Cryo-Assisted Nitrogen Treatment for the Fabrication of Nanoengineered, Mixed Transition Metal Oxide Anode from Inorganic Domestic Waste, for Lithium-Ion Batteries

IF 2.5 3区 材料科学 Q3 GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Humza Ashraf, B. Deniz Karahan
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Abstract

A novel method for the fabrication of nanoengineered, mixed transition metal oxide anode active material is proposed based on implementing liquid nitrogen treatment during the chemical precipitation process, for the first time in open literature. Such interference in the precipitation is believed to change the surface energy of the nuclei leading to differentiation in the growth process. To exemplify this hypothesis with an environmentally friendly approach, kitchen scourer pads, an existing waste, are used as a starting material instead of using a mixture of primary quality metals’ salts. Therefore, in this study, firstly, an optimization is realized to leach the scouring pad with 100% efficiency. Then, by applying a conventional chemical precipitation to this leachate at pH 5.5, Sample 1-P is produced. Herein, innovatively liquid nitrogen treatment is carried out during the chemical precipitation to produce Sample 2-P. Lastly, these precipitates (Samples 1-P, 2-P) are calcinated in the air to form mixed transition metal oxide powders: Samples 1 and 2, respectively. Structural, chemical, and morphological characterizations are carried out to examine the effect of liquid nitrogen treatment on the powders’ properties. To discuss the effect of nitrogen treatment on the electrochemical performances of the anode active materials (Sample 1 and Sample 2), galvanostatic tests are realized. The results show that Sample 2 demonstrates a higher 1st discharge capacity (1352 mAh/g) and retains 62% of its performance after 200 cycles when 50 mA/g current load is applied. Moreover, this electrode delivers around 500 mAh/g at 1 A/g current load. The remarkable cycle performance of Sample 2 is believed to be related to the superior chemical, structural, and physical properties of the electrode active material.

Graphical Abstract

Abstract Image

利用无机生活垃圾制造锂离子电池用纳米工程混合过渡金属氧化物阳极的低温辅助氮气处理技术
基于在化学沉淀过程中实施液氮处理,提出了一种制造纳米工程混合过渡金属氧化物阳极活性材料的新方法,这在公开文献中尚属首次。沉淀过程中的这种干扰被认为会改变晶核的表面能,从而导致生长过程中的分化。为了以环保的方法来验证这一假设,我们使用了厨房中的废弃物--刮板垫作为起始材料,而不是使用初级优质金属盐的混合物。因此,在本研究中,首先要进行优化,以 100%的效率沥滤擦洗垫。然后,在 pH 值为 5.5 的条件下,对沥滤液进行传统的化学沉淀,得到 1-P 样品。在此,创新性地在化学沉淀过程中进行液氮处理,生产出样品 2-P。最后,将这些沉淀物(样品 1-P、2-P)在空气中煅烧,形成混合过渡金属氧化物粉末:分别为样品 1 和样品 2。为了研究液氮处理对粉末特性的影响,我们进行了结构、化学和形态表征。为了讨论氮处理对阳极活性材料(样品 1 和样品 2)电化学性能的影响,还进行了电静电测试。结果表明,样品 2 显示出更高的首次放电容量(1352 mAh/g),并且在施加 50 mA/g 电流负载的 200 次循环后仍能保持 62% 的性能。此外,该电极在 1 A/g 电流负载下可提供约 500 mAh/g。样品 2 的出色循环性能被认为与电极活性材料卓越的化学、结构和物理特性有关。
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来源期刊
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy
Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy Materials Science-Metals and Alloys
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
12.50%
发文量
151
期刊介绍: Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy is dedicated to presenting metallurgical processes and related research aimed at improving the sustainability of metal-producing industries, with a particular emphasis on materials recovery, reuse, and recycling. Its editorial scope encompasses new techniques, as well as optimization of existing processes, including utilization, treatment, and management of metallurgically generated residues. Articles on non-technical barriers and drivers that can affect sustainability will also be considered.
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