Tulasiram Bommasamudram, Zoe G Morrell, Matthew J Clarkson, Kirtana Raghurama Nayak, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Aaron P Russell, Stuart A Warmington
{"title":"Chronic adaptations to blood flow restriction aerobic or bodyweight resistance training: A systematic review.","authors":"Tulasiram Bommasamudram, Zoe G Morrell, Matthew J Clarkson, Kirtana Raghurama Nayak, Rajagopal Kadavigere, Aaron P Russell, Stuart A Warmington","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2474346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2025.2474346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review aimed to examine the chronic adaptations of blood flow restriction (BFR) in conjunction with aerobic and bodyweight resistance training. A search of the electronic databases PubMed (MEDLINE), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus® (via EBSCOhost), Embase, and Cochrane (Central) was conducted to identify relevant published studies. The inclusion criteria encompassed a healthy adult sample population (>18 years), original studies, chronic exercise training interventions (minimum 2 weeks duration) employing aerobic BFR exercise or bodyweight resistance BFR exercise, and comparisons with equivalent intensity non-BFR aerobic or bodyweight resistance training. Thirty-three (<i>n</i> = 33) studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Among the included studies, chronic adaptations to BFR aerobic training were characterized by significant improvements in aerobic capacity (4-9%), muscle strength (6-31%), and muscle hypertrophy (2-11%) compared to non-BFR aerobic training. Furthermore, bodyweight resistance BFR training increased muscle hypertrophy (3-5%) and strength (4-11%). The findings suggest that both aerobic and bodyweight BFR training provide interchangeable options for practitioners prescribing BFR without access to a traditional equipment filled training environment, supporting flexibility in exercise programme design tailored to individual preferences, facility constraints, and specific fitness goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A prospective randomised controlled trial investigating the impact of a musculoskeletal injury prevention warm-up program for youth badminton: A preliminary study.","authors":"Michael Phomsoupha, Anne Tran, Henri Guermont","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2461931","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2461931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There are warm-up programs designed to reduce injuries for various sports; however, no study has been conducted on the development of a protocol for preventing injuries in badminton. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a prevention warm-up program (PreventiBad) in reducing injury rates among youth badminton players. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted, involving 273 youth badminton players (13.81 ± 2.76 years). The intervention group incorporated the program as part of their warm-up during training sessions, while the control group adhered to their usual warm-up. The participants were monitored over an 8 weeks period, with primary outcome measures including the incidence of overall injuries, typology and severity. The rate of adherence to the intervention program was assessed as a secondary outcome. A total of 14 injuries were reported among 147 players in the control group in 3440.50 h of exposure (4.07 injuries/1000 h), and a total of 6 injuries were reported across 126 players within the intervention group in 4865.00 exposure hours (1.23 injuries/1000 h). The Injury Risk Ratio was 0.30 (95%CI 0.12 to 0.75). Results indicated that the use of PreventiBad in the intervention group led to a 70% reduction compared to the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"440-447"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan J Evans, Harry S Battersby, Leah E Williams, Derek N Pamukoff
{"title":"The influence of high-intensity interval running bouts on distal anterior femoral cartilage in competitive distance and middle-distance runners.","authors":"Ryan J Evans, Harry S Battersby, Leah E Williams, Derek N Pamukoff","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2465943","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2465943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competitive runners compared with recreational runners have increased odds of osteoarthritis and running-related injury, potentially from different running types. We compared distal anterior femoral cartilage deformation in competitive runners following a continuous and high-intensity interval run (10 × 400 m, 300 m jog) and evaluated the association between running kinetics and cartilage deformation. Twenty-four competitive runners (11 females and 13 males), between 18 and 35 years old underwent femoral cartilage ultrasound imaging before and after both running conditions in a counterbalanced order 2-7 days apart. Footwear was instrumented with force-sensing insoles to extract peak ground reaction force, loading rate, and impulse. A 2 (time) by 2 (condition) ANOVA with repeated measures evaluated the change in cartilage thickness after running between conditions. The lateral cartilage region showed greater deformation after interval compared with continuous running (<i>p</i> = 0.003). A main effect of time was seen where cartilage was thinner after running compared with baseline regardless of condition (1.92 (1.82, 2.02) vs. 1.83 (1.73, 1.93) mm; mean difference = -0.094 (-0.147, -0.042) mm, <i>p</i> = 0.001). No significant associations were found between cartilage deformation and loading rate, peak ground reaction force, or impulse (all <i>r</i> < 0.32, all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Interval running contributed to greater lateral distal anterior femoral cartilage deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"499-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced physical performance, attention, and mood states after a nap opportunity following a sleep restriction night in female athletes: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Sahar BenSalem, Atef Salem, Omar Boukhris, Achraf Ammar, Nizar Souissi, Jorden M Glenn, Haithem Jahrami, Khaled Trabelsi, Hamdi Chtourou","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2464440","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2464440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the effects of two nap durations (40 minutes (N40) and 90 minutes (N90)) on physical performance, sleepiness, attention, mood states (Profile of Mood States, POMS), perceived exertion (RPE), pain perception (PP), recovery (PRS), and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in well-trained women. Fourteen female boxers underwent the digit cancellation test, POMS, and the 5-meter shuttle run test (5mSRT) under no-nap (N0), N40, and N90 conditions after either normal sleep (NSN) or sleep restriction (SRN). RPE and PP were assessed immediately post-5mSRT, while PRS and DOMS were recorded at 5 min and 24 h post-5mSRT. Total distance (TD) and higher distance (HD) were better in N40 and N90 after NSN compared to SRN (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fatigue index (FI) was lower in N40 and N90 than in N0, and lower in N90 than N40 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). PRS improved and RPE, DOMS, and PP decreased significantly after N40 and N90 compared to N0, with N90 showing greater benefits (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Total POMS scores were better after N40 and N90 than N0, with N90 outperforming N40 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Overall, N90 provided greater benefits than N40 in enhancing physical performance, attention, recovery, and mood, while reducing exertion, pain, and soreness after both NSN and SRN.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"477-489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Luis Cosio, Lia Moreno-Simonet, Sandra Mechó, Xavier de Blas Foix, Mario Lloret, Xavier Padulles, Josep Maria Padulles, Andreu Farran-Codina, Gil Rodas, Joan Aureli Cadefau
{"title":"Neuromuscular and biochemical responses of the hamstrings to a <i>Flywheel Russian belt Deadlift</i> in women and men.","authors":"Pedro Luis Cosio, Lia Moreno-Simonet, Sandra Mechó, Xavier de Blas Foix, Mario Lloret, Xavier Padulles, Josep Maria Padulles, Andreu Farran-Codina, Gil Rodas, Joan Aureli Cadefau","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2461939","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2461939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the study was to analyze hamstrings muscle damage and recovery after a novel <i>Flywheel Russian belt Deadlift</i> (FRBD) exercise using neuromuscular tests and associated biochemical markers of structural damage. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque and rate of force development (RFD) over several time-intervals by the <i>90º</i><sub><i>hip</i></sub>:<i>20º</i><sub><i>knee</i></sub> <i>test</i> (standing isometric test for the hamstrings) and range of motion (ROM) <i>Jurdan test</i> (combination of <i>active knee extension test</i> and <i>modified Thomas test</i>), together with serum biomarkers of muscle damage and oxidative stress, were tested at baseline and +24h, +48h and +72h in healthy, untrained and physically active 15 females (age= 21.5±3.4 years) and 15 males (age= 21.4±1.9 years). FRBD-induced muscle damage was observed as a reduction in MVIC torque and RFD at all time-intervals until +72h. Also, hamstrings neuromuscular capacity reductions were associated with serum biomarkers of structural and oxidative damage. However, only males showed ROM changes. Overall, the FRBD triggered a decrease in hamstrings neuromuscular capacities, and an upregulation of biochemical markers of structural and oxidative damage until +72h. The <i>90º</i><sub><i>hip</i></sub>:<i>20º</i><sub><i>knee</i></sub> <i>test</i> provides an adequate reliability to screen hamstrings recovery in both women and men after flywheel training, through MVIC torque and both early and late RFD.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"456-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Dawson, Paul Downward, Vincent Hogan, Patrick Massey
{"title":"Official bias and match results in the United Rugby Championship: Much ado about nothing?","authors":"Peter Dawson, Paul Downward, Vincent Hogan, Patrick Massey","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2464467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2025.2464467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper explores the factors associated with official bias and its association with match outcomes. Data are drawn from 2,032 matches of the international rugby club competition, the 'United Rugby Championship' (URC) spanning the 2003-2004 to 2020-2021 seasons. Analysis including and excluding games whose attendance was affected by the COVID-19 reveals no evidence that disciplinary sanction is associated with match outcomes. Estimates also show that there is no association between the nationality of the on-field official being shared by any of the teams and sanction or match outcome. However, it is identified that having a home nationality Television Match Official (TMO) is associated with an increase in the incidence of away team sanction. The results support the case for neutral TMOs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":"43 5","pages":"490-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Subjective recovery in professional soccer players: A machine learning and mediation approach.","authors":"Carlo Simonelli, Damiano Formenti, Alessio Rossi","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2461932","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2461932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coaches often ask players to judge their recovery status (subjective recovery). We aimed to explore potential determinants of subjective recovery in 101 male professional soccer players of 4 Italian Serie C teams and to further investigate whether the relationship between training load and subjective recovery is mediated by fatigue, sleep quality, muscle soreness, stress and mood. A complete season for each of the four teams was recorded for a total of 16,989 training sessions and matches. Every morning, players rated their perceived fatigue, sleep quality, muscle soreness, stress and mood, and judged their recovery using the Total Quality Recovery (TQR) questionnaire. Training load was obtained after each training session or match. A framework of data analytics of time series was employed to detect the factors associated with subjective recovery. Machine learning and mediation analyses suggest that TQR is primarily associated with ratings of fatigue and muscle soreness at the judgements time, and that these factors mediate most of the relationship between training load of the previous day and subjective recovery. These findings suggest that, to maximize subjective recovery, strategies minimizing fatigue and muscle soreness should be implemented. Reducing the training load of the previous day seems the most effective strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"448-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143256102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annaleise Naylor, Richard Keegan, Kristy Martin, Andrew Flood
{"title":"Associations between physical literacy and physical activity in adults. A cross-sectional study with self-report and device-based physical activity assessments.","authors":"Annaleise Naylor, Richard Keegan, Kristy Martin, Andrew Flood","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2468593","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2468593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Physical literacy has been shown to relate to children's engagement in physical activity. However, it is unclear whether this relationship extends to adults. A two-phase cross-sectional study was conducted to examine whether physical literacy relates to physical activity in adults. In phase one, 225 participants reported their perceived levels of physical literacy using the Physical Literacy in Adults Scale (PLAS) and their physical activity behaviours using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In phase two, 59 participants wore an accelerometer to provide a device-based assessment of physical activity before completing the PLAS. A series of bivariate regressions were conducted to assess the relationship between physical literacy and physical activity. Physical literacy was a significant predictor of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total physical activity. However, scores on the PLAS did not predict light intensity self-reported physical activity. For device-based assessment of physical activity, physical literacy was a significant predictor of MVPA, but did not predict light or total physical activity. These findings indicate that physical literacy relates to physical activity, particularly MVPA. Differences in findings between self-report and device-based assessment warrant further consideration. Future research should continue to assess the role of physical literacy across physical activity types (e.g. leisure time, work related) and intensities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"593-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining the impact of different re-warm-up strategies on non-starter basketball players' physical performance.","authors":"Enrique Flórez-Gil, Nuno Mateus, Jaime Sampaio, Eduardo Abade","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2467564","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2467564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study assessed the effectiveness of re-warm-up strategies in counteracting performance declines in non-starter female basketball players during prolonged inactivity. Fifteen elite youth players (16.7 ± 0.6 years) participated in a crossover study comparing four re-warm-up protocols following a standardized warm-up. Performance was measured immediately after warm-up and 15-min post re-warm-up using the counter-movement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ), and 5-0-5 change of direction test (CODs). Prolonged inactivity (CON) significantly decreased CMJ and DJ height (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and slowed CODs times (<i>p</i> = 0.019). Plyometric re-warm-up (PLY) preserved CMJ, DJ, and CODs performance (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while dynamic stretching (DYN) and passive heat maintenance (TOW) maintained DJ and CODs (<i>p</i> > 0.05) but reduced CMJ (<i>p</i> < 0.001). ANCOVA revealed a significant effect of re-warm-up strategies on CMJ (F = 20.71, <i>p</i> < 0.001, ηp<sup>2</sup> = 0.54), with post hoc tests showing PLY was superior to other protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings emphasize the effectiveness of plyometric strategies in maintaining physical performance during inactivity. Tailored protocols considering individual needs and basketball-specific demands can enhance player readiness and team success.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"536-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nanne-Mari Luukkainen, Arto Laukkanen, Donna Niemistö, Arja Sääkslahti
{"title":"Children's outdoor time and multisport participation predict motor competence three years later.","authors":"Nanne-Mari Luukkainen, Arto Laukkanen, Donna Niemistö, Arja Sääkslahti","doi":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2460892","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02640414.2025.2460892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study longitudinally examined, in a cluster-randomised data sample (<i>n</i> = 627, 3-11 years, 51.0% girls), how participation in organised and non-organised physical activity (PA) in early childhood (T1) predicted motor competence (MC) in middle childhood (T2). Organised sports participation and non-organised PA (outdoor time) were investigated via guardian questionnaire (T1, T2). At T2, children's MC was assessed using two locomotor (LMS) and two object control (OCS) skills from the Test of Gross Motor Development - 3rd edition measurement, for a total of four fundamental movement skills (FMS). The Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder jumping sideways (JS) test was used. A linear regression model demonstrated that children's multisport participation at T1 predicted higher performance in LMS, OCS, FMS, and JS (<i>p</i> < 0.001 to <i>p</i> = 0.003; <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 16.4% to 23.5%) at T2. Outdoor time on weekdays at T1 predicted higher JS (<i>p</i> = 0.009, 8.4%), OCS (<i>p</i> = 0.006, 14.5%) and FMS (<i>p</i> = 0.003, 10.0%) scores for girls. Two-way analysis of variance examined the interaction effects of sports participation and outdoor time on MC, but interactions were not found. These results underline the independent role of organised and non-organised sports participation in motor development from early to middle childhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":17066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sports Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"431-439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143074830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}