Robert Solsona, Frederic Sabater Pastor, Tom Normand-Gravier, Fabio Borrani, Anthony Mj Sanchez
{"title":"Sprint training in hypoxia and with blood flow restriction: Controversies and perspectives.","authors":"Robert Solsona, Frederic Sabater Pastor, Tom Normand-Gravier, Fabio Borrani, Anthony Mj Sanchez","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2416839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2416839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This narrative review assesses the effects of repeated sprint training (RST) in hypoxia (RSH) and blood flow restriction (BFR) methods on skeletal muscle adaptations and performance. Current literature suggests that RSH promotes metabolic modifications in muscle cells, especially driven by reactive oxygen species production, HIF-1α stabilization, and changes in metabolism. Training with BFR promotes metabolite accumulation in working muscles due to limited blood flow, however, cellular mechanisms affected by BFR during RST are less explored. Data highlight that RSH improves repeated sprint ability (RSA) in several sport disciplines (e.g. rugby, tennis, soccer, cross-country skiing). However, recent studies showed that addition of hypoxia or BFR during RST did not promote supplementary benefits on aerobic performance, force-velocity power profile, and <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mrow></msub></mrow><mi>max</mi></math>. Nonetheless, gains in <math><mrow><mover><mi>V</mi><mo>˙</mo></mover></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow></mrow><mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mrow></msub></mrow></math>max were observed during sprint interval training protocols when BFR was applied during recovery between sets. Finally, recent studies highlighted that RSH can improve RSA in a short period. Thus, RSH and sprint training with BFR may be useful for sports disciplines requiring high glycolytic demand and can promote gains in RSA in a short window. Further studies must be encouraged to better understand the biological consequences of adding such stimuli to exercise, especially BFR, on long-term adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira, Luís Filipe Lemos, Isaac Estevan, Elisabeth Kipling Webster, Cain Truman Clark, Michael Joseph Duncan, Jorge Augusto Mota, Clarice Lucena Martins
{"title":"Are we assessing motor competence? Evidence-informed constructs for motor competence in preschoolers through an Exploratory Graph Analysis.","authors":"Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira, Luís Filipe Lemos, Isaac Estevan, Elisabeth Kipling Webster, Cain Truman Clark, Michael Joseph Duncan, Jorge Augusto Mota, Clarice Lucena Martins","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2414361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2414361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Motor competence (MC) is conceptually defined as a multidimensional latent construct that covers the proficient performance in motor skills and its underlying mechanisms This study aimed to statistically provide arguments that MC is a network of interconnected constructs, such as FMS, coordination, and its underlying mechanisms, which are responsible for preschoolers' proficiency in motor tasks. Participated 102 preschoolers (65 girls, <i>M</i> age = 4.22 ± 0.19) who were assessed for the Test of Gross Motor Development - 2<sup>nd</sup> edition, the Motor Competence Assessment, and the Supine-to-Stand. Data were explored using Exploratory Graph Analysis, using the EGAnet package in RStudio. A four-dimensional structure (61.2% of interactions) comprising tasks of the different protocols was underlined, in which all the nodes presented stable and adequate indexes (≥0.65; TEFI = -2.67). Four dimensions of MC were highlighted, namely Dimension 1, which combined movements for locomotor patterns; Dimension 2, comprising three process-oriented measures of object control skills to project objects; Dimension 3, which comprised of skills which require body coordination to displace body through space; and Dimension 4, composed by object control skills evaluated through product-oriented measures. For a better understanding of MC, the assessment of these different aspects that comprises MC should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"It's never simple! People, power and relationships in the United Kingdom Olympic sport policy system. A commentary.","authors":"Lucy Moore, Ben Oakley, Alex Twitchen","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2411133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2411133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drawing on insights from the United Kingdom [UK], this commentary highlights the complexity of the Olympic sport policy process and proposes a novel conceptual approach that situates people at the forefront of the analysis. Informed by process sociology, the approach demonstrates the importance of understanding complexity as the consequence of interdependent relationships that bind people together. Extracts from interviews undertaken with nine senior National Governing Body employees, who are responsible for implementing Olympic sport policy, are drawn on to inform and illuminate the proposed approach. Their extracts showcase that conversations and dialogue, often undertaken in the context of meetings, are central to the policy process. Managing emotions, navigating opacity, deep personal involvement and associated personal wellbeing impacts are all features of the Olympic sport policy process not readily accounted for in the extant literature or practice. The process, increasingly games like, never wholly represents the actions of any one group or individual as they navigate choices constrained by the interlacing of many relationships over time. We therefore conclude that it may be conceptually better to now describe the organisation of Olympic sport in the UK as a figuration of people rather than as a \"system\".</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A reflection on systems thinking as a research tool in sport and exercise science.","authors":"Barry Drust","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2391184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2024.2391184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mickael Chollet, Frédérique Hintzy, Matt R Cross, Clément Delhaye, Baptiste Morel, Florian Monjo, Pierre Samozino
{"title":"Fatigue-induced alterations in force production, trajectory and performance in alpine skiing.","authors":"Mickael Chollet, Frédérique Hintzy, Matt R Cross, Clément Delhaye, Baptiste Morel, Florian Monjo, Pierre Samozino","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2414362","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2414362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In giant slalom, the ability to apply a high amount of force in the radial direction is essential for performance. A race is characterized by repeated turns performed at high velocity, potentially inducing fatigue. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of fatigue on performance, trajectory characteristics, and force production capacities onto the snow. Twelve skiers ran a 4-turn section with (FATIGUE) and without pre-induced fatigue (CONTROL). Knee extensor maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was performed before the experiment and after both conditions. Section time, energy dissipation, path length, total force output, force application effectiveness, and EMG activity of the main lower-limb muscles were compared between conditions. Multiple linear regressions were used to understand whether interindividual variability in the kinematic, kinetic and EMG between conditions explains variability in performance changes with fatigue. MVC was lower after FATIGUE (-19.1 ± 6.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) but did not change after CONTROL. FATIGUE was associated with longer section times (+0.21 ± 0.11 s, <i>p</i> < 0.001), energy dissipation (-0.78 ± 1.05 J.s.kg.m<sup>-1</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.026), path length (+1.1 ± 1.6 m, <i>p</i> = 0.033) and lower force application effectiveness (-0.1 ± 0.1, <i>p</i> = 0.017). This study experimentally demonstrates that fatigue in giant slalom results in lower force application effectiveness, inducing over-dissipation of mechanical energy and longer path length, leading to lower performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1904-1915"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominik Raabe, Henrik Biermann, Manuel Bassek, Daniel Memmert, Robert Rein
{"title":"The dual problem of space: Relative player positioning determines attacking success in elite men's football.","authors":"Dominik Raabe, Henrik Biermann, Manuel Bassek, Daniel Memmert, Robert Rein","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2414363","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2414363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of space has been successfully modelled in football using spatiotemporal player data and Voronoi diagrams. Current approaches, however, are narrow in scope by focusing on an inter-team allocation of space to measure space <i>control</i>. The present work extends this widespread perspective with an intra-team application of the Voronoi diagram and its dual Delaunay triangulation to measure space <i>management</i>. Both models are leveraged to derive novel performance metrics, which assess how teams use triangular positioning and how players tie up defenders during attacks. The outcome of <i>N</i> = 128,187 attacking sequences from 306 elite men's football matches is analysed using linear mixed-effects models to validate the proposed performance metrics. Results show that attacking success is characterized by player positioning which promotes forming of large triangles especially in ball proximity, whereas the overall number of triangles is of no relevance. Furthermore, players tie up more defenders and thus create free teammates more often during successful attacks. The results demonstrate that a new perspective on space is helpful to better quantify and understand the effect of space management and player positioning on attacking performance in football.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1821-1830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clément Delhaye, Pablo Rozier-Delgado, Mylène Vonderscher, Hervé Di Domenico, Maximilien Bowen, Guillaume Millet, Jean-Benoit Morin, Pierre Samozino, Baptiste Morel
{"title":"Submaximal force-velocity relationships during mountain ultramarathon: Data from the field.","authors":"Clément Delhaye, Pablo Rozier-Delgado, Mylène Vonderscher, Hervé Di Domenico, Maximilien Bowen, Guillaume Millet, Jean-Benoit Morin, Pierre Samozino, Baptiste Morel","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2413715","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2413715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a novel method for evaluating the submaximal velocity-force (V(F)) relationship in mountain ultramarathon races using crowdsourced data from Strava.com. The dataset includes positional data from 408 participants of the 171-km UTMB® 2023 race (9,850-m D+). The race was divided into 100-m segments. The mean net propulsive force and velocity were computed for each segment to describe the submaximal V(F) relationship as a rational function of three parameters. F<sub>1</sub>: propulsive force at 1 m · s<sup>-1</sup>; V<sub>0</sub>: theoretical maximum velocity on flat terrain; C: curvature parameter (the lower C, the more linear the V(F) relationship). The V(F) profile parameters were found to be F<sub>1</sub> = 1.80 ± 0.33 N · kg<sup>-1</sup>, V<sub>0</sub> = 2.36 ± 0.42 m · s<sup>-1</sup>, and C = 0.66 ± 1.81, with good independence between the parameters within a group of homogeneous performance. The best athletes had the highest F<sub>1</sub>, V<sub>0</sub>, and C values. V(F) parameters were affected by fatigue during the race, with decreases of 20.9%, 32.0%, and 59.8% between the first and second parts of the race respectively. These findings suggest that the V(F) relationship is an interesting original approach for studying performance and fatigability during mountain ultra-endurance races.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1881-1890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sènadé Inès Noukpo, Oyéné Kossi, Elogni Renaud Amanzonwé, Karin Coninx, Annemie Spooren, Bruno Bonnechère, Thierry Adoukonou, Peter Feys
{"title":"Feasibility of a 10-week community-based mobile health rehabilitation program using the WalkWithMe application in late sub-acute and chronic stroke survivors in a low resource setting: A pilot study.","authors":"Sènadé Inès Noukpo, Oyéné Kossi, Elogni Renaud Amanzonwé, Karin Coninx, Annemie Spooren, Bruno Bonnechère, Thierry Adoukonou, Peter Feys","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2419221","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2419221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p> Physical functioning can be increased in people with stroke by using a mobile health application. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a 10-week community-based program using the WalkWithMe (WWM) application in people with late sub-acute and chronic stroke in Benin. An interventional pilot study with mixed methods research design was used examining the application of an unsupervised individualized mobile Health (mHealth) instructed training program. Main outcome included the application usage, safety, adherence, perceived enjoyment, mHealth quality, patient experiences and pre-post efficacy measures. Nine adults, five males, median age of 60 years and time since stroke of 12 months participated in this study. For most participants adherence with the application was over 70%. However, some usability problems were observed due to incorrect understanding and use by participants and technical problems. The application was very fun, stimulating and enjoyable. Significant improvements were found with median (pre/post measures) of locomotors skill (1.4/3.4); impairments (38/40), Barthel Index (85/95), activity limitation (2.1/3.1), and quality of life (194/218). A trend towards significant improvement was found with 6 minutes walking test (181/220, p = 0.06). The WWM application is perceived as a potential approach to increase physical activity and functioning among people with stroke in Benin.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1939-1950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Micah C Garcia, Marina C Waiteman, Jeffery A Taylor-Haas, David M Bazett-Jones
{"title":"Hip strength does not correlate with hip and knee biomechanics during single-leg tasks: A systematic review with meta-analysis and evidence gap map.","authors":"Micah C Garcia, Marina C Waiteman, Jeffery A Taylor-Haas, David M Bazett-Jones","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2415219","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2415219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We systematically reviewed and synthesized the evidence for the relationship between hip strength and hip and knee biomechanics during single-leg tasks in uninjured and injured populations. We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, SportDiscus, and Web of Science from inception to July 2024. We included cross-sectional studies with uninjured and/or injured participants that reported correlations between hip strength and hip or knee kinematics during a single-leg task. We identified 41 articles that reported the correlations between hip strength and hip or knee kinematics during a single-leg task for uninjured (<i>n</i> = 33) and/or injured (<i>n</i> = 12) populations. We identified moderate-to-strong evidence for no-to-poor relationships between most hip strength and hip and knee kinematics during a single-leg task for uninjured (r = -0.33-0.45) and injured populations (r = -0.24-0.24). We observed limited-to-moderate evidence for fair-to-moderate negative relationships between concentric and eccentric hip abduction strength and hip adduction (r = -0.52) and knee abduction kinematics (r = -0.45-0.59) for uninjured populations. Isometric hip strength may not play as important of a role in controlling lower extremity motion during single-leg tasks as previously perceived, but isokinetic strength may be a better indicator of lower extremity motion during single-leg tasks.Trial Registration:PROSPERO#CRD42020153166.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1831-1846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142468474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Brand, Natalia Zurita-Corvalán, Vanilson Batista Lemes, Emilio Villa-González, Nicolas Aguilar-Farías, Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez
{"title":"Reliability, reproducibility, and feasibility of youth activity profile (YAP) questionnaire in Chilean children and adolescents.","authors":"Caroline Brand, Natalia Zurita-Corvalán, Vanilson Batista Lemes, Emilio Villa-González, Nicolas Aguilar-Farías, Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2419278","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2024.2419278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the reliability, reproducibility, and feasibility of the Youth Activity Profile Questionnaire (YAP-SL) in the Chilean version (YAP-C) in a sample of children and adolescents. This cross-sectional study included 160 youth, 59 children (5-11 years old), and 101 adolescents (12-17 years old) from the city of Viña del Mar (Chile). The YAP-SL is a 15-item self-report instrument which was administered twice at an interval of 7 days apart. This questionnaire was designed to capture physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour in youths in the last week, categorizing them into three domains: PA at school, PA out-of-school, and sedentary habits. Cronbach's α coefficients were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency (reliability), and the reproducibility was determined by test-retest and Kendall's tau b coefficients. Concerning the total YAP-C score, results indicated moderate-to-high reliability in the total sample (0.71), boys (0.76) and girls (0.66), as well as for children (0.73) and adolescents (0.70). The results also revealed variations in reliability and reproducibility across the three domains. In conclusion, the YAP-SL questionnaire presents moderate-to-high reliability in Chilean children and adolescents. However, the reliability and consistency of the YAP varied across the domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1959-1966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}