{"title":"A probabilistic, multivariate approach for object recognition in thermal infra-red images","authors":"David Spulak, Richard Otrebski, W. Kubinger","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297572","url":null,"abstract":"For any task that autonomous vehicles may encounter in unstructured outdoor environments a reliable vision system is a key point for success. That is especially true with an autonomous convoy, where each vehicle has to track and follow the one in front. When applying a multivariate based approach for object detection, dimensional reduction of processed data is a vital part of any algorithm. Based on probabilistic classification into two classes (positive and negative) three different approaches for dimensional reduction are examined in this paper: The first method transforms new images in two reduced principal component analysis (PCA) spaces, derived from negative and positive training images respectively. The second approach calculates a mutual PCA space from all training images and the third strategy uses linear discriminant analysis (LDA) for data reduction. In these reduced spaces image classification is done with the Gaussian classifier. Through experiments it is shown that classification in the mutual PCA and the LDA space result in fewer errors and a more reliable class assignment. Furthermore, the use of LDA is more robust if confronted with incomplete training data. Finally it is shown that a confidence approximation using Gaussian processes can, if trained, identify positive and negative images and evaluates untrained images with the appropriate uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129457228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Y. Al Hammadi, Omar Altrad, S. Muhaidat, M. Al-Qutayri, S. Al-Araji
{"title":"Centralized cooperative spectrum sensing with multiple antennas over imperfect feedback channels","authors":"Ahmed Y. Al Hammadi, Omar Altrad, S. Muhaidat, M. Al-Qutayri, S. Al-Araji","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297605","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we study the performance of a cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme over imperfect feedback channels, where N secondary users (SUs) collaborate in order to enhance the detection probability of a primary user (PU). The sensing process is divided into two phases: In the first phase each SU, which is equipped with multiple antennas, independently detect the PU signal. In the second phase, the SUs' local decisions are sent via erroneous and orthogonal feedback channels to a fusion center (FC), where a final decision is made. We utilize Bayesian criterion which accounts for the costs of misdetection and false alarm. Quasi-Newton method is employed to obtain the optimal number of antennas for a given SNR and vice versa. Our simulation results concur the mathematical derivations and validate the optimality of quasi-Newton method. We further show that the derived optimal fusion rule outperforms the OR rule, AND rule and MAJORITY rule.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127228720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Miniaturized directivity-adjustable antennas for enhanced vehicular wireless communications and EMC-optimized automotive electronics","authors":"N. Kantartzis, T. Yioultsis, T. Kosmanis","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297584","url":null,"abstract":"A family of compact-size wideband antennas with controllable traits and directivity is introduced in this paper for efficient wireless communications in the automotive regime. The proposed radiators are optimized in terms of unhindered EMC function, even when other vehicle electronic systems are involved. Moreover, to attain reliable designs, a generalized explicit method of scalable accuracy is developed. The featured technique combines a finite-volume time-domain and a pseudo-spectral time-domain approach which divide the domain into manageable regions. This concept leads to very accurate and economical discrete models, free of lattice artifacts. Results, compared with reference or measurement data, reveal the benefits of the miniaturized antennas and substantiate their potential applicability.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130703309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An integrated approach for simulating EVs in transport and electric power networks","authors":"C. Marmaras, E. Xydas, L. Cipcigan, O. Rana","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297539","url":null,"abstract":"Electric Vehicle market penetration is expected to increase in the next years. Transport electrification will affect both the road transport and the electric power network. The Electric Vehicle (EV) is the link between these two systems, and their interdependencies are important. The main aim of the paper is to present a system that simulates Electric Vehicles in both networks. Algorithms were developed, for the routing and charging procedures of the EV respectively. By modeling each system's main components in a Multi-Agent simulation platform, the interactions were studied to understand their interdependencies.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132201116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Safety management on hazardous material transportation","authors":"Wenjie Chen, Guanhua Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297672","url":null,"abstract":"The safety management of hazardous material transportation is important for the people's life, the environment and the economy. Currently, trajectory monitoring systems are set up to manage the hazard material transportation in China. However, the coordination among different departments of government on accident prevention, handling and investigation is still in low efficiency due to lack of means. This paper proposes a centralized monitoring and safety management system for all the users, including the transportation enterprise and every related government departments and service organizations. Based on the Internet-of-Things technologies, this system uses various methods to monitor the status of the person, the vehicle, the goods and the roads, so as to detect every sign before an accident try to avoid it. To elevate the efficiency of accident handling, this system coordinates every relevant department of the government to be alerted at the first time and react immediately according to the prepared emergency plan with full information of the site. This system also collects sufficient information for accident investigation. This system can improve the efficiency on accident prevention, handling and investigation.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130948518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variability analysis of in-car gesture interaction","authors":"Pablo Sauras-Perez, J. Taiber, John Smith","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297657","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present an analysis of the variability of contactless gestures performed to control secondary functions in a car. In particular, those used to control the music player. We set up a Wizard-of-Oz experiment in a driving simulator where participants performed the gestures they think they would use to control the functions of the music player. The results of the experiment show a high level of variability in the gestures performed by different drivers for the same function. This could lead to driver distraction as well as user acceptance issues if a gesture vocabulary is `enforced' in order to use these systems. Thus, vehicle manufacturers should provide solutions to overcome these issues, such as gesture customization.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127967558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-organization of traffic lights for minimizing vehicle delay","authors":"S. Goel, S. Bush, Krishnaraj Ravindranathan","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297692","url":null,"abstract":"Problems of delay and resultant driver frustration continue to get worse as congestion increases in large cities. The delays can be minimized by optimization of traffic signals. Traffic signal optimization is a complex problem making improvements difficult. Recent advances in sensors and communication have enabled the use of novel algorithms for improving traffic signal efficiency. This paper investigates the use of a distributed traffic signal control algorithm based on the concepts self-organization. The algorithm is benchmarked against traditional traffic signal algorithms. The self-organization based algorithms perform significantly better compared to the existing algorithms. A simulation model was created based on an abstraction of city road with multiple intersections using data on actual traffic counts. The results are presented in this paper along with the details of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128999865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inter-vehicle communication, license plate verification, and distance estimation for the construction of driving surroundings","authors":"Ching-Chun Huang, H. T. Vu, T. Tang","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297631","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we proposed a crowd-sensing idea to construct the driving environment so that the driver could have better understanding of his/her surroundings on the roadway. We assume that intelligent vehicles will embed a sensing system, which is composed of three basic modules including inter-vehicle communication, vehicle license plate verification, and distance estimation. Through the help of inter-vehicle communication, a vehicle can receive a set of IDs from its nearby vehicles. Those received IDs, with the license plate numbers of the nearby vehicles, could further improve the license plate verification function in an uncontrolled environment. Moreover, we proposed a regression method, which models the relationship between the image coordinate and the geometric distance, to estimate the front vehicle distance. Finally, by fusing the vehicle verification and distance information from nearby vehicles, the system would provide a global view to tell the driver the information of those vehicles around him and their distances. Comparing with the existing advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), this system would support a wider view of the driving environment, and provide a more comfortable and safer driving experience. To fulfill the sensing system, a license plate verification method with the help from inter-vehicle communication and a regression method for distance estimation are detailed in this paper. Based on the results, our system could verify the license plate with a high accuracy rate and provide robust distance estimation.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126623094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yamen Y. Nasrallah, I. Al-Anbagi, Hussein T. Mouftah
{"title":"A realistic analytical model of IEEE 802.11p for Wireless Access in Vehicular Networks","authors":"Yamen Y. Nasrallah, I. Al-Anbagi, Hussein T. Mouftah","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297503","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE 802.11p is an emerging wireless protocol dedicated for Wireless Access in the Vehicular Environment (WAVE). It employs the Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) mechanism to access the channel. Its objective is to provide differentiated services to vehicular networks which are delay-sensitive and requires high communication throughput. In this paper, we carry out comprehensive performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11p standard. We propose a Markov chain-based analytical model that depicts accurate representation of the IEEE 802.11p MAC sub-layer. We take into account the internal collision probability that occur among different Access Categories (ACs) in the same vehicle. We also consider an unsaturated traffic condition and include the probability of finding the medium busy when sensed during the backoff period. We study the performance of the system in terms of average throughput and average time delay.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126304893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Duong, H. A. Bastawrous, K. Lim, K. See, P. Zhang, S. Dou
{"title":"SOC estimation for LiFePO4 battery in EVs using recursive least-squares with multiple adaptive forgetting factors","authors":"V. Duong, H. A. Bastawrous, K. Lim, K. See, P. Zhang, S. Dou","doi":"10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2014.7297603","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel technique which is simple yet effective in estimating electric model parameters and state-of-charge (SOC) of the LiFePO4 battery. Unlike the well-known recursive least-squares-based algorithms with single constant forgetting factor, this technique employs multiple adaptive forgetting factors to provide the capability to capture the different dynamics of model parameters. The validity of the proposed method is verified through experiments using actual driving cycles.","PeriodicalId":171304,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE)","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120913681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}