different electrolysis techniques: aqueous hydroxide electrolysis (AHE), molten salt electrolysis, and molten oxide electrolysis (MOE). By comparing process flow diagrams, capital and operational expenditures, specific energy consumption, and production footprint, this work provides a high-level assessment of the economic viability of these processes as they mature. The analysis reveals that MOE, despite its ongoing development, offers a promising route for iron production given its ability to process a wide range of ore qualities and the potential to sell electrolyte as a cement product. However, the best balance between deployment ready technology and economic benefit is AHE. Operational challenges are also discussed, such as electrolyte loss and slag handling. We suggest that the sale of by-products like oxygen may not significantly impact the economics due to market saturation. The findings underscore the importance of continued research and development in process optimization to realize the full potential of green steel technologies. All the calculations have been released as supplementary electronic material (MS Excel workbook). The format has been inspired by the techno-economic assessment template (TECHTEST) distributed by the US Dept. of Energy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141937829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas Using Hot Blast Furnace Slag: Techno-economic Analysis and CFD Modeling 利用热风炉炉渣从天然气中制氢：技术经济分析和 CFD 建模

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00862-x

Allan Runstedtler, Haining Gao

{"title":"Hydrogen Production from Natural Gas Using Hot Blast Furnace Slag: Techno-economic Analysis and CFD Modeling","authors":"Allan Runstedtler, Haining Gao","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00862-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00862-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A process for thermal decomposition of methane to hydrogen and solid carbon is presented and examined. It utilizes the high-temperature heat from the slag by-product of blast furnace ironmaking to drive a thermal decomposition reaction, making it a waste-heat-to-hydrogen technology. This is accomplished via dry granulation of molten slag that feeds a fluidized bed reactor to effect methane–slag contact. First, the proposed process and the heat and mass balances are presented. It is found that it could produce an amount of hydrogen that is equivalent to about 20% of the reductant, depending on the iron-to-slag ratio. Then, a techno-economic analysis investigates the capital and operating costs of the process, compares the hydrogen production cost to that of other processes, and examines cost sensitivity to the prices of process inputs and outputs. This analysis suggests that the process would be suitable for on-site hydrogen production and use within a plant. In addition, using the hot slag to drive the methane decomposition would reduce hydrogen production cost by 15% compared to combusting a portion of the natural gas itself. Finally, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling study of the fluidized bed reactor examines the thermal decomposition of methane and its dependence on reaction kinetics as well as reactor design and operation. The bed operated in the bubbling regime at an average temperature between 1020 and 1060 °C and resulted in as high as 82% conversion of the methane to hydrogen, with additional optimization still possible.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141884909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bio-Carbon Assisted Carbothermal Reduction Process for the Recovery of Lithium and Cobalt from the Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries 从废旧锂离子电池中回收锂和钴的生物碳辅助碳热还原工艺

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00890-7

Akhila Vasamsetti, Arrthi Ravitchandiran, Saradh Prasad Rajendra, Mohamad S. AlSalhi, Rajamohan Rajaram, Subramania Angaiah

{"title":"Bio-Carbon Assisted Carbothermal Reduction Process for the Recovery of Lithium and Cobalt from the Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Akhila Vasamsetti, Arrthi Ravitchandiran, Saradh Prasad Rajendra, Mohamad S. AlSalhi, Rajamohan Rajaram, Subramania Angaiah","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00890-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00890-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increase in demand for lithium-ion batteries is due to their usage in many electronic gadgets and electric vehicles. Recycling spent lithium-ion batteries plays an essential role in reducing environmental pollution and material and economic scarcity. In this paper, we employed an efficient and environmentally friendly bio-carbon based carbothermal reduction followed by a water leaching process to recover lithium and cobalt from LiCoO<sub>2</sub>(LCO)-based lithium-ion batteries. Here, the carbonized flamboyant pods (CFP) are used as a reducing agent for the carbothermal reduction process. During the carbothermal reduction process, the bio-carbon converts LiCoO<sub>2</sub> into Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. Afterwards, lithium is leached out by deionized water with a leaching efficiency of 98%, leaving Co in the residue as Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. This residue is further undergoing a smelting process to recover 98.5% of Co as Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. This carbothermal green recovery process is energy conserving, environmentally friendly and will bring perspective for sustainable recycling of LIBs with a minimized secondary waste.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Compositional Space of Gas-Phase Synthesized Fayalitic Model Slags Aiming at Cobalt Recovery 以钴回收为目标的气相合成辉绿岩模型炉渣成分空间研究

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00888-1

Manuel Vollbrecht, Krishnanjan Pramanik, Lucio Colombi Ciacchi, Lutz Mädler

{"title":"Investigating the Compositional Space of Gas-Phase Synthesized Fayalitic Model Slags Aiming at Cobalt Recovery","authors":"Manuel Vollbrecht, Krishnanjan Pramanik, Lucio Colombi Ciacchi, Lutz Mädler","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00888-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00888-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metallurgical waste streams contain minor yet significant contents of valuable and scarce elements which are commonly lost due to their low concentrations. The necessity of developing efficient recycling methods of these chemically diverse material systems is constantly gaining both public and technological attention since resource demands of high-technology elements are expected to rise drastically in the future. A novel approach to recover diluted elements from slags is the concept of Engineered Artificial Minerals (EnAM) which aims at entrapping target elements in separable crystalline phases. In this study, slag synthesis through flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) and characterization experiments are combined with theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify potential EnAM for Co recovery. Upon validating the viability of stoichiometric slag synthesis and the DFT framework, it is shown that the actual occurrence of flame-synthesized phases can be predicted considering their computed enthalpy of formation. The thus-defined compositional space, which is spanned by potentially forming slag compounds, is employed to identify promising additives for EnAM formation. Systematic analysis of the additive effect on crystallization revealed that Co crystallizes in a Fe–Mg-Co–O cubic spinel, making this phase a good EnAM candidate.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Process Development for Rare Earth Elements Recovery and Struvite Production from Biocrudes 从生物原油中回收稀土元素和生产白云石的工艺开发

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00874-7

Shiyu Li, Wencai Zhang

{"title":"Process Development for Rare Earth Elements Recovery and Struvite Production from Biocrudes","authors":"Shiyu Li, Wencai Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00874-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00874-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phytomining emerges as an innovative technique for extracting rare earth elements (REEs) from soil by employing hyperaccumulators. REE hyperaccumulators were treated using microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (MHTC) in acid-mediated systems to efficiently transfer REEs and other elements into biocrudes and produce high purity and value-added hydrochar. However, the subsequent treatment of biocrudes to recover valuable elements still presents a significant challenge. In this study, a process that combines solvent extraction and struvite precipitation was first developed to address this challenge. In the extraction step, 95.6% of REEs were extracted using 0.05 mol/L di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) with an aqueous to organic (A/O) ratio of 1:1 at pH 3.0. However, 75.1% of Al, 81.2% of Ca, 54.5% of Fe, 61.5% of Mn, and 81.3% of Zn were co-extracted into the organic phase with the REEs. To solve this issue, a subsequent scrubbing step using deionized water was applied, with the removal of over 98% of these impurities, while incurring negligible loss of REEs. After the scrubbing step, over 97% of REEs were ultimately stripped out from the organic phase as REE oxalates using 0.01 mol/L oxalic acid as the stripping agent. Furthermore, phosphorous (P) was found to be retained in the raffinate after the solvent extraction process. 94.4% of the P was recovered by forming struvite precipitate at pH 9.0 and a Mg/P molar ratio of 1.5. In general, high purity and value-added REE products and struvite precipitate were eventually achieved from biocrudes in environmentally friendly and economically viable ways.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On The Diffusivity of Boron in Slag During Silicon Refining 论硅精炼过程中熔渣中硼的扩散性

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00882-7

A. D. P. Putera, K. Avarmaa, H. T. B. M. Petrus, G. A. Brooks, M. A. Rhamdhani

引用次数: 0

Study on Inter-electrode Process of Aluminum Electrolysis: An Insight into Inter-electrode Phenomena Under Current Fluctuations 铝电解电极间过程研究：洞察电流波动下的电极间现象

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00887-2

Youjian Yang, Yonghui Yi, Chengping Xia, Jiangyu Yu, Qianhan Zhao, Fei Wang, Xianwei Hu, Zhaowen Wang

{"title":"Study on Inter-electrode Process of Aluminum Electrolysis: An Insight into Inter-electrode Phenomena Under Current Fluctuations","authors":"Youjian Yang, Yonghui Yi, Chengping Xia, Jiangyu Yu, Qianhan Zhao, Fei Wang, Xianwei Hu, Zhaowen Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00887-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00887-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, there are two research focuses in aluminum electrolysis industry: process control based on individual anodic current and current modulation. These two novel technologies share the same core mechanisms: precise control of energy balance and heat balance of aluminum electrolysis cells, which is closely linked to the changes in inter-electrode processes when the anodic current changes. In this study, the correlation between inter-electrode characteristics, including characteristics of the aluminum-electrolyte interface and anode-electrolyte interface, and current density as well as anode–cathode distance during aluminum electrolysis were investigated using the scanning reference electrode method and a see-through electrolytic cell. The obtained variation patterns of inter-electrode voltage components may serve as a reference for current balance control and precise thermal balance management in the multi-anode aluminum electrolysis system. The see-through lab-scale electrolytic cell was used to statistically analyze size distribution of gas bubbles released from the bottoms of three types of anodes during aluminum electrolysis process, aiding in understanding the resistance of the gas bubble layer.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141784144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the Dissolution of Spent MgO-C Refractory in Steelmaking Slag: Towards Utilization as a Steelmaking Flux 提高废氧化镁-C 耐火材料在炼钢炉渣中的溶解度：作为炼钢助熔剂加以利用

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00889-0

Chun-yang Liu, Jian-ping Yang, Chuan-ming Du, Yi Jia, You-yi Wu, Xing-wei Pei, Zhan-bo Shuang, Wu-ming Yu

{"title":"Enhancing the Dissolution of Spent MgO-C Refractory in Steelmaking Slag: Towards Utilization as a Steelmaking Flux","authors":"Chun-yang Liu, Jian-ping Yang, Chuan-ming Du, Yi Jia, You-yi Wu, Xing-wei Pei, Zhan-bo Shuang, Wu-ming Yu","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00889-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00889-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large amounts of spent MgO-C refractory are generated in steel plants annually. Compared to external recycling, internal recycling of spent refractory as a slag additive shows many advantages. However, the dissolution rate of spent MgO-C refractory in steelmaking slag is lower and small MgO-C particles are difficult to charge into the converter. To achieve its adequate dissolution and effective utilization, the spent MgO-C refractory was crushed to fabricate MgO-C briquette with a certain mechanical strength, and their dissolution behavior in steelmaking slag was investigated. The results showed that the compressive strength of MgO-C briquette increased significantly when the binder was added. The mechanical strength of MgO-C briquette can meet the requirement for transport and charging. The MgO-C briquette was readily broken to small pieces after it was added into the molten slag, and its dissolution occurred dramatically in the beginning, generating large amounts of foaming slag. The MgO-C briquette could be fully dissolved in each slag, and only some tiny MgO particles remained. The dissolution of MgO-C briquette resulted in an increase in the MgO content and a decrease in the FeO content in slag. It could provide more than 5% MgO to molten slag. Binder type had a little effect on the dissolution of MgO-C briquette in the molten slag. Decreasing slag basicity and increasing FeO content in slag facilitated the dissolution of MgO-C briquette, causing a higher MgO content in slag. This study confirmed that the complete dissolution of spent MgO-C refractory could supply heat and large amounts of MgO to the molten slag. It will not only reduce the consumption of steelmaking flux but also achieve the resource utilization of metallurgical wastes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Occurrence of Gallium in Gallium-Enriched Coal Gangue and Migration During Thermal Treatment 富镓煤矸石中镓的存在及其在热处理过程中的迁移研究

IF 2.4 3区材料科学

Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1007/s40831-024-00876-5

Yiyao Liu, Haijian Yang, Linquan Sun, Jinji Yuan, Keji Wan, Zhenyong Miao, Qinggui Xiao, Tao Qi

{"title":"Study on the Occurrence of Gallium in Gallium-Enriched Coal Gangue and Migration During Thermal Treatment","authors":"Yiyao Liu, Haijian Yang, Linquan Sun, Jinji Yuan, Keji Wan, Zhenyong Miao, Qinggui Xiao, Tao Qi","doi":"10.1007/s40831-024-00876-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40831-024-00876-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The occurrence of gallium in gallium-enriched coal gangue and the migration of gallium during thermal treatment were systematically studied. The phase and chemical composition of gallium-enriched coal gangue were determined, and the gallium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The mineralogical characteristics of coal gangue and liberation characteristics of main mineral phases, where gallium occurs, were analyzed using mineral liberation analyzer (MLA). The migration and occurrence of gallium in coal gangue during phase evolution after heat treatment were investigated through thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) and step sequential chemical extraction procedure. The results show that the main minerals in the coal gangue are kaolinite, pyrite, and illite, and the gallium content is 38.82 ppm, of which about 84% is present in kaolinite. It is indicated that gallium mainly occurs in aluminosilicate minerals in the form of isomorphism. MLA results reveal that kaolinite in coal gangue shows a good liberation degree, while pyrite and muscovite are encapsulated with another or more minerals, reflecting lower liberation characteristics. Organic matter combustion, pyrite oxidation, calcite decomposition, aluminosilicate dehydroxylation (transformation from kaolinite to metakaolin), and conversion of metakaolin into mullite sequentially occur during thermal treatment for coal gangue. As the mineral phases evolve, gallium gradually migrates from the aluminosilicate phase, predominantly kaolinite, to the oxides of iron, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, and then to aluminosilicate at 1000 ℃. Present work sheds light on the efficient utilization for coal gangue in terms of beneficiation and gallium extraction.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":17160,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141740243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0