P L Heidemann, A C Nilsson, S G Schmidt, E Lattwein, C Allberg, M Blaabjerg, H Gredal
{"title":"Autoantibodies against TRIM46 identified in a dog suffering from suspected meningoencephalomyelitis of unknown origin.","authors":"P L Heidemann, A C Nilsson, S G Schmidt, E Lattwein, C Allberg, M Blaabjerg, H Gredal","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13911","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Ng, N Steffensen, I Battersby, J S Weese, D Timofte, P L Toutain, J L Granick, J Elliott, S Choi, T Sparks, S Tavener, F Allerton
{"title":"Understanding the rationale for metronidazole use in dogs and cats.","authors":"J Ng, N Steffensen, I Battersby, J S Weese, D Timofte, P L Toutain, J L Granick, J Elliott, S Choi, T Sparks, S Tavener, F Allerton","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>It is currently unknown how often antibiotics (including metronidazole) are used for non-antibacterial purposes in dogs and cats. This study looked to characterise the rationale for metronidazole prescription in these species.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study. Veterinarians reported clinical information for dogs and cats treated with metronidazole in the previous year, including the rationale for metronidazole selection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three hundred and thirty-two cases were reported by 138 veterinarians describing metronidazole use in 47 cats and 285 dogs. Metronidazole was most commonly prescribed to treat acute diarrhoea (n = 156, 47%), chronic diarrhoea (n = 79, 24%) or giardiasis (n = 36, 11%). Veterinarians selected metronidazole exclusively for non-antimicrobial targeted therapy in 42% of cases (125/300). Putative anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory properties were cited in 64% of cases (213/332). Educational resources (41/92, 45%), team-based collaboration (29/92, 32%) and specialist consultation (10/92, 11%) were cited as the supportive basis for these prescription choices.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Veterinarians are using metronidazole frequently for non-antimicrobial properties in contradiction to antimicrobial use guidelines. Future stewardship programs should adapt guidance specifically to counter this prescribing behaviour.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of the nutritional adequacy of commercially available diets for pet and farm rabbits compared to pet rabbit nutritional recommendation.","authors":"Z Osório-Santos, V M Suzuki","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the prevalence of nutritional adequacy of commercial rabbit feeds and explore the impact of target species, premium claims and the intended purpose (farm vs. pet) on the nutritional content and adequacy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A systematic search on the Google Shopping platform identified 47 complete rabbit feeds from various brands. The feeds were categorised by purpose (farm or pet) and target species (mono-species or multi-species), and the nutritional guarantees were compared with established recommendations for pet rabbits. Differences between groups were analysed using non-parametric statistical methods, and any inadequacies were quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nutritional inadequacies were identified in 77% of the feeds. Common issues included excessive maximum calcium (57%) and insufficient crude fibre (35%). Multi-species feeds were more likely to contain inadequate levels of protein, fibre and energy compared to mono-species feeds. Farm feeds frequently exceeded calcium limits. Although hay provision is essential for maintaining rabbit welfare, recommendations for hay inclusion were often absent from the feed labels.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study reveals significant nutritional inadequacies in commercial rabbit feeds, particularly in multi-species products. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved feed formulations and regulatory oversight. To avoid potential nutritional deficiencies or excesses and to support optimal rabbit health, veterinarians and pet owners should carefully and critically evaluate feed labels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S di Grado, J Häggström, A R Vestberg, A-L Saraluoma, S Lundgren, S Sandström, P Åhr, B Liby, J Strange, L Wahldén, T Englund, I Ljungvall
{"title":"Respiratory rate and breathing pattern in dogs and cats in intensive care units and the value of camera surveillance.","authors":"S di Grado, J Häggström, A R Vestberg, A-L Saraluoma, S Lundgren, S Sandström, P Åhr, B Liby, J Strange, L Wahldén, T Englund, I Ljungvall","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Information on respiratory rate and breathing pattern of dogs and cats in intensive care units is limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether respiratory rate differed in dogs and cats in the intensive care unit when monitored via camera surveillance (Cam+) compared to traditional cage-side monitoring (Cam-) at various times during the intensive care unit stay, between animals treated for left-sided congestive heart failure, respiratory diseases and other conditions, and if associations existed between respiratory rate and breathing pattern.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Privately owned dogs (n = 41) and cats (n = 60) treated and monitored in the intensive care units of two small animal hospitals were enrolled in this study. The animals' respiratory rate and breathing pattern were observed with Cam- and Cam+ throughout their intensive care unit stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For both species, median respiratory rate throughout the entire intensive care unit stay was lower when measured with Cam+ (dogs: 30/min, cats: 27/min) compared to Cam- (dogs: 34/min, cats: 31/min) and lower closer to discharge, when observed with both Cam+ (dogs: 22/min, cats: 26/min) and Cam- (dogs: 24/min, cats: 27/min), compared to 1 hour after admission (Cam+; dogs: 38/minutes, cats: 31/minutes and Cam-; dogs: 37/minutes, cats: 36/minutes). Animals with left-sided congestive heart failure or respiratory disease had higher respiratory rate than those with other conditions and animals with anormal breathing pattern had higher respiratory rate than those with normal breathing pattern.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Respiratory rates were influenced by monitoring technique, clinical condition, time point and breathing pattern. Camera surveillance of respiratory rate may be valuable for monitoring treatment outcomes in animals admitted to intensive care unit.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E Camba Caride, M Ardiaca García, C Bonvehí Nadeu, A Basurco Pérez, M Capdevila Andrés, A Montesinos Barceló, C Juan-Sallés
{"title":"Treatment with subcutaneous GS-441524 in ferrets affected by ferret systemic coronavirus-associated disease: seven cases (2021-2024).","authors":"E Camba Caride, M Ardiaca García, C Bonvehí Nadeu, A Basurco Pérez, M Capdevila Andrés, A Montesinos Barceló, C Juan-Sallés","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ferret systemic coronavirus-associated disease is usually fatal in ferrets, and no specific treatments have been available to date. This disease shares similarities with feline infectious peritonitis, which has been successfully treated with antivirals in recent years. This report describes the effects of GS-441524 in ferrets with naturally acquired ferret systemic coronavirus-associated disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seven ferrets with ferret systemic coronavirus-associated disease confirmed by immunohistochemistry on biopsy samples were treated with subcutaneous GS-441524. Clinical signs and blood analysis including protein electrophoresis were periodically evaluated. Comorbidities and adverse effects during treatment were also recorded. Post-mortem examination with histopathological evaluation was conducted on the deceased ferrets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical signs included respiratory, gastrointestinal, ocular and neurological disturbances, weight loss, lethargy and organomegaly. Initial hypergammaglobulinaemia and low albumin-to-globulin ratio were present in all ferrets. The dose range was 2 to 15 mg/kg/sc SID, two or three times per week. Total treatment duration ranged from 24 to 103 weeks. The clinical condition of all ferrets rapidly improved with increasing body weight after treatment initiation. Haematocrit, albumin and thrombocyte count normalised during the course of antiviral therapy, and plasmatic gamma globulin concentrations returned to normal in six of the seven ferrets. Survival time from the initiation of therapy ranged from 36 to 175 weeks. Three ferrets died; no pyogranulomatous inflammatory lesions compatible with ferret systemic coronavirus-associated disease were noted, and immunohistochemistry for coronavirus antigens was negative in all three.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>This study suggests injectable GS-441524 could be an effective treatment to improve the clinical status, haematological parameters and survival times of ferrets affected with ferret systemic coronavirus-associated disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weekly biological variation of serum biochemistry analytes and fibroblast growth factor 23 in healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease.","authors":"S Summers, D Szlosek, H T Michael, R Mack","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to determine the biological variation of select serum biochemistry analytes and fibroblast growth factor 23 in both clinically healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eleven healthy cats and seven cats with chronic kidney disease International Renal Interest Society Stages 2 and 3 were included. Sera were collected once a week for 6 weeks and frozen for batch analysis in duplicate. Blood urea nitrogen, total carbon dioxide, creatinine, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, symmetric dimethylarginine, total calcium and fibroblast growth factor 23 were measured. Restricted maximum likelihood estimations were used to determine the coefficients of variation, and the inverse indices of individuality and reference change values were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No analytes had low individuality. Biochemistry analytes had either intermediate or high individuality in healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease. Fibroblast growth factor 23 had high individuality in healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease. The reference change values for analytes was overall similar between healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease, including the reference change values for creatinine (19.8% and 18.4%, respectively), symmetric dimethylarginine (35.2% and 35.5%, respectively) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (60.0% and 75.5%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Biological variation estimates for each analyte were similar between healthy cats and those with chronic kidney disease. All analytes had intermediate to high individuality in cats with chronic kidney disease; thus, determining a cat's baseline and applying the reference change values to subsequent measurements may enhance the detection of clinically relevant changes that could be missed when using population-based reference intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The long-term outcome and changes in tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient in dogs diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension and Angiostrongylus vasorum infestation.","authors":"R Turner, D Connolly, D Brodbelt, S Cortellini","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Angiostrongylus vasorum (AV) is a metastrongylid parasite that has been associated with pulmonary hypertension (PH) in dogs. The objectives of the study were to describe the clinical presentation of dogs with AV and PH, document changes in tricuspid regurgitation maximum pressure gradient (TR Max PG) in subsequent months and years, record the survival to discharge and report the long-term survival of these dogs and factors associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from client-owned dogs presenting to a teaching hospital between January 2007 and October 2023 with AV and PH were reviewed retrospectively. Signalment, presenting signs and echocardiographic reports were collected, and their survival to discharge noted. Date of death and loss of follow-up were recorded. Univariable analysis was used to assess the association of different factors on long-term survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-eight cases were identified with concurrent PH and AV, commonly presented in respiratory distress. Tricuspid regurgitation, as measured by TR Max PG on echocardiography, resolved in 9 of 28 (32.1%) cases. Survival to discharge was favourable at 92.9% (26/28). The median duration of follow-up was 196 days. Survival time was documented, with 6 of 11 (54.5%) known dogs still alive at 2 years post discharge. Treatment with sildenafil (Viagra; Pfizer) was associated with longer survival time and increased age was associated with a shorter survival time. The presence of right-sided congestive heart failure was not associated with a shorter survival time.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Dogs with AV infestation and PH can live for prolonged periods (>2 years).</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the outcomes of advanced airway management in intubated patients with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome: 52 cases (2010-2020).","authors":"L A Cook, T C Hallowell, J A Sun","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify prognosis, complication incidence and risk factors associated with the management of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome necessitating immediate intubation on presentation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Data from 52 medical records at a private referral practice were retrospectively analysed. Univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis was used to identify associations between response variables (set as pneumonia, regurgitation, tracheostomy placement, days in hospital and survival to discharge) and various independent factors when able. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Survival to discharge was 71% (37/52) and younger age was associated with survival to discharge. Complications were reported in 48% of cases. Increased length of time intubated was associated with increased risk of pneumonia. French Bulldogs developed regurgitation more frequently than other brachycephalic breeds. Emergency surgery was associated with the need for a temporary tracheostomy tube and development of pneumonia. The odds of having a temporary tracheostomy tube placed were 50% greater when surgery was performed during hospitalisation for a crisis.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Emergency airway surgery is associated with increased complications (regurgitation, tracheostomy tube, pneumonia/pneumonitis, time in hospital) when a patient presents in acute brachycephalic obstructive airway crisis. Advanced airway management to allow for stabilisation of patients and reduction of oedema to occur may be warranted in the acute crisis period.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Outcome of marsupialisation for the management of isolated sublingual sialocoeles in dogs: nine cases (2009-2023).","authors":"D J L Payne, E Pappa, R Burrow","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.13908","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The widespread consensus for the management of isolated sublingual sialocoeles (ranulas) is to perform mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy, despite limited evidence to support this recommendation over ranula marsupialisation alone.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe the outcomes and complications associated with marsupialisation alone for the management of isolated ranulas in dogs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Retrospective case series. Electronic records of five veterinary referral hospitals and one peripatetic ECVS diplomate were searched between January 2009 and May 2023 for dogs that underwent partial resection and marsupialisation alone for management of isolated ranulas performed by, or under the supervision of, a specialist veterinary surgeon. Data collected included signalment, presenting clinical signs, diagnostic investigations, surgery report, intra- and postoperative complications and outcome via referral institution records or telephone questionnaire to the referring veterinary practice or owner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine dogs were included in the study. No intra-operative complications were reported, vomiting was reported in one dog within 14 days postoperatively. Median duration of hospitalisation was 0 days (range 0 to 2). Recurrence was reported in three of nine dogs (33.3%) with sufficient follow up reported at a median of 20 days (range 14 to 59) postoperatively. Two of these cases subsequently resolved following ipsilateral mandibular and sublingual sialoadenectomy, and one spontaneously resolved without further intervention.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>Ranula partial resection and marsupialisation alone for the management of isolated ranulas is a simple procedure associated with low complications and frequent clinical resolution. Additionally, it does not preclude future sialoadenectomy, if required, and should be considered a first-line option for isolated ranulas.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144528517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Valeri, N. Nisini, G. Angeli, E. Lepri, M. Brescia, D. Caivano
{"title":"Multimodal imaging of migrating gallbladder mucocele in a Chihuahua","authors":"F. Valeri, N. Nisini, G. Angeli, E. Lepri, M. Brescia, D. Caivano","doi":"10.1111/jsap.13886","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jsap.13886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A 12-year-old 3.7-kg intact female Chihuahua was evaluated because of a 2-day history of abdominal pain and inappetence. The dog showed depression and abdominal pain. Haematological and serum biochemical analyses revealed neutrophilic leucocytosis, high activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) showed a well-defined, oval-shaped mass (4.7 cm × 4 cm), caudal to the liver (Fig 1A). The mass was diffusely hypoechoic with an irregular-shaped hyperechoic centre, and no blood flow was detected by colour Doppler study. The gallbladder wall was thickened, with a collapsed lumen and hyperechoic surrounding fat (Fig 1B). A small amount of free abdominal fluid was detected. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of an oval-shaped, non-contrast-enhancing mass (6.1 cm × 4.1 cm) in the cranial abdomen caudally to the liver (Fig 1C). The mass appeared with a homogeneous density except for a slightly hyperdense nucleus. The gallbladder wall was thickened and irregular with inward deviation, with external hypodense material visible (Fig 1D). A presumptive diagnosis of migrating gallbladder mucocele secondary to gallbladder rupture was made. At surgery, an ovoidal mass with a smooth surface, firm-elastic consistency and blackish-brown colour, adjacent to the liver, was found and removed. Surgical resection of the gallbladder was also performed. The dog recovered uneventfully. Histologically, the gallbladder epithelium was hyperplastic with papillary intraluminal projection, intramural cysts filled with bluish mucoid substance and diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltration in the lamina propria. Focally, the gallbladder wall was haemorrhagic and necrotic with calcification. The intra-abdominal mass was composed of a similar bluish mucoid material. Migrating gallbladder mucocele is a rare condition and cannot be excluded based on clinical and laboratory findings alone. Multimodal imaging (US/CT) provided a more accurate diagnosis, allowing for the documentation of the characteristic pattern of the mucocele and evidence of gallbladder rupture.</p>","PeriodicalId":17062,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Small Animal Practice","volume":"66 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jsap.13886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144506055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}